What are the characteristics of the five official kilns of the Song Dynasty?

Jun Kiln

With the unique art of kiln change and known in the world, it is known as "gold has a price Jun priceless" and "home has ten thousand, as well as a piece of Jun porcelain" reputation. It is a national treasure of his town in Yuzhou City, Henan Province, with its simple shape, exquisite craftsmanship, complex glaze, "into the kiln a color out of the kiln ten thousand colors" of the magical kiln changes, lake and mountain scenery, clouds and haze, people and animals, birds, insects and fish and other infinite variations of graphic color and wonderful flavor, known as the China "! Five Famous Porcelain" of the first

Ru Kiln

For the best of ancient and modern Chinese porcelain kilns. The kiln site in the present day Baofeng County, Henan Province, Qingliang Temple, Song belonged to Ruzhou, so the name. Glaze colors are mainly azure, sky blue, light pink, powder green, moon white, etc., the glaze layer is thin and glistening, the glaze bubble is large and sparse, there are "as few as the morning star" said. The glaze has a small grain, known as "crab claw pattern".

Ruzhou is the hometown of Ru porcelain, Ru porcelain modeling simple and generous, its glaze, such as "after the rain cloud breaks place", "a thousand peaks of blue waves of green color to", the soil is fine and moist, billet such as the Dong body of its glaze thick and sound such as the engine, bright and not blinding, with a "pear skin, crab claw". "pear skin, crab claw, sesame flower" characteristics, known as "like jade, not jade, but better than jade".

Official kilns

Official government-run porcelain kilns, also refers to the Ming and Qing dynasties Jingdezhen for the court production of porcelain. In the Song Dynasty, it was built directly by the government, and was divided into the Northern Song official kilns and the Southern Song official kilns. Yuan dynasty jingdezhen official kiln called "shufu kiln". Ming and qing dynasty jingdezhen kilns, modern often named after the emperor years, such as; "xuande kiln", "chenghua kiln", "kangxi kiln" and so on. Ming and Qing dynasty kilns also known as "imperial kilns", kilns other than the official kilns, known as "people's kilns". Northern Song dynasty official kilns in the Northern Song dynasty

Song dynasty official kilns porcelain is mainly plain, neither beautiful carving, and no colorful painting, most of the use of concave-convex straight rib and string pattern for the decoration. Its tire color iron black, glaze pinkish green, "purple mouth and iron foot" to add the beauty of simple and elegant, "purple mouth and iron foot" refers to the celadon tire iron content of up to 3.5% -5%, resulting in the products of the mouth of the edge of the glaze at the thin dew grey or greyish-purple, and the bottom end of the scraping glaze exposed tire at the black-brown or dark gray. dark gray. In addition to the common shape of the kilns, such as plates, dishes, wash, etc., there are a lot of bottles and furnaces modeled after the ancient bronzes of the Shang Dynasty, Zhou Dynasty, Qin Dynasty, and Han Dynasty. China is known as the "porcelain country of the world". In the dazzling array of Chinese porcelain, "Northern Song Dynasty official kiln celadon" is outstanding, exquisite, ancient gas, Park people in the eyebrow, is regarded as a treasure. Official porcelain is the government-run kilns, exclusively for royal use, is the end of the Northern Song Dynasty Song Huizong era of the Palace Imperial porcelain, powerful officials and nobles can only look at the porcelain sigh, visible and unattainable. Thus, noble, rare will become the first impression of the Northern Song official porcelain.

Ding kiln

Song dynasty northern famous porcelain kiln. Kiln site in Hebei Quyang Jianjie village. Began to burn in the late Tang Dynasty, the Five Dynasties, burned in the Northern Song Dynasty, Jin, Yuan period gradually declined. Plates, bowls due to overfiring, there is a man's mouth and because of the glaze sagging and the formation of tears of the characteristics.

Ding kiln for the Song dynasty, one of the five famous kilns, kiln site in the village of Quyang Jianzhi in present-day Hebei province and the east and west of the Yan village, in the Song dynasty belongs to the Dingzhou, so the name. Created in the Tang Dynasty, flourished in the Northern Song Dynasty and Jin Dynasty, and finally Yuan Dynasty. Known for producing white porcelain, also burned black glaze, sauce glaze and glazed porcelain, the literature were called "black fixed", "purple fixed" and "green fixed".

The Ding kiln is the white porcelain kiln following the Xing kiln. Ware type in the Tang Dynasty to bowl-based, Song Dynasty to bowl, plate, vase, dish, box and pillow for more, but also produces vase and conch and other pre-Buddhist offerings, tire thin and light, hard, white color, not too transparent. Ding kiln by the upper iterative pressure re-fired, the mouth edge is not glazed, known as "Mangkou", which is one of the characteristics of the Ding kiln products.

Ding kiln porcelain with its colorful pattern decoration and loved by the people. Decorative techniques to white glaze printing, white glaze engraved and white glaze scratched flowers, and white glaze pick flowers and gold color depiction. Printing to flowers, mainly lotus, chrysanthemum, daylilies, peonies, etc., but also mandarin ducks, dragons and phoenixes, lions and other animal designs, the picture is rigorous, symmetry, neat and elegant white glaze printing ware has always been regarded as ceramic art treasures. Early Northern Song Dynasty Ding kiln carved flowers, composition, pattern simplicity, to heavy lotus petal pattern mostly, decorated with the beauty of shallow relief. The middle and late Northern Song dynasty carved flower decoration is exquisite and unique. With a single-toothed or double-toothed comb-like tool, carved out by the depth, light varying from the main line and auxiliary lines against the composition of the object, vivid and natural, with a strong sense of three-dimensionality, decorative subject matter to flowers and fruits, lotus ducks, birds, birds, clouds and dragons, and so on.

Ge Kiln

The Ge Kiln mentioned here refers to the heirloom Ge Kiln porcelain. Its tire color has black, dark gray, light gray and earth yellow variety, its glaze are lost transparent milky glaze, the glaze color is mainly gray-green. Common objects are furnace, bottle, bowl, plate, wash, etc., are excellent texture, fine workmanship, all for the court with the style of porcelain, porcelain and folk kilns are very different.

Heirloom Kiln porcelain is not found in the Song tomb excavations, the kiln site has not been found, so researchers generally believe that the heirloom Kiln belongs to the Song dynasty government-run porcelain kilns. For a long time, people are mainly based on documentary records and heirloom objects on its research. Southern Song Dynasty people put aside the "Tanzai Penheng" clearly pointed out that the Southern Song Dynasty government-run porcelain kilns are two: one is the suburb of the official kiln, the kiln site has been found in Hangzhou Wugu Mountain; the other is the Xiu Nei Si official kiln, the kiln site has not been found. Some scholars, according to the publication in the Ming Hongwu twenty years of Cao Zhao's "Gegu Essentials" on the characteristics of the Xiunessi kilns recorded that the heirloom Brother kilns that the Song Dynasty Xiunessi kilns.