Local Specialty Drums of China

The Tiger Bird Frame Drum (excavated from the Chu Tomb in Jiangling, Hubei)

①Jingpo Zengjiang, also known as the Great Long Drum. The drum body is a section of a huge wood about 3 meters long hollowed out, and the double-sided membrane is tightened with leather strips. Placed on two horizontal wood or hanging in the wooden frame. Two people each hit a head, or sitting on the drum, or hit while dancing. Often used in outdoor large-scale song and dance accompaniment. ② Dong drum tribute. Drum frame with a whole section of logs dug system, about 100 cm long, about 50 cm in diameter, both sides of the cowhide, slightly larger waist, both sides of the large iron ring. Horizontally suspended in the drum tower, only for festivals and gatherings to discuss major events. Cylindrical drum.

Tubular drum

①Drum. Orchestra with the drum membrane diameter of about 50 to 100 centimeters, the upper and lower cowhide. Usually placed on the drum frame, double mallet percussion. Used for instrumental ensemble and dance, opera accompaniment. Festivals and celebrations with a large drum membrane diameter of 100 cm or more, by a person or several people each with two mallets playing. ② Hall drum, also known as the same drum, the Qing Dynasty, also known as the staff drum. The same shape and drums, but smaller, drum diameter is generally 7, 8, 10 inch 3 kinds of specifications. Used for instrumental ensemble, opera, dance accompaniment and solo. ③War drum. Similar in appearance to the drum, but lower short, also known as flat drum. Pronunciation is loud, with different sizes and specifications. Mainly used for ensembles, dances, acrobatic troupes and gong teams. ④Shu drum. The drum body is flat and round, with a diameter of 22 centimeters and a height of 8.5 centimeters, and the sound is low and loud. Placed on the bamboo drum frame on the braided rope. It is an important accompaniment instrument for all kinds of rap music in the north, and when singing, the actors hold the bookplate or the pear-shaped piece in their left hands, and the right hand holds a single stick to play. ⑤ Waist drum. Legend has it that the waist drum evolved from the Capricorn drum of the North and South Dynasties. The drum body is thick in the middle and thin at both ends, covered with cowhide or mule skin, and two iron rings are placed on one side of the drum body. There are four kinds of specifications, the pronunciation is clear and crisp. Often hung by the dancers on the side of the waist, holding two mallets while dancing. Used in folk songs or festivals, welcoming ceremonies. (6) The Korean snare drum is as tall as the grass. Flat as a book drum, diameter length of about 25 centimeters, with a handle. Both musical instruments, but also dance props, with the left hand handle, the right hand stick playing. Often beat while dancing. (7) Korean drum. Shaped like the Han drum, 37.5 cm in diameter. Played while sitting on the ground, the left hand beat, the right hand mallet drum surface and drum edge. (8) Takayama drum. Shaped like the Han drum, membrane diameter 24 ~ 45 cm, for rituals, festivals, weddings, sowing and farmland insect repellent. 9 Dai drum light together. Midriff slightly thick and nearly cylindrical, placed on the shelf. Can be 1 person while dancing, can also be 2 people together. Ensemble, a person in front of the mallet side of the dance, another person in the back with a long gabion strikes, the sound of dong dong pops. 1950s, the volume will be reduced and moved to the stage, used for solo and song and dance accompaniment. The drums of the Zhuang people were used in the 1950s, when they were reduced in size and brought to the stage for solo performance and song and dance accompaniment. Shaped like a drum, single-sided cowhide, the middle of the two sides of the iron ring. Played on the ground with two mallets. Often used in festivals and drum ensembles and lion dance, dragon dance accompaniment.

Shallow drum

①Single-skinned drum, also known as plate drum, ring drum. It has been passed down among the Naxi, Dong, Tujia, Mongolian and Han peoples. The drum frame is wide and narrow, the drum surface is high in the middle and low outside, single skin, placed on a wooden frame, with 1 or 2 bamboo sticks to play, the sound is high and exciting. Used for the Naxi Dong music, Tujia silk string gongs and drums, the Dong blowing and beating band and the Han blowing and beating music and opera accompaniment. ②Dot Drum, also known as Huai Drum. It is made of thick wood, high in the center, low on all sides, and covered with cowhide on both sides. When playing the drum frame on one side of the right knee, the drum face forward, the right wrist to support the upper end of the drum frame, the fingers of the mahogany or bamboo stick strike, the left hand to hold the plate to hit the section. It is used as a drum for the Shifan Drums or Kunqu Opera singing.

Slim waist drum

①Bee drum. Popular in Guangxi Zhuang, Yao, Maonan and other ethnic groups. Yongning, Wuming and other places Zhuang called Yue drums, Huanjiang Maonan called long drums, Fangcheng Yao called Ru Duo, some places are also known as horizontal drums, tile drums, drums and so on. The drum cavity is made of forged yellow clay, with two large ends, one end is spherical, and the other end is trumpet-shaped. The center is as thin as a wasp's waist, and both sides are covered with skin. When playing the drum rope hanging head and neck suspended horizontally in front of the body, or placed on the shelf, stool, left hand staff hit the drum at one end of the spherical, the right hand beat the other end, playing standing, sitting or playing and dancing. Mainly used in the Shigong theater, Shigong dance accompaniment. ② Korean staff drum, also known as the long drum. Wooden drum body, both ends of the thick hollow, the middle part of the thin solid. The two ends of the drum body are of different sizes and have different pronunciations. Placed on the shelf or hanging in front of the body, the right hand to hold a long thin staff to beat, the left hand and fingers hit the drum on both sides. Used for long encouragement, agricultural music dance and instrumental music ensemble.

Seat pier-shaped drums and elephant foot drums

Popular in Dai, Wa, Brown, Jingpo, De'ang, Achang, Lahu, Hani and other ethnic groups. It is shaped like a goblet, with the upper mouth covered with a membrane and hanging at the side of the body. The left hand holds the edge of the drum and alternates with the right hand to beat the drum. In festivals and celebrations, the drums are played and danced at the same time. Long Tubular Drum ①Yao long drum. The drum body is long and thin, the waist is thin and solid, double masks, hanging diagonally on the side of the waist or the left hand holds the drum waist and plays. Large volume of long drums placed on the shelf. It is used for singing and dancing on traditional festivals and happy occasions. ② Wa Bamboo Drum. 100 centimeters long, made of green bamboo. The upper mouth is covered with skin, the lower end of the bamboo tube is split and tied into a girdle shape, and the lower part of the drum stands on three legs. It stands on the ground and strikes with two mallets; or the left hand holds the drum with the drum face forward and the right hand holds the mallet and strikes. Used for singing and dancing. ③ fishing drums, also known as bamboo qin or road tube. In the length of 65 to 100 centimeters, the diameter of 13 centimeters or so on the bamboo tube, one end covered with pig or sheepskin. With the left hand vertical hold, the right hand beat the drum membrane downward, is the Taoist, fishing drums, bamboo music and other musical accompaniment.

Hoop-shaped drum

①Octagonal drum. Because the drum frame is octagonal and named, the Ming Dynasty has been popular in Beijing. The drum body is flat and small, with a pair of small brass bells on each of the seven frames, another frame with a long spike, and a python skin on one side. The drum is played with the left hand on the frame, and the right hand with the fingers, or with the fingers and palms. Used in Beijing and Tianjin area of the single-string song. ②Tai Ping Drum. In the iron circle covered with donkey, horse or sheepskin, shaped like a fan. Under a handle, adorned with iron rings or cymbals, with rattan strikes on the drum, and vibration ring ring for sound. Used for Manchu, Mongolian, Chinese folk songs and dances. ③Dab. Uyghur, Tajik, Uzbek and other ethnic hand drums. Round wooden frame covered with sheepskin or donkey skin, the frame is decorated with a number of small iron ring. Playing two hands on the drum frame, the center of gravity in the left hand, hit the drum surface and shake the drum body. ④Shaman drums, also known as grab drums, tambourines, single-ring drums. Popular in Manchu, Mongolia, Daur, Ewenki, Oroqen, Herzhe and other nationalities. Disc-shaped drum, donkey, horse, cow, sheepskin or buckskin, roe deer skin, the back of the staggered belt or iron bars, tied more than 10 coins. When used, the left hand holds the belt or iron bar, the right hand holds the drumstick, and the head or body of the mallet is struck. It is used in shamanistic rituals.

Pot-shaped drum

①Nagra. Uyghur, Uzbek and other ethnic iron drums. Drums on the body of the large under the small, covered with sheepskin or donkey skin, the large drum surface diameter of 27.5 centimeters, the small surface diameter of 20 centimeters. Often a pair of two on the ground to play, two hands with mallets, two drums pitch into four degrees. ② cylinder drum, also known as flowerpot drum. Evolved from the hall drum, also known as the South Hall drum. Drum frame wooden, drum body large under the small, both sides of the skin, shaped like a flowerpot, played with two mallets. According to legend, Liang Hongyu of the Southern Song Dynasty used to beat the drum to support the battle. Now it is widely used in folk instrumental ensemble and opera accompaniment. Sometimes it is also played solo. After the establishment of the People's Republic of China, the timpani drum was developed by drawing on the structural characteristics of the Western timpani.

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