What are the forms of utilization of ocean energy? What are their characteristics?

Ocean energy is a renewable energy generated in the process of seawater movement, which mainly includes temperature difference energy, tidal energy, wave energy, tidal energy, ocean current energy, salt difference energy and so on. Tidal energy and tidal energy come from the gravity of the moon, the sun and other planets, and other ocean energy comes from solar radiation.

Sea water temperature difference energy is a kind of heat energy. The sea surface water temperature at low latitude is high, which forms a temperature difference with deep water and can produce heat exchange. Its energy is proportional to the temperature difference and heat exchange water quantity.

Tidal energy, tidal current energy, ocean current energy and wave energy are all mechanical energy. Tidal energy is proportional to tidal range and tidal volume. Wave energy is proportional to the square of wave height and the fluctuating water area. There is also seawater salt difference energy (also known as seawater chemical energy) in estuary waters, and there is salinity difference between fresh water flowing into the sea and seawater. If separated by a semi-permeable membrane, fresh water permeates into the seawater side, which can produce osmotic pressure, and its energy is proportional to the pressure difference and osmotic pressure energy.

Marine energy is rich and renewable. It is estimated that the available power of water temperature difference energy between the earth and Shanghai can reach the order of 10 10 kW. Renewable energy sources such as tidal energy, wave energy, ocean current energy and seawater salt difference energy all reach the order of 109 kW.

Ocean energy is changeable and unstable. Among them, seawater temperature difference energy, ocean current energy and salt difference energy change slowly, while tidal and tidal current energy change regularly with short period, and wave energy has obvious randomness.

The boundless ocean accounts for about 765,438+0% of the earth's surface. It collects 97% water and is rich in energy. With the continuous consumption of land resources, the energy on which human beings depend for survival and development will depend more and more on the ocean. Chinese mainland has a long coastline of 1.8 million kilometers and a sea area of over 4.7 million square kilometers, and is rich in marine energy resources.