What people-oriented thinking? What is people-centered thinking? What is the difference between the two?

1, the object of attention is different:

"People" mentioned in the "people-centered" thought, in fact, belongs to the concept of "class groups", class and class is the actual attributes of the people. Class and hierarchy are the actual attributes of the people. As Huang Zongxi said, "The rule and disorder of the world does not depend on the rise and fall of a single family name, but on the happiness and concern of ten thousand people", and "people" in this context generally refers to the people under the sky, who have a relatively higher degree of social status compared to the "ruler". The people under the sky have a broader sense of community.

Humanistic thinking focuses on the "class of individuals" as the center of attention, and takes this as the theoretical base and logical starting point for celebrating the universal values of human beings. Based on the importance of individual interests and rights, humanistic thinking has been recognized and accepted by more and more people, and its theory has been gradually spread, developed and perfected.

2, the pursuit of different goals:

The fundamental purpose of the rulers to follow the people-centered ideology is to consolidate public opinion in order to maintain, consolidate and strengthen the specific ruling order and social order, and then to seek specific class interests and realize specific political goals.

For example, Emperor Taizong of Tang Dynasty said, "It is not the ruler who is lovely, and it is not the people who are fearful; the son of heaven, if there is a way, people will push him to be the master, and if there is no way, people will abandon him and not use him, which is really fearful." The fundamental goal of "people-oriented" is mainly the pursuit of human personality liberation and the right to benefit, value plurality, personality differences and diversity of interests is its inevitable logic.

3, value concepts are different:

"People-oriented" basic value concepts are mainly expressed in the following aspects. First, the importance of the people and the people. "Respect for heaven and protect the people", "the people are the foundation of the state", "the people are precious and the king is light", "the establishment of the king for the people" and other ancient teachings show the importance of the The people's importance is shown in such ancient teachings as

The Zuo Zhuan elaborated on the importance of the people from the height of the rise and fall of the country, which said: "The country will rise, listen to the people; the country will die, listen to God." Second, love and benevolence to the people. Mozi advocated the idea of love for the people "and love each other, cross-benefit".

Third, to protect the people. The "people-oriented" principle is mainly based on the value of "people as the purpose and people as the root". On the one hand, it promotes the subjective status and active role of human beings, affirms the value of human beings, and respects their personality.

Protagoras believes that "man is the measure of all things". Secondly, the celebration of human freedom, calling for the liberation of personality, the pursuit of happiness in the world, Rousseau believes that in the "state of nature" in the "man is born free". Thirdly, it celebrates human ability and virtue, and extols human reason and rationality.

The idea of humanistic thinking can be traced back to Confucius and Mencius, who said, "The benevolent man loves others, the people are the most important thing, the ruler is the least important thing, and the gods of earth and grain are the second most important thing." This is the essence of the traditional Chinese thought and culture, and the Enlightenment during the Renaissance in the West raised humanistic thinking to an unprecedented height, which shows that humanistic thinking is a sign of the degree of civilization of the society.

Today, humanistic thinking has become a mainstream value orientation in society. In China, people-oriented thinking has gone through two major evolutions. One is the evolution from people-oriented to people-oriented, and the other is the evolution from people-oriented to people-oriented.

People-oriented thinking is an extremely important ideological resource in traditional Chinese culture, which began at the time of the alternation of the Shang and Zhou dynasties. Ancient people-oriented thinking has gone through a developmental process from respecting heaven and ghosts to respecting virtue and protecting the people, and then from valuing the people over the sky to valuing the people over the ruler.

Since the emergence of the state, China has entered a new stage of development, and the nature of society has changed from a primitive society to a class society, which later manifested itself as a slave society, a feudal society, and an authoritarian society with centralized power. The people-centered ideology has always existed and played an important role in the development and change of the national political system.

Expanded:

Baidu Encyclopedia-Minbanban Thought

Minban thought

Baidu Encyclopedia - Humanistic Thought