Methods of Conservation of Chinese Medicines

Conservation of Chinese medicine tablets

8?3 Purpose of conservation of Chinese medicine

8?3 Common problems in the storage of Chinese medicine

8?3 Basic methods of conservation of Chinese medicine

8?3 Abnormal treatment of traditional Chinese medicine

8?3 Conservation of toxic Chinese medicine

8?3 Conservation of fine and precious herbs

I. Purpose of conservation of traditional Chinese medicine

Conservation of traditional Chinese medicine is The use of modern science and technology specializing in the storage and preservation of traditional Chinese medicine, to prevent the deterioration of traditional Chinese medicine, to ensure the safety of traditional Chinese medicine, effective discipline.

A, to ensure the quality of tablets, improve the efficacy of tablets

B, rational use, reduce waste

C, to improve the visibility of the pharmacy

Two, common problems in the storage of traditional Chinese medicine

The traditional Chinese medicines in the process of transportation and storage, due to improper management, in the interaction between the external conditions and their own nature, will gradually undergo physical changes or chemical changes, insect infestation, mildew, discoloration, oil, odor loss, weathering, deliquescence, sublimation, melting, rodent bites, flammable and other phenomena.

A, moth: refers to pests erode the internal organization of herbs, thereby reducing the efficacy or loss of medicinal value. The most serious harm to Chinese medicine is also the most common anomaly. In the common use of more than 600 hundred kinds of traditional Chinese medicine, the pest species that accounted for about 40%. There are fifty to sixty kinds of pests found in our country. Common pests are: grain weevil, rice weevil and so on.

Two, common problems in the storage of traditional Chinese medicine

★Insects cause:

Ⅰ Chinese medicine in the harvesting and processing of pollution, drying failed to completely kill the eggs, once the environmental conditions are suitable, the eggs will hatch into insects.

II storage place; container itself within the eggs attached; pests from outside the invasion of storage containers; transportation packaging is not strict or damaged

Ⅲ worm with temperature, humidity and moisture content of the herbs (temperature 16 - 35 ℃, humidity of 60%, moisture content of herbs in 11%, for the pests of the temperature zone; lethal high-temperature zone of 50 ℃ - 60 ℃, the pests may be lose life activity in a relatively short time; lethal low-temperature zone is the temperature below -4℃, in which the pest dies of dehydration due to the freezing of body fluids and the freezing of cellular protoplasm.)

IV pests are related to the integrity of herbs, intact herbs are less prone to pests than processed and produced herbs.

★Pests on herbs usually show the following aspects of harm:

(1) Pests will be moth-eaten herbs into the cavity, serious internal cavity, so that the weight of the herbs to reduce the loss of the more components, reduce or lose the therapeutic effect.

(2) Pest feces, secretions, insect corpses, insect skin, insect debris and other contamination of Chinese herbs, after taking the human health hazards.

Two, common problems in the storage of traditional Chinese medicine

(3) pests are the medium with bacteria, pathogenic bacteria, mold growth and reproduction of nutrients, causing **** harm. Pest-infested herbs are detrimental to disease treatment and can be harmful.

(4) after the Chinese herbal medicine is infested, some varieties are easy to go oil (such as angelica, ginseng) and cause further quality change.

(5) After the Chinese herbal medicine is infested, it will increase the loss and bring certain economic loss.

★Easy to worm Chinese medicine (generally containing starch, protein, fat oil, sugar and snakes or animals and other traditional Chinese medicine), but also mold medium

ⅰ root and rhizome class of traditional Chinese medicine: the most prone to worms are live, dahuric dahurica, fengfeng, rhizoma ligustici, ligusticum, ligustrum, zezhi, lotus root joints, chuanwu, grass, beard, southern saxony, zhujiao, Chinese yam, astragalus, angelica sinensis, radix et rhizoma ginseng, panax quinquefolii, ramie root, white aconite, beimu, tiannanxing, half-sia, tulip, licorice, tangerine root, pollen of smallpox, antiseptic, mingdang ginseng, ginger, cynomolgus, bei sasanqua, white amber, and so on. The general ones are Gan Sui, Sai Gan, Ba Ji Tian, Bei Chai Hu, Shan Dou Gen, Guang Ci Gu, He Shou Wu, Di Yu, Wu Yao, Jie Calamus, San Leng, and Shen Ma.

II rattan and wood bark class of traditional Chinese medicine: easy to worm, such as chicken blood vine, sea wind vine, green wind vine, mulberry white bark; general, such as cypress, Tsubaki, parasitic, cinnamon sticks and so on.

III flowers of traditional Chinese medicine: easy to worm, such as winter flower, chrysanthemum, honeysuckle, Lingxiao flower, haunted sheep flower, coriander, pohuang

ⅳ fruits and seeds of traditional Chinese medicine: easy to worm, there are golden cherry, Sichuan Dongzi, figs, pig's tooth soap, red nutmeg, prenylococcus, malt, malt, wheat germ, floating wheat, Fat Hai; Chinese wolfberry, piper betel, Gorgonzola, Job's tear grains, Lotus seed, Buddha's hand, rafter, acacia horn, orange red, Chenpi, hawthorn, and other traditional Chinese medicine. Chenpi, hawthorn, Citrus aurantium, Citrus aurantium, Saussurea, Jujubae, papaya, white lentils, etc.

v animal herbs are: snakeheads, turtle shells, mealybugs, andrographis paniculatae, dictyostelium, spotted fibers, herbs, toadstools, etc., hedgehog skin, deer tendon, hen's gold, seahorses

v algal fungus herbs: easy to bugs of herbs such as Cordyceps Sinensis, Poria, Ganoderma lucidum, fungus, etc.

B, mildew : that is, mold grows on the herbs, mold can reduce the medicinal value

★Mold causes:

Ⅰ air contains a large number of mold spores, scattered on the surface of the herbs. When the mold meets the appropriate temperature (20 - 35 ℃), most of the mold in 50 ℃ - 65 ℃ death, humidity (more than 60%), when the air carbon dioxide reaches 80% - 90%, can make to kill the mold.

II water content of herbs more than to go 15%, that is sprouting mycelium, and secretion

enzymes, erosion of herbs inside the tissue

IV herbs by the stewing of heat when the internal moisture will steam to the surface, known as sweating, which can make the mold growth, and by the surface of the gradual penetration of the interior, causing moldy herbs

★Easy to moldy herbs are: (Where containing sugar, mucus, starch, protein and oil)

Ⅰ root and rhizome herbs: the most easy to mold have hyssop, asparagus, bamboo, yellow essence, maitake, Baibu, white atractylodes, Allium sativum, licorice, angelica, gentiana, black shun piece, white epiphyllum, aster; more easy to mold have Zhimu, Cangzhu, Muxiang, shanglu, Pueraria lobata, kaempferia, nightshade, Scutellaria baicalensis, farfaradin, leucocephalus, Baihe

Ⅱ fruit seed class Herbs: the most easy to oil and moldy cypress kernel, walnut kernel, longan meat, make gentleman, tangerine,, YuLiRen, almonds, peach kernel, schizandra; general oil and moldy flaxseed, sesame, bazhou, QianJinZi, lemonade, tianXianZi, cephalotaxus, baiGao, chaste tree, mother of butyrospermum, mulberry, orange kernel, gardenia, green peels

Ⅲ flowers class herbs: easy to moldy honeysuckle, chrysanthemum, winter flower Sophora japonica (discoloration), flowers, flowers, etc.

IV whole herbs and leaves of herbs: easier to mold have amaranth, artichoke, gooseberry, green leaves, mint, pellitory, loquat leaves, ginseng leaves, plantain grass, flat storage, dandelion, mulberry leaves (worms) and so on

V skin rattan wood herbs: easy to mold have white fresh skin, mulberry, Tsubaki white skin, neem skin, chicken-blooded vine, Shouwu vine (worms), mulberry white bark, Sichuan hibiscus bark, etc.

VI animal herbs: easy to mold have nine fragrant insects, hedgehog skin, dog kidneys, gecko (easy to oil

VI animal herbs: easy to mold have nine fragrant insects, hedgehog skin, dog kidneys, gecko (easy to oil), softshell turtle bugs, herp snakes, snake, snakeheads, the ground dragon, deer whips, venison tendon, mealybugs, Zi Hechuan, dried toad skin

C, Discoloration: the main color of the herbs changed, often suggesting that the herbs to deterioration

★Reasons for discoloration:

ⅠTemperature and humidity is the main factor; such as the temperature rises more than 30 ℃, humidity of more than 70%, the herbs will accelerate the rate of discoloration.

II the faster the oxidation, the faster the discoloration, so in the air storage herbs change color fast.

Ⅲ sunlight is often combined with humidity, oxidation and other factors, to herbs

discoloration, especially light in the polarized light caused by discoloration faster

Ⅳ other. Pesticides often make herbs discolored. Such as sulfur fumigation, the resulting sulfur dioxide in water into sulfite, with reducing effect, can make the herbs discolored.

★Easy to discolor the Chinese medicine: (generally contain flavonoids, glycosides, anthraquinones, tannins and other components of the Chinese medicine easy to discolor)

Rose flowers, flowers, plum flowers, Lap-mei flowers, chrysanthemums, tortoiseshell flowers, safflower, honeysuckle, flowers, lotus, acacia, Lotus heart, tangerine Luo, Tongcao, ephedra, Buddha's hand piece, wolfberry, jujube.

D, pan-oil: is the appearance of dry herbs oil-like substances.

★Reasons for oiling:

Ⅰwith the temperature, the temperature is high, the oil contained in the herbs will be easy to spill out.

II with the storage years, the herbs stored for a long time, some components will naturally deteriorate away from the oil.

III long-term contact with the air and discoloration, deterioration, but also easy to go oil.

IV and the herbs contain certain ingredients related to fat oil, volatile oil containing more herbs.

★Easy to oil herbs: (generally contain fat, sugar, volatile oil components of traditional Chinese medicine easy to oil)

Tian dong, mai dong, ginseng, cow's knees, Panax quinquefolius, cypress kernel, Angelica sinensis, nutmeg, goji berry, Ulleus vulgaris, apricot kernel, peach kernel, dog's kidneys, nine aromatic insects, hedgehog skin, clamshell, gecko, Zangbanzi, centipede, red nymphs, herb, mealybugs, otter's liver, otako snakes, deer tendon.

E, odor loss: some Chinese medicine contains volatile components (such as volatile oil, etc.), due to improper storage and custody of the volatile loss, making the odor of Chinese medicine changes in the phenomenon.

★Reasons for odor loss:

ⅠTemperature is too high, the higher the temperature, the faster the volatility, can make the odor of the herbs lost (temperature does not exceed 30 ℃, humidity 70% -75%).

II storage is not closed tightly, exposed to the air, natural volatilization.

ⅢThe longer the storage time, the more odor loss.

★Odor loss of medicinal herbs are: angelica, wood, ligusticum, dahurica, dahuric dahurica, wind, rhizoma chuanxiong, qiangcheng, cangzhu, sandalwood, incense, thick park, cinnamon, mugwort, perilla, rosehips, cloves, honeysuckle, flowers, fennel, peppercorns, citron, nutmeg, Chenpi, citron, Hovenia, thorns, Inchcape, nutmeg, patchouli, mint, Elsholtzia, camphor, frankincense, musk.

Ice chips, ferula

F, weathering: inorganic salts containing water of crystallization of traditional Chinese medicine, in the dry air to lose part or all of the water of crystallization, the formation of powder on the surface of the traditional Chinese medicine of the variant phenomenon.

★Reasons for weathering:

ⅠThe packaging of herbs is broken, direct contact with the air.

II affected by temperature and humidity.

★Easy weathering of the herbs are:

Manganite, cholecalciferol, borax , xuanjingshi,

G, deliquescence: under the influence of a certain temperature and humidity, the soluble sugar and inorganic salt components contained in traditional Chinese medicine by the phenomenon of gradual dissolution of the water in the air .

★The reason for deliquescence: mainly water vapor in the air, high humidity.

★Easy to deliquescence of the medicinal herbs: manganese nitrate, green salt, autumn stone, green alum, borax, sea bath, kombucha, salt system white ginseng, salt system scorpion, alum system asparagus

H, ascension: the main volatile oil-containing traditional Chinese medicine in the room temperature from the solid state directly into the gaseous state of the mutation phenomenon.

★The reason for the ascension: the package is not tight, exposed to the air, by the temperature rise and occur.

★Easy to ascending herbs are: ice chips, menthol, camphor

I, melting: containing sugar gum, resin, wax and other components of the solid state, due to the softening point, melting point is low, in the heat conditions are prone to soften into a thick viscous state of melting flow of the mutation phenomenon.

★Reasons for melting:

ⅠPharmaceutical herbs with poor heat resistance

ⅡPharmaceutical herbs with strong hygroscopicity

ⅢPharmaceutical herbs with low quality and purity

★Easy to melt herbs are:

Bee's wax, Colla Corii Asini, Deer Gum, Gum of turtle plate, Boswellia, Myrrh, Ferula

J: Rat Bite: Rats love to eat herbs that contain starch, Proteins, fats, sugars, etc.

The harm of rodents on the storage of Chinese medicine:

ⅠTheft of herbs: rodents can eat a lot of herbs, and the habit of storing herbs.

II pollution of herbs: after stealing food will also excrete feces, pollution of herbs, not suitable for human use.

Ⅲ spread pathogens

Ⅳ damage to packaging and buildings

K, flammable: herbs in the heat and light to reach its own ignition point, will cause combustion, not only to make the herbs themselves suffered losses, and even cause disasters, so it must be practiced special conservation.

★Flammable reason: affected by temperature and humidity and fire source

★Flammable herbs are: sulfur, dry lacquer, rosin, fire nitrate, sea gold sand,

Three, the basic method of conservation of traditional Chinese medicine

Conservation of pests:

Cleanliness prevention and treatment: often clean up the area of the traditional Chinese medicine, remove pollutants disinfecting stains, so that there is no place for the pests to hide.

Two sealing control: the use of sealed or airtight storage, so that the Chinese medicine and the outside world air, temperature, humidity, light, bacteria, pests and other isolation.

Three high-temperature control: let the Chinese medicine in a high-temperature environment to prevent or kill pests. Methods include exposure, baking, hot steaming and other methods.

Four low-temperature refrigeration: an ideal method of control of herbs, not only

can prevent moths, mildew, while not affecting the quality of the medicine, mostly used in the precious fine and fragile nature of traditional Chinese medicine, characterized by no discoloration, no oil, no taste, no drying, no drying and cracking and other advantages.

Five heterosexual against the same storage prevention and control: celandine, peppercorns pounded and wrapped in paper, placed around the animal herbs, there is a very good anti-insect role; camphor is also wrapped in paper (10 grams or so), into the antler velvet, herbs, centipedes, etc.; mealybugs and camphor with the same storage; mealybugs and cinnamon with the same storage; garlic on the animal species can be prevented from worms; dampness and pain relief cream with the centipede with the same storage of anti-insects; 95% of alcohol sprayed a small amount of medicinal herbs, can be effective; human participation in fine herbs with the same storage, can be used to prevent worms. Effective anti-insects; people involved in the fine Xin with the storage; ice chips and cordyceps with the storage, borax and mung beans with the storage, etc.

Six use of green insecticides: is the current control of pests is the most ideal kind of botanical pesticides. Commonly used green insecticides

Use methods include:

1) mixing method: pyrethrum, lingzhi, rue, pepper, etc. Grinding powder, put into the herbs, airtight **** storage, can be very good control of pests.

(2) spraying method: Tian Ming Jing, pepper, garlic, orange peel, dry ginger, dried chili peppers, etc. into powder, put into water for two days, filter residue, spray with a sprayer, but not directly on the herbs.

I, drying and dehumidification method

A, sun exposure method: also known as sun-drying method, with the sun's heat to make the herbs water dry, while using ultraviolet rays to kill mold and insect eggs. While the heat is divided and loaded with berries, maitong; heat dissipation packaged box with white atractylodes, ginseng, qiangcheng, mudanpi, wai niu knee

B, spreading drying method: also known as yin drying method, applicable to aromatic leaves, flowers, fruit skin, etc.. Herbs include Chenpi, jujube seed, cypress seed, peach kernel, bitter almonds, and flaxseed

C. Heating and drying method: It is used in the season when the water content is too high and cannot be exposed to the sun and the rainy season. Herbs are rhubarb, yam, chuanxiong, yanhuisuo, asparagus, smallpox pollen, white atractylodes, white peony, dahurica dahurica, bacopa monnieri, cordyceps sinensis, fengfeng, angelica sinensis, shellfish, qiangcun, sasanqua, dugong, calamus, cangzhu, lock yang, ze laguna, salvia

D, lime drying method: used for the texture of the delicate, easy to go to the oil, the overflow of sugar and moldy moth moths, back to the moisture is not suitable for exposure to sunlight or drying of the medicinal herbs. The main ginseng, wolfberry, antler, sugar ginseng, hyssop and so on.

E, charcoal drying method: the first charcoal drying, and then wrapped in kraft paper placed in the moisture prone to moldy herbs. Advantages have no odor, do not tamper with the flavor; moisture absorption slow not to make the herbs dry and brittle; lower price, can be reused.

F, turn the stack ventilation method: the bottom of the stack of herbs turned to the stack surface, or stacked into ventilation, so that the heat and moisture emitted folding method.

G, lime buried method: wrapped in kraft paper and noted herbs,

Placed in a wooden box, and then buried the herbs with lime. Such as leeches, centipedes, hedgehog skin, etc.

H, sand burial method: the use of sand to isolate the outside world moisture, this method is applicable to a few intact herbs, such as Codonopsis, hyssop, Panax quinquefolius, Angelica dahurica, Chinese yam and so on.

I, chaff burying method: the use of grain, wheat chaff moisture barrier properties, the herbs buried in chaff, so that the outside world moisture does not invade. Such as Colla Corii Asini, antler gelatin, turtle plate glue and other herbs wrapped in oil paper to prevent softening or crumbling; and Codonopsis, Angelica dahurica and so on.

J, basement storage method: the use of the basement is warm in winter and cool in summer and

not directly exposed to sunlight characteristics of the storage of traditional Chinese medicine method.

Ⅰ, containing volatile oils of herbs: mint, fine pungent, thorn mustard, angelica, rhizoma ligustici chuanxiong, wood incense

Ⅱ, aromatic, oily herbs: rosehips, flowers, cypress kernel, jujube kernel, almonds, jujube kernel, jujube kernel, turkey berry

Ⅲ, salt roasted herbs: plantain, motherwort, balsam pear, yi chi kernel,

Ⅳ, easy to be insect, mold damage to the medicinal herbs: Lycium barbarum, jujube, longan meat, Semen Coix lacryma, Psidium guajava, almonds, peach kernel, Yu Li Ren

V, honey of the herbs: licorice, astragalus, flowers, Aster, Bacopa monnieri, loquat leaves

Two, the traditional mold and mildew removal of insect maintenance method

A, clean and sanitary control method: the basis of the various prevention and control work, which conforms to the principles of economy, safety, effectiveness and non-pollution.

B, sealed conservation method: the use of closed storage and tanks, bottles, plastic bags or other packaging equipment, will be closed to the Chinese medicine, so that it is isolated from the outside air and reduce moisture intrusion.

C, refrigeration conservation method: the use of low-temperature (0 ℃ ----10 ℃) storage of medicinal herbs, but to certain equipment, and the cost of larger, used for valuable medicinal herbs, such as: ginseng, chrysanthemums, yam, Chenpi, hashish, fungus, etc.

D, hot steaming method: the pests of the medicinal herbs into the steaming pot, the use of steam to kill the pests, and then the herbs will be drying and drying method of packaging. Requirements for the degree of heat through the top. The main herbs are tulip, tiannanxing, angelica dahurica, chuanwu, caowu, he shouwu, lockyang, cistanchiachia and animal herbs of sinewy skin.

E, against the same storage and maintenance method: the use of different herbs emit a special smell, moisture absorption properties or unique insect repellent mold chemical composition to prevent another herb insect, mold and other phenomena. Diarrhea, yam and peony with the storage of insects and color; saffron anti-insects Cordyceps; honey mixed with cinnamon, cinnamon to protect the flavor; garlic anti-

Gorgonzola, Coix Seed insects; fine pungent, pepper antler antler insects; angelica to prevent musk away from the gas color; ginger to prevent the honey influx of moisture; white wine anti-insects; centipede, ha mealybugs cleverly stored.

A, air-conditioning conservation: is China's 1980s implementation of the use of Chinese medicine conservation technology.

I, nitrogen oxygenation

II, carbon dioxide

III, natural oxygenation

B, far-infrared heating and drying: a conservation technology developed in the 1970s.

C, microwave drying and conservation: a new technology developed in the 1960s. The range is 300-300000MHz, our common use is 915MHz or 2450MHz two frequencies.

Four, the treatment of Chinese medicine abnormalities

A, the treatment of minor mold:

Ⅰ, dry brush to remove mold

Ⅱ, impact to remove mold

Ⅲ, panning to remove mold

Ⅳ, boiling water spraying to remove mold

Ⅴ, vinegar spraying to remove mold

Ⅵ, wine spraying to wash the mold

B, other Abnormalities should be found early, early treatment, focusing on prevention.

V. Conservation of toxicity of traditional Chinese medicine

Toxicity of traditional Chinese medicine are 27 kinds: arsenic, arsenic, mercury, raw strychnine, raw Chuanwu, raw Caowu, raw white aconite, raw epiphyllum, raw semicarpus, raw southern star, raw bazhou, Zebu, red lady's mantle, green lady's mantle, raw glyptostroboids, raw wolfsbane, raw garcinia, raw Qianjinzi, raw tianxianzi, haunted goat's flower, a branch of artemisia in snow, white descending dan, toadstools, foreign gold flower, Red powder, light powder, andrographis

A, the conservation of ores and their processed products, mainly to prevent photochemical, oxidation, humidity and temperature on them caused by qualitative changes.

B, animal and plant toxicity of the conservation of traditional Chinese medicine: a small number of varieties, can be used to close the sealing method of storage; high moisture content, can be exposed to sunlight or drying before sealed storage or add moisture absorbing agent.

6, the conservation of precious and fine herbs

A, precious and fine herbs are: ginseng, antler, musk, ox horn, antelope horn, hippocampus, horse treasure, dog treasure, monkey jujube, bear gall bladder, bird's nest, panax ginseng, toadstool oil, crocus sativus, pearl

B, the conservation of fine and precious Chinese medicines

Ⅰ, sealing

Ⅱ, moisture absorption

Ⅲ, cold storage.

II, moisture

III, refrigerated