Native Chinese Chow Chow Overview

The Chinese Native Pine Schnauzer is an ancient dog breed with a long history of more than 2,000 years. Commonly known as Tusong and Bear Dog, it is now mainly distributed in the Pearl River Delta region and Guangxi. Puppies resemble bears; adult dogs have lush hair on their heads and necks and resemble lions. The blue-black or blue-black spotted tongue and stilt-like gait are their unique characteristics.

1, Outline

The Chinese Native Pine Schnauzer is an ancient breed with a long history of more than 2,000 years, and is one of the oldest breeds in the world. Originally distributed in northern China, it later migrated to southern China with its ancestors. Once used for a wide range of purposes, including hunting, dragging, and guarding, today they are mainly used as guard dogs and companion dogs.

Little Red Male at Bear Dog Zone Kennel

Fans of the native Pine Schnauzer affectionately call them "Toussons," the traditional Chinese Pine Schnauzers that have thrived in the land of China throughout the ages. In the Lingnan Pearl River Delta region and Guangxi, where native Pine Siskins are now widely distributed, they are also known as Bear Dogs, Pinehair Dogs, Demoiselle Dogs, Lion Hair Dogs, Fat Hair Dogs, Bear Lion Dogs, Pine Bear Dogs, Earth Pine Siskins, Grass Pine Siskins, Woolly Pipes, Black Tongues, etc. They have been known as "Pine Dogs" for many years, and are now widely used in China.

They are intelligent, independent and have their own ideas; they are wary of strangers, but very loyal to their masters and very protective of their masters; their character is relatively high and cold, and most of the time at home they are very lazy. No housebreaking. No body odor.

A medium-sized dog, stocky, generally square: the distance from the forechest to the top of the buttocks is equal to the height of the highest point of the shoulder. The limbs are straight, with no bend in the knee joints of the hind legs, and the resulting stilt-like gait is a unique feature. The head is generously proportioned and trimmed with ringed collar hair. The muzzle is wide and deep, and tucked forward. The peculiar blue-black or blue-black speckled tongue is also a unique feature.

They are graceful and elegant, resembling a bear cub when they are young, but when they grow up, the luxuriant hair on their heads and necks gives them the majesty of a lion, hence the name Bear and Lion Dogs. There are also some angles that look like foxes. The coat is a variety of colors, usually solid. The layered Demoiselle coat on the back is one of their most distinctive features. The tail has a dense long hair, high rolled on the back like a flower in full bloom. It is a marvelous combination of beauty, majesty, majesty and nature.

Note: The traditional Chinese Pine Schnauzer is called the native Pine Schnauzer, which includes the Pine Schnauzer that has flourished in China throughout the ages and the Pine Schnauzer that was introduced from China to Europe and the United States in the early days; after the 1940s, Europe and the United States in the native Pine Schnauzer on the basis of selective breeding of the Pine Schnauzer is called the American Pine Schnauzer.

2, appearance

The Native Pine Schnauzer looks very much like a bear when it is young, with a dense, soft lamb-like fleece; when it grows up, its neck and head hair are lush and more fluffy than the rest of its body, and it has a lion-like majesty and dominance.

They have a distinctive blue-black or blue-black speckled tongue; their head is of large proportions, with a broad, flat skull; their ears are thick and triangular in shape on their heads; their eyes are almond-shaped, with black eyeliner, brown eyes, deep sockets, and furrowed brows, so that their eyes often look triangular, and have a slightly naive and sad look; their muzzles and noses are of medium length, broad and deep, and are closed forward; their lips are black; their heads are surrounded by manes, like a male lion's; and they have a lion-like majesty and dominance. around the head, like that of a male lion; the coat is long and dense; the tail is long and thick, curling high on the back; the paws are plump. The whole is very naturally harmonized, beautiful and majestic.

For medium-sized dogs, adult dogs average shoulder height of 38 to 55 centimeters, the highest up to 60 centimeters; weight is generally 15 to 25 kilograms.

Muscular, heavy-boned, compact body, short, broad and deep loin, high tail root, close to the back, straight, strong and firm limbs, strong neck, straight back line, horizontal from shoulder to tail root, scapulae slightly close to the top of the cusp, shoulder spine at a 55-degree angle to the horizontal line, and 110-degree angle to the upper arm. The hock and metatarsal joints are directly below the hip joint. The side of the body is square, and the distance from the pronotum to the top of the hip is equal to the height of the highest point of the shoulder.

The short, compact loin, straight hind legs, and lack of bent knees are the structures that contribute to the short, stilt-like gait unique to this breed.

The coat comes in a variety of colors, including black, white, cream, cinnamon, yellow, brown, red, blue, gray, and silver, with blue, gray, and silver being very rare. It is usually a solid color, with lighter colors on the back of the thighs and the underside of the tail.

Double coat, according to the length of the hair is divided into long hair, medium hair and short hair strains.

Long-haired strains: They are characterized by a head that blends in with a thick neck coat, and a thick, long-haired tail that curls over the back and swings freely and forcefully, making them a replica of a lion. This type of coat is only found in the cold, remote north, where the abundance of hair is designed to allow for survival in the extreme cold. Nowadays, long-haired strains of native Pinehounds are rare, but it is said that long-haired populations still exist;

Medium-haired strain: Divided into medium-length and medium-haired, mainly depending on the adult dog's own growth, of which the medium-length hair is the most common strain of native Pinehound. It is now distributed in the two regions;

Short-haired strain: the short-haired is clean and sprightly, which is more suitable for the warm weather in the south, and is now distributed in the two regions.

The needle hairs on the back of the adult Native Pine Schnauzer resemble the ancient rain raincoat, which is called the Demoiselle Hair. The layered Demoiselle coat is a major feature of the Native Chow Chow:

The Demoiselle coat of the Native Chow Chow. Model: Lion

The Native Pinscher is also known as the "Demoiselle Dog" in some areas because of the characteristic Demoiselle coat on its back. This coat structure allows the Native Pine Schnauzer's coat to stay warm, not get wet, and dry easily after bathing.

3. Character

The Native Pine Schnauzer is an independent dog with a calm, serious and unassuming temperament that often gives people a sense of indifference. They are naturally less enthusiastic and alert to strangers, but very affectionate and loyal to their owners, making them very good guard dogs and companion dogs.

Sonny

The Native Pinscher is elegant, proud and dominant. They are groomed and most of the time they are quiet and lethargic, they don't tear up the house, they don't bark, and they don't jump up and down like other dogs with too much energy.

They have only their own business on their minds, they don't actively stir up trouble, they don't bully small dogs or fear big dogs.

They have their own ideas, and sometimes they have a stubborn streak.

Generally, cats are more independent than dogs, but the Native Pine Schnauzer is a canine with a cat-like personality, combining the grace and independence of a cat with the love and loyalty of a dog.

4. Intelligence

The Native Pine Schnauzer is a highly intelligent native breed with an extremely high learning ability and a strong memory.

They are an extremely gifted breed, capable of doing almost anything any other breed can do; hunting, herding, hauling things, guarding homes, and watching over important sites, they can do it all.

The Northern Native Pine Schnauzer "Bubbles"

Today's IQ rankings of some dogs place the Pine Schnauzer at the bottom of the list, recognizing them as a low IQ dog, which is problematic. Native Pinschers excel in all aspects of training, upbringing, communication and interaction, as evidenced by contact with native Pinschers.

5. History

It is hypothesized that during the Miocene period of the Tertiary Period (28-12 million years ago), the Hemicyon, an animal intermediate between Cynoelesmus, the ancestor of the canines, and Daphoneus, the ancestor of the bears, evolved the short-nosed canine. Simocyon, an animal intermediate between foxes and small bears), which inhabited subarctic Siberia and northwestern Mongolia and had 44 teeth. The short-nosed dog (Simocyon) is thought to be the ancestor of the Pine Siskin.

Short-nosed Dog, Ancestor of the Pine Siskin

In contrast to the bear, the Pine Siskin, like the smaller bears of Tibet and Manchuria, has a distinctive blue tongue, a full skull, a short nose, and a square body. Additionally, while most other canines have only 42 teeth, the Pine Schnauzer, like the bear, has 44, although the extra pair of teeth typically fall out when they reach adulthood. Native Pinehounds, or their ancestors who closely resemble them, lived in Mongolia and central China before Homo sapiens came along.

It is now known that native pine martens were depicted in pottery and sculpture during the Han Dynasty (202 B.C.-220 A.D.) in China. Other sources suggest that they are a much older breed, possibly originating in the Arctic Circle before migrating into Mongolia, Siberia and China.

Pottery sculpture of a native pine marten from the Eastern Han Dynasty

Some scholars have affirmed that the pine marten is the original ancestor of the Samoyed, Norwegian Deerhound, Pomeranian, and Dutch Wooly Mastiff.

In more recent times, the Tang emperors bred Songshi dogs, which as royalty had large packs of servants feeding them with the finest rice and meat, had guards, slept on flashy carpets, and were awarded high court titles and medals. They served two purposes, guarding the palace and displaying their handsomeness and majesty.

The Tang emperor's hound kennel contained 2,500 pure pine martens. In the Book of Rites, the Songshihu was categorized as a hunting dog used to attack wolves and leopards.

The Tang Palace Music, with a native Songshihu painted on the bottom of the table

The monasteries in Tibet specialized in breeding Songshihu with blue coats, and invested a great deal of effort in doing so for several generations until they produced perfect gray-blue coats. The blue Pine Siskins were used by the monasteries for guarding, hunting and herding up to the present day.

By the end of the Tang Dynasty, when China was becoming increasingly impoverished, only the monasteries continued to breed selectively, and apart from the monasteries, the original purebred Songshi dogs existed only in the homes of the wealthiest merchants and some nobles.

In those days, people used Songshi dogs for hunting, herding, sledding, guarding, making clothes from their fur, and eating their meat as well.

Large kennels appeared in the northern regions of China, where Pinehounds would be strangled at 10 to 12 months of age to avoid damage to their fur. In Manchuria, a young peasant girl getting married would use her Pinehound as a dowry for starting a new kennel. The tongue of the Pinehound is believed to have medicinal properties.

6. Development

Development in China

Throughout the ages, the Native Pine Schnauzer has flourished on the land of China, accompanying and guarding generations of Chinese people.

The Native Pine Schnauzer was once used as a hunting dog and a working dog (pulling carts and guards) throughout the Central Plains. It is an extremely gifted breed, capable of accomplishing almost all the work that other breeds can do, including hunting, herding cattle and sheep, hauling goods, guarding the home, and guarding important sites. In ancient times it was also known as the enemy of evil spirits and was commonly used to guard monasteries.

Much evidence suggests that in ancient China the Native Pine Siskin was used primarily as a hunting dog, and in hunting, with its intelligence, loyalty, and great scenting ability, it was often used to pursue Mongolian pheasants and Yunnan Teng Francs, and was often highly appreciated for its speed and endurance in the hunt.

The Native Pine Siskin is an excellent representative of the native Chinese breed, and its significance in China does not stop there, as it has greatly influenced the genetics of other native Chinese breeds over the course of its long history.

There is an interesting phenomenon in the distribution of native Chinese dog breeds. From the north to the south of China, the dogs change: the ears tend to be smaller and more upright; the coat color tends to be more and more solid; there are more and more black-tongued dogs; and the warmer you go to the south, there are more and more breeds of dogs with rich, dense coats suitable for the cold regions, but at the same time in the south there are shorter-haired breeds of dogs which are obviously more adapted to the warmer climates of the region.

The first three points coincide with the characteristics of the native Pomeranian: the small standing ears, the solid-colored coat, and the ebony tongue, all of which are characteristics of the native Pomeranian. The fourth point, in the south at the same time there are breeds of dogs with huge differences in coat quality, it can be judged that the short-haired breeds are the native breeds of South China, while the long-haired breeds are produced in the long past, when the breeds of the northern cold temperate region were artificially migrated to the south and then crossed with the local native breeds.

Taken together, these points infer that this breed from the north is the native Pomeranian.

Today, the Native Chow Chow is very rare in the north, but still thrives in the south. The Native Chow Chow in the south has undergone some physical changes in the warmer climate, such as becoming smaller and shorter, but its majestic body shape, dense coat, and iconic crow's tongue have been preserved to this day.

Over the centuries, the genetics of the native Pine Schnauzer have been so stable that even when crossed with other breeds of native dogs, their appearance is basically not very different. Analyzed in terms of appearance, most of the breeds in the two regions, including the Guangdong Wuhong Dog and the Chaoshan Big Head Dog, contain the genes of the native Songlion Dog.

Wu Tongue Exploration

Local people in the two regions favor dogs with a Wu Tongue, which they consider to have better hunting and a more ferocious temperament, including the bone-mouthed Shar-Pei of Dali, Guangdong, which is also preferred to the Wu Tongue.

This preference for the crow's tongue is not without reason, and it also starts with the Native Pine Siskin.

The native Pine Siskin has been an excellent hunting dog since ancient times, with a strong hunting nature, not only stationed in the Tang Dynasty Emperor's hunting kennel, even the early exported from China to Europe and the United States of America Pine Siskin is the hunting nature, Europe and the United States of America in the 1900s of the "Twentieth Century Dog (The Twentieth Century Dog)," the book almost all of the Pine Siskin comments on Pine Siskin dogs love to Hunting sheep, published in 1906, "The Dog Book (The Dog Book)" also wrote that they are extremely averse to strangers.

Thus, the crow's tongue can represent a dog with native Pine Schnauzer ancestry, as well as representing a dog that may have inherited the native Pine Schnauzer's excellent hunting temperament and ability to be a watchdog and guardian.

Lions

The percentage of dogs with a crow's tongue in the two regions is about 30-40%, and ordinary Tudongs, Chaoshan Big Heads, and Bone Mouth Shar Peis all have crow's tongues, which is an indication that dogs in the coastal regions of South China have slowly incorporated a great deal of native Pine Schnauzer blood over a long period of time, and that the native Pine Schnauzer has been present in the south for quite a long period of time.

Development in the West

Today, the Native Pine Schnauzer is widely distributed in the Pearl River Delta region and Guangxi, and is thought by some to be a Pine Schnauzer "String", while the opposite is true: the Native Pine Schnauzer is the ancestor of the American Pine Schnauzer, which is the more popular breed in today's pet market.

In the 18th century, when Britain traveled with China, the Pomeranian came to the West from China. Sailors returning from the East brought the Chow Chow back to England in the compartments of merchant ships. The English name Chow Chow was a jargon term used at the time to refer to the large number and variety of items carried by these ships, and the term became a nickname for the dogs, which gradually became the English name for the breed.

(Another legend has it that the Pinehound was once known in ancient times as the Bridle xiāo, and that Westerners referred to them as Chow Chow according to their Cantonese pronunciation.)

The first European to mention and describe the Pinehound was Marco Polo, who was the first to use the term "Pinehound" to describe a dog that was not a dog. Marco Polo, who visited China in the 13th century as a guest of the Yuan Dynasty and wrote about them in his travels. But the pinscher remained obscure in the Western world until the late 15th century, when sailors and traders brought it back as a rarity in the flying clipper ships of the East India Company.

Marco Polo. Polo

Ray N. Gilbert. Rev Gilbert White In his book The Natural History and Antiquities of Seaborne, Rev Gilbert White meticulously describes a pair of puppies imported from Canton by a young man of the East India Company: "They are of the breed of the Canton of China. were raised for food in this country." He goes on to write that their hind legs are generally straight, without any bend at the knee; their eyes are black, small and sharp; the inside of their lips and mouth are of the same color, and their tongues are blue.

The London Zoo kept several native Pinehounds in the wild dog section.In 1865 a gift was made to Queen Victoria of several native Pinehounds, which were kept in cages at Windsor.

The breeding and exhibition of Pinschers in the West must have started in 1879 when a black bitch named Chinese Puzzle arrived in England, and in the following years her owner, W. K. Taunton, exhibited her at a dog show at the Crystal Palace.

Dog show at the Crystal Palace, London, 1895

In 1884 the Earl of Lonsdale imported a native Pine Schnauzer from China, and three years later gave a dog named Peridot to the Marchioness of Huntley, who then bred a dog named Peridot II. The Marquess then bred a Pomeranian named Peridot II, which became Lady Granville Gordon. This was the basis of Lady Granville Gordon's kennel.

Lady Granville Gordon helped the English Kennel Club. Lady Granville Gordon helped the British Kennel Club to recognize the Chow Chow breed as a breed that was no longer recognized only as a "foreign dog". She was also the first owner of a blue Chow Chow in Britain.

Mrs. Gordon and the Peridot

Granville. Lady Gordon's daughter, Lady Faudel. Lady Faudel-Phillips later founded the famous Amwell kennels and was the main breeder and showman until 1898.

In 1890 Miss A. C. Derby showed a Chow Chow named Takya, the first Chow Chow to be shown in the U.S.A. In that year Takya won third place at the Westminster Kennel Club show.

1895 must have been an important year in the history of the Pinehound, with Chow VIII, a native Pinehound imported from China, becoming the first Pinehound Champion, Olive Rock II winning the overall title of the LKA Championship Show, and the formation of the Pinehound Club of America that year. This was the year that the first breed standard for the Pinehound was established in the United Kingdom, using Chow VIII as a model.

While earning respect in England, the native Pinehound became a fad in the United States. Mrs. Proctor exported to the United States the Chinese Chum, winner of the first American Springer Spaniel competition in 1905 and the male ancestor of many later champions, including champions Black Cloud and Night of Asia, the foundation of Blue Dragon Kennels. Dragons, which were the foundation of Blue Dragon Kennels. The Chinese Mitten also won Best of Breed at the 1906 Westminster Dog Show.

Chinese Chum

After that, breeding and showing of the Chow Chow took off. Mrs Jarrett of Philadelphia, USA, established the first Pine Schnauzer kennel in the United States and gained recognition of the breed by the American Kennel Club.

The American Pinehound Club was founded in 1906. The French Pinehound Club was founded in 1924 by Mme Mareschal and after the war by Yvonne. Mme Yvonne Diot. 1974 the first Pinscher entered the German pedigree book.

Gradually, the lovable characteristics of the Native Pinehound became more and more well known, and the breed's popularity steadily increased from the 1920s onwards. A large number of celebrities have owned Native Pinschers, including the President of the United States, the Queen of England, an Egyptian princess, the King of Albania, and numerous movie stars.

The family of John Calvin Coolidge, the 30th President of the United States, had two Native Pinschers, Tiny Tim and Blackberry, in the White House, which brought the Native Pinscher into the spotlight and created the Native Pinscher craze of the 1920s in Europe and the United States.

The Coolidge's and Blackberry

Why the Pinehound Changed

The traditional Chinese Pinehound is known as the Native Pinehound, which includes the Pinehounds that have thrived in China throughout the ages and those that were introduced to Europe and the United States from China at an early stage; after the 1940s, new breedings were created in Europe and the United States on the basis of the Native Pinehound. After the 1940s in Europe and the United States on the basis of the original Songbird, the new breeding of the Songbird is called the American Songbird.

The American Pomeranian breed standard has been rewritten four times, with many changes in between, and in some cases the changes in the standard, as well as the interpretation of the text by breeders and judges, have directly and negatively impacted the conformation and health of the Pomeranian breed.

Before the 1940s, the Pinehound's mold in Europe and the United States remained relatively unchanged, with their open faces and moderate sizes, and the breed, an exotic dog from China, was very popular in the United Kingdom and the United States at that time.

The Pinehound in a 1915 European and American magazine

By the mid-1940s, as many other breeds had experienced, the aesthetic trend of "the bigger the better, the more hair, the more exotic the color, the more fascinating" took over, and the resultant breeding to focus on these characteristics ignored the Pinehound's original Breed characteristics and health. Many experienced breeders still skillfully add these features to an otherwise healthy and strong breed, not only decorating the facade, but also retaining certain breed characteristics and maintaining functionality.

Moving forward into the 1970s and 1980s, the Pinehound experienced a second major surge in popularity, with the benefits of the more ostentatious "teddy bear" look of the puppy beckoning breeders to the pet market, and skyrocketing sales saw the Pinehound rise to sixth place in the American Kennel Club's AKC rankings. to sixth place. Inevitably, the many breeders in the market found that the "money poodle" was not profitable for them because the breed could not be easily socialized in large packs or pet stores, and because they produced smaller litters with thicker bones and risked costly cesarean sections.

The U.S. rewrote the more concise 1986 breed standard, focusing on correcting the breed characteristics of the American Pinscher and addressing their health issues. As the standard was rewritten, breed numbers gradually declined, but after waking up from the breeding frenzy, the American Pinehound was left with new challenges in the form of health problems and genetic issues. Trouble is, selective breeding for thicker bones, bigger heads and thicker coats compromised the square shape, stilt-like gait and other good breed traits of the American Pinscher, while causing the American Pinscher to be susceptible to diseases such as entropion of the eyelids, hip dysplasia and dislocated kneecaps.

The Pinehound was ranked 74th by the AKC in 2016. Today's breeders in Europe and the United States remain positive and optimistic, committed to preserving the elegance of the Pinehound and working on genetic issues, believing that while there is room for different breeders to interpret the breed standard in their own way, the Pinehound's pure breed traits, as well as their health, will always be the primary core, and that there can be no compromises in this regard.

And in China, the country of origin of the Pinehound, the native Pinehounds that were introduced to Europe and the United States from China in the early days are still present in large numbers in the two regions of China and Guangdong, and are waiting to be treasured by the people of the country as they are naturally healthy and have maintained their excellent breed characteristics.

7. Current Status

The Native Pine Siskin is now mainly found in the Pearl River Delta region and Guangxi.

Once the native Pine Schnauzer had a large population in southern China, but now they are getting smaller and smaller due to the impact of exotic breeds.

The Native Pine Schnauzer is one of the few local breeds in China's urban pet population, and dog dealers have pushed it into the marketplace, but because it is not recognized by international canine organizations, some dealers tend to falsely claim that the dogs have noble pedigrees, such as the Tibetan lion, or pass them off as Shiba Inus or Akitas, which has led to a lot of misunderstandings among the public about the Native Pine Schnauzer.

Today, Europeans and Americans are reminiscing about the Vintage Chow (the original Pinehound introduced to Europe and the United States from China in the early days), and dog breeders in Europe and the United States are committed to correcting the genetic and health problems of the American Pinehound and restoring the Pinehound's elegance, while in the Pinehound's country of origin in China, there are still a large number of natural and healthy Pinehounds in the two regions of the country, but the ancient, excellent native breed has not been recognized by the Chinese government as the best dog breed. But this ancient, excellent native dog breed has not been treasured by the people of the country, and even most people only know the American Pine Schnauzer, but do not know its ancestors native Pine Schnauzer, it is very regrettable.

The native Chow Chow represents the original Chow Chow lineage, which is the material and cultural wealth left to us by our ancestors. Chinese people do not cherish their own things, foreigners take away China's native dogs transformed and sold back to China, the country as a treasure, which is also the development of China's native dog breeds a deformed phenomenon.

The root of all these problems also lies in the backwardness of China's dog industry. China does not develop its own dog breed standards, Europe and the United States to recognize the dog breed is the so-called purebred dog, Europe and the United States did not recognize the domestic and then famous useless, which ultimately hindered the development of China's native dog breeds, but also led to the national of the local dog breeds of the lack of self-confidence.

With China's international status improving, Chinese people's cultural confidence is also gradually increasing, and now more and more people realize the importance of protecting native dog breeds, and speak out for them. I believe that China's native dog breeds can gradually get out of the predicament and be loved by more and more Chinese people.

8. Breed Reference Standards

China does not yet have an officially published breed standard for the native Pine Schnauzer. However, the first British Pinehound breed standard was written in 1895, and the first American Pinehound breed standard was written in 1906, both of which were modeled after the native Pinehound Chow VIII that was imported from China by the UK in 1895, and which can be used as a reference standard for the native Pinehound breed.

U.S. 1906 Pine Schnauzer Breed Standard

Head: skull flat and broad, with small area between nose and forehead, and full fill under the eyes;

Mouth and nose: medium length, broad from the eyes to the end of the nose (the end of the nose is not as pointed as in the Fox);

The snout: black, large and broad. Cream or light-colored dogs are allowed to have pink noses;

Tongue: black;

Eyes: dark, small (blue dogs are allowed to have light-colored eyes);

Ears: small, pointed, erect, and tilted forward just above the eyes, which gives the breed a distinctive expression of frowning;

Teeth: strong, flat;

Neck: strong, full, firmly fixed on the shoulders, slightly arched;

Shoulders: muscular and sloping;

Chest: broad and deep;

Back: short, straight and strong;

Loin: strong;

Tail: rolled up tightly on the back;

Front legs: straight, of medium length, with strong bones;

Hind legs: as muscular as the front legs, tucked in toward the ankle (although the standard makes no mention of straight hind legs and a lack of flexion at the stifle and ankle, these are still considered to be the proper construction of a Pine Schnauzer's legs);

Feet: small, rounded, and cat-like, standing firmly on their toes;

Coat: large in amount, dense, straight, and of rather coarse texture, with a soft wool-like inner fleece;

Color: solid color, may be black, red, yellow, blue, white, etc., with no efflorescence (the underside of the tail and the back of the thighs tend to be lighter in color);

Overall Appearance: a vigorous, robust dog with a compact loin, strong build, and a tail curled over its back;

Failure to Perform: droopy ears, red tongue, tail not curl over the back, white patches in the coat, and a red nose (unless the breed is yellow or white).

The Chow VIII

The Chow VIII was a male native Pine Schnauzer imported from China by the United Kingdom in 1895, and was used as a model by the United Kingdom and the United States to develop the first breed standard for the Pine Schnauzer.

The Native Chow Chow VIII

Facts about Chow VIII:

The Native Chow Chow Chow VIII was born in China in October 1890;

Imported to England by Miss Bagshaw in 1895;

His pedigree and breeder are unknown;

He was the first British dog to win a championship title. The first Pinehound to win a championship in England;

The price of the Bridle Eight as a stud dog was ￡33;

He was considered perfect, and the original breed standard for the Pinehound was written on the basis of his morphological characteristics;

While he was a near-perfect specimen, it is said that he was violent in temperament and had many changes of owners;

At the time of the importation of him to England, by Mr. Sprengel, he had been in the hands of the Pinehound breeder, and was a very good dog. Mr. Sprengel, he was sold to Mr. Temple of the Leyswood stud;

In 1897, Bridle Eight was exhibited at a dog show in London, where he was purchased by J.V. Faber for ￡100;

This was a sensation;

While nearly a perfect example, it is said that he had a fierce temperament and changed owners many times;

In 1897, Bridle Eight was exhibited at a London dog show and was bought for 100 pounds by J.V. Faber;

This was the first time that the dog was bought for 100 pounds. and caused a sensation;

it died in 1905 (aged 15).

9. Classification of the Pinehound

The Pinehound is native to China, and is now mainly divided into the Native Pinehound, the American Pinehound and the Russian Pinehound.

Native Pine Schnauzer

The native Chinese Pine Schnauzer, commonly known as the Tuscan Pine and the Bear Dog, is now mainly found in the Pearl River Delta region of China and Guangxi.

The Native Pine Schnauzer includes the Pine Schnauzer that has thrived in China throughout the ages and the Pine Schnauzer that was introduced to Europe and the United States from China in the early days.

The Native Chow Chow

The Native Chow Chow is naturally healthy and is characterized by its blue-black or blue-black spotted tongue and stilt-like gait.

Adult dogs average 38 to 55 centimeters tall at the shoulder and generally weigh 15 to 25 kilograms. The body is robust and muscular, with square sides, a straight back, straight limbs and plump paws. The head is of large proportions, with a broad, flat skull; the ears are thick and stand in a triangular shape on the head; the eyes are almond-shaped, with black eyeliner and brown eyes; the sockets are deep, and the brows are furrowed, so that the eyes often look triangular, with a slightly naive and sad look; the muzzle is of medium length, broad, deep, and slightly pointed, and the lips are black. The neck is surrounded by a mane, like a male lion; the coat is long and dense, with a variety of hair colors, usually solid; the tail is long and dense, curling high on the back like a flower in full bloom. The whole is very natural and harmonious, beautiful and majestic.

American Pine Schnauzer

The American Pine Schnauzer refers to the Pine Schnauzer that was newly trained in Europe and the United States on the basis of the Chinese native Pine Schnauzer after the 1940s.

The American Pine Schnauzer has cuter physical characteristics, smaller size, longer body hair, shorter rounded muzzle, and thicker flesh around the muzzle.

American Pinehound

Selective breeding from the 1940s through the 1980s to obtain thicker bones, larger heads, and thicker coats compromised the original breed characteristics as well as the health of the Pinehound, resulting in the American Pinehound's susceptibility to diseases such as entropion of the eyelids, hip dysplasia, and dislocated kneecaps.

In 1986, the U.S. rewrote the breed standard for the Pinehound in a more concise manner, focusing on correcting the breed characteristics of the American Pinehound and addressing their health issues. Today's breeders in Europe and the United States remain optimistic and committed to preserving the elegance of the Pinehound as well as addressing genetic issues, believing that the Pinehound's pure breed character and their health will always be the first and foremost centerpiece, and that there can be no compromise in this regard.

Russian Pinehound

The Russian Pinehound refers to the early Russian Pinehounds that were introduced to the breed from the United Kingdom, and they are large, with a foxhound-like head, a short head coat, and an erect, dense, fine coat with a pure color, especially red.