The origin of the swastika used by the Nazis.

In the history of human culture, "Wan Zi", as a symbol, has a long history and a wide coverage, and is used by many nationalities. Academic circles have different opinions on the origin of the symbol "Wan Zi", including foreign theories and local theories, and there is still no consensus.

Let me start with China.

Luo Shu contains ten thousand words.

Luo Shu can advance ten thousand words with a slight change:

④⑨ ②

③⑤⑦& amp； Thorns;

⑧ ①⑥

Under the word structure, the mathematical relationship implied in Luo Shu, that is, the relationship that is not easy to see at a glance, is clearly reflected, such as the difference between the four groups of numbers is five; On the two curved arms of the swastika, the sum of each number is equal, which is 15, and so on. In other words, Wanzi is a unique mathematical analysis of Luoshu, which reflects the internal relationship between Luoshu and Hetu in mathematics and physics. As long as the outside of the curved arm is straightened, the structural form of Luoshu is consistent with the river map. When there are Luo Shu and Wan Zi, the river map can also be omitted, because the mathematical relationship in the river map has basically been reflected. In view of the above analysis, it is better to say that Wanzi is the deformed form of Luoshu than the radiant sunlight. On the one hand, we can't see the swastika in the light anyway; On the other hand, it is also reasonable for the ancients to admire the ten thousand characters because of their worship of Luo Shu.

Exogenous theory of "Wan Zi" symbol

Some people in academic circles think that "canal" is an "exotic product", that is, it originated in India or Europe. Ancient Eurasian cultures such as ancient Greece, Persia and Babylon all appeared, and were later used by some ancient religions, such as Brahmanism, Buddhism and Jainism.

Painted pottery dating back to 3500 BC was unearthed from the Neolithic site in West Asia-Bagong site south of Persepolis in Fars province, Iran. Among them, there was a pottery figurine symbolizing fertility with a swastika on her shoulder. The decorations of Caraye, a primitive ethnic group in Brazil, also have the symbol of "the swastika used by the Nazi Party".

China's famous Buddhist scripture translator and Xuanzang translated the word "Chen" into the word "De", emphasizing the boundless merits of Buddhism. A branch of Bodhi in the Northern Wei Dynasty, translated as "Wan". Wu Zetian lived a long life of two years (693), and read "Wan", which means to gather the good fortune of the world. It was first seen in the Buddhist classic "Hua Yan Jing", Volume 65 (Volume 80) and "Entering the Dharma World": "There are seven places with ten thousand characters on the chest". Tang Huiyuan's Hua Yi: "Book is not a word. In the second year of Zhou Changshou, the main authority wrote this article, which was written in Shutian, and it was called Jideji. " With the Tang Dynasty's Selected Works, the fisherman is either left-handed or right-handed. Tang Huilin's "The Sound and Meaning of the Classics" Volume 21 says that "right-handed people should prevail." This symbol is often used in Buddhism to symbolize the light of Buddha, or as a symbol of Buddhism. Therefore, in Chinese and foreign Buddhist holy places, the word "Wan" is marked on the chest of Buddha statues to show the "auspicious phase" of Buddha, symbolizing auspiciousness, brightness, holiness and beauty.

According to records, the symbol "Zi" was introduced into China with the eastward spread of Buddhism in the Eastern Han Dynasty in the 4th century. Because the "Wan Zi" symbol has auspicious meaning in Buddhist scriptures, it later took the meaning of perfect virtue. The symbol of "the swastika used by the Nazi Party" entered people's lives in China, which was related to the translation of Buddhist scriptures and the spread of Buddhism. It has also been said that the origin of the symbol of Tibetan worship of "the swastika used by the Nazi Party" may be related to Zoroastrianism in ancient Persia, rather than the worship of the sun god.

The Native Theory of "Wanzi" Symbol

After several Neolithic sites in China were found to be painted, engraved or printed with the symbol "Wan Zi", it was speculated that they originated in China and spread to outland from China. The reason is that as early as 6,000-7,000 years ago, the pottery made by ancestors in Gansu and Qinghai had the word "Ba", and similar symbols were found in Neolithic sites in Guangdong and Inner Mongolia, so "Ba" came from the mainland. "Wu" is a variant of the word "Wu". Three thousand years ago, the word "Wu" in Oracle Bone Inscriptions was similar to the word "Wu" because "Wu" was the earliest messenger of the sun. Among the rock paintings found all over China, such as Yinshan Rock Painting in Inner Mongolia, Cangyuan Rock Painting in Yunnan, Huashan Rock Painting in Guangxi, Jiangjunya Rock Painting in Lianyungang, Gongxian Rock Painting in Sichuan, etc. There is a portrait of the sun god or a symbol of the sun god. The head of the sun god is generally round and radiant, or characters hold the sun, or draw the shape of a round sun, with a "swastika" symbol painted on the circle. The symbol "swastika" is not only found in the patterns of Gan and Qing pottery in northwest China, but also in Neolithic sites in the hinterland of the Central Plains, and it is also common in Oracle Bone Inscriptions and bronze inscriptions in Shang and Zhou Dynasties. These facts show that the worship of the word "Zi" existed long before the introduction of Buddhism.

Ancient rock paintings have been found in Tibet and Qinghai. In addition to animals, the sun and auspicious patterns, there are symbols of "swastika" in rock paintings. For example, there is a symbol of "sequence diagram of evolution process" in Japanese rock paintings found in Aritu County, Tibet. Therefore, some scholars believe that the symbol of "Zi" first appeared in Tibet and has far-reaching significance. After that, the symbol "canal" also appeared in India, Han nationality and the west, but the meaning was very different. Some people think that the symbol "Wan Zi" does contain the meaning of numbers at the beginning and is used to represent "Nine". ..... "Nine" is a sacred number and should be worshipped.

From the archaeological findings, in the Sui and Tang Dynasties, the "swastika" symbol has become the decorative theme of everyday objects. In the development history of bronze mirrors, from Tang Dezong to the late Tang Dynasty, the symbol mirror of "swastika" was popular for a while. At the site of the official kiln in Qudou, Dehua, Fujian, a Yuan Dynasty contract decorated with the symbol of "Wan Zi" was unearthed. The "Wan Zi" symbol in Qing Dynasty is a tapestry with geometric patterns on its large surface, on which the "Wan Zi" symbol is continuous.

Since the Tang Dynasty, the pattern of "Wan" symbol is very common in the costumes of Han and Tibetan nationalities, and they also contain many meanings. In the folk costumes of the Han nationality, the "Wan" symbol has been carefully processed, and the four ends of the "Wan" symbol extend to draw various chain patterns, which are long and continuous and contain the meaning of wealth. Sometimes the "swastika" symbol is inclined or elongated, and the square continuous pattern of the "swastika" symbol gives people a sense of rotation and is very decorative.

Xu An pointed out in "Tibetan Costume Art" that the pattern of "Zi" has always been regarded as a traditional pattern of the Han nationality, and people used to call it a flower ball. In fact, it originated from Qiang culture, one of the ancestors of Tibetans. If we go back to earlier times, we can see it in ancient Persia, Greece and India. Before the Qin and Han Dynasties, Qinghai was called "the land of Qiang and Rong", and the Machang culture in Qinghai was the first of its kind. Racecourse cultural sites are mainly distributed in Tibetan areas. Today, in the post-Tibetan areas, Tibetan compatriots have tattooed "Wan Zi" on the back of clothes, even on their bodies, becoming tattoo symbols, which is also common in other Tibetan decorations. ...

In addition to the Tibetan language, the stone tablet in Yongzhuze Village, Mirui Township, Linzhi County, Tibet is also engraved with a tablet seat with an arc section, which is 20 cm high and 1.6 m wide. The seat is engraved with 1 1 raised "swastika" symbol, which has Tibetan religious color. The contents of the tablet are as follows: After Chidesong Zan succeeded to the throne, Prince Kampot Gabor appealed to Zanpu in particular to safeguard the interests of small countries, reiterating that the old alliance ┅ ┅ "In the past, brothers were separated, and officials, people and gods were not divided; Today, happiness and prosperity, ordinary politics is like a permanent solid. However, nowadays, all officials in Zapune's government levy excessive taxes and tariffs, and there are bullies and abusers. For the sake of eternal peace in the future, I pray the king to give me a book of alliance and imperial edict, so that I can live happily forever.

Dr. Calme Samdan believes that one of the important teachings of Yongzhong Benjiao is to take Okura as the center of the universe, and its symbol is the ninth grade Yongzhongshan (symbolized by "Zi"), and the top of the mountain is in the shape of a crystal boulder, which is called Tancheng. At the foot of the mountain, there are four great rivers flowing in four directions, and there are four palaces in four standard directions around Yongzhong Mountain, which constitute the main area of Omur Longren. Here, an ancient "orientation view" of the Tubo people is mentioned, that is, dividing the central mainland with Yongzhongshan as the center and Ganges, Indus, Sida and Bocha as the boundaries. On this basis, some people speculate that the topographic structure of Yongzhongshan is a physical simulation of "primitive structure". That is to say, "the symbol of" is the earliest geographical symbol of Tibetans.

There is a legend in Jiarong Tibetan area that Yongzhong Benjiao originated from the local area. It is said that a long time ago, the lords in Jiarong Tibetan area were descendants of the goddess and Yongzhong Benjiao. They came back to this world to spread Forever Middle School. The fairy turned into a Dapeng bird and laid four eggs. The last one is Hua Dan, named Laxi Yongzhong, which was sent by his father God. In the Year of the Rat, Lapras visited Dezu (a leg ditch) and married the white dragon princess Yixi Tashi. When the couple paid tribute to God's father, God's father arranged for them to find a place to live and spread this doctrine. This legend is also related to geography.

There is also a legend that Lu Dongzan, the minister of Songzan Gampo, the king of Tibet, created the "Wan Zi" symbol as a road sign when he proposed to the Tang Dynasty. Later, this "swastika" symbol was handed down in Tibetan areas, symbolizing harmony, unity and auspiciousness.

The inscription on the stone tablet of the Tang-Fan Alliance in front of the Jokhang Temple in Lhasa, Tibet, says, "This grass is not comparable to the mighty king in harmony." The religious belief "Yongzhong" is a magical symbol, represented by the left hand "Zi" pattern. The word "Yongzhong", as the name of Yongzhong Temple and the name of Benbo believers, was widely circulated among Tibetan people in ancient and modern times. In Kangqu and Jiarong Tibetan areas, when Tibetans hold a wedding, when the bride wants to go to the groom's house, she should hang a ten thousand word on the place where the bride sits. It is said that in Muya, after death, a "ten thousand word" is drawn on the forehead of the deceased.

Some scholars also believe that the symbol of this religion is the ancestor's worship of the sun god, and the counterclockwise direction is the ancestor's cognition of the running direction of celestial bodies, which embodies the essence of nature worship.

With the historical process of Tibetan culture, the symbol "Zi" has been passed down for thousands of years. As a symbol of "eternity" and "eternal life", ""has a profound cultural meaning and has always influenced people's way of thinking in the deep structure of Tibetan culture.

The symbol of "ten thousand characters"

The reason of symbol "Yu" has not been lost in the changes of time since ancient times, and it has been popular all over the world, which shows that it is not a general symbol, but has its special connotation. The symbol of "Zi" is the symbol of the earliest sun god or Vulcan god worshipped by human beings, and later refers to the Sanskrit metaphor of "auspicious symbol of chest", which belongs to one of the 32 phases of Sakyamuni. Many nationalities in the world once regarded the "swastika" symbol as a symbol of ancient religions. The symbol of "Wan Zi" has two ways of writing and two meanings, namely "Wan Zi" clockwise and "Wan Zi" counterclockwise.

Today, the academic circles summarize the symbolic meaning of the "Wan Zi" symbol as follows:

1 is the word "Wan" in Chinese characters;

2. Since this image appears in Tathagata's mind, it is said that its moral is the reappearance of Buddhist "samsara" theory;

3. The image has a square structure of Chinese characters, so it is a lost "Chinese characters carved on painted pottery culture pottery in Majiayao, Gansu Province six thousand years ago";

4. Because this symbol was cast on a bronze cymbal symbolizing the kingship of Sun Yat-sen in China during the Warring States Period, it is said that this picture is a "totem symbol representing a race, or a unique symbol-family emblem", so it was transferred to a "Bai Di family emblem" of the northern Di nationality that has been prominent since Shang and Zhou Dynasties in China history;

5. The concept of "immortal soul" of prehistoric primitive Shamanism can be said to be an artistic expression of ancestor worship. "Its function is a kind of spiritual and cultural life of people in primitive society. Its own purpose is to vent emotions, express wishes, express will, pray for ancestors' blessing and eliminate disasters. Therefore, the symbolic image of "Eight" is an artistic expression of the belief that primitive religions used to unite the nation, protect the people or seek success.

In addition, there are the following viewpoints: first, it is believed that the "swastika" pattern may have evolved from the sun pattern, so this picture symbolizes "sun worship"; Secondly, it symbolizes the emergence of reproductive worship; Thirdly, it is considered that the "swastika" pattern is an abstract deformation of frog limb pattern in Majiayao culture; Fourth, it is believed that the "swastika" pattern is used for recording; The fifth is to think of the symbol of the sun or fire; Sixth, it symbolizes the wind wheel. Seventh, in the primitive Bonism in Tibet, there are auspicious and endless meanings.

Anecdotal allusion of "Wan Zi" symbol —— Premier Zhou laughed at "Nazi". In the early 1950s, Premier Zhou hosted a banquet for foreign guests in Qinzheng Hall of Zhongnanhai. The guests are full of praise for the variety, unique flavor and delicious taste of Chinese food. At this time, a soup was served, and the winter bamboo shoots, mushrooms, red vegetables and water chestnuts in the soup were all carved into various patterns, with good color, smell and taste. But the winter bamboo shoots were carved according to the national patterns, and turned over in the soup, which happened to be a symbol of fascism. The distinguished guests were shocked at this scene and asked Premier Zhou for advice. Premier Zhou also felt very suddenly about this issue, but he immediately explained calmly: "This is not a sign of fascism! This is a traditional model in China. Reading "Wan" symbolizes the meaning of "longevity" and is a good wish to the guests! Then he said humorously, "It doesn't matter even if it is a fascist symbol! Let's destroy fascism together and eat it! " After his words, both the host and the guests laughed, and the atmosphere became more enthusiastic. This soup is also for guests.

The word "Wan" in different cultures

In addition to the traces of swastika in the eastern countries influenced by Buddhist culture, swastika also plays a certain role in the Nordic cultures of Greece, Africa, Britain, France and other countries. In England, the "swastika" is an ornament; In Greece, it is synonymous with "four-cornered lion"; In India, it is a "ten thousand" ornament. The "swastika" can also be found in the remains of Native American culture, Roman culture, Celtic culture and Viking culture. In the United States at the beginning of the 20th century, the "swastika" was still used as a symbol of boy scouts, gender equality, women's clubs and the armband of the 45th Army of the United States in the First World War ... In a synagogue in Hartford, Connecticut, the swastika was used as a decorative pattern on the floor. In fact, today's archaeological discoveries show that before Columbus arrived in America, the native Americans used the character "Wan Zi" in their lives for a long time. In Germany, the earliest known history of using the "swastika" can be traced back to the Prussian era. In Central Asia, a synagogue was also found, about the 6th century BC, decorated with a swastika. Generally speaking, in all cultures, the word "Wan Zi" generally stands for auspiciousness, auspiciousness and health.

Not only that, but what's more peculiar is that careful people find that if we look at the shape of the electron cloud in the atomic model from a certain angle, we can also find the "ten thousand characters" hidden in it.

When we look at the electron cloud of carbon atoms from different angles, we will see α (α), ω (ω) and Wan Zi respectively.

Not a unique symbol of Buddhism

People in eastern countries are quite familiar with this symbol, and Indians call it ten thousand words; ; In China, people read it as "Wan", also known as "Wan", which the Japanese call it. With the spread of Buddhism, it spread to many countries in Asia, so many people think that it originated from Buddhism in India. In Indian Sanskrit, the word SVASTIKAH is a combination of Su and Asati, which means "good luck". SVASTI- the first half of the word is divided into two parts: SU stands for "beauty and happiness"; ASTI means "yes", and ASTICAH together means "existence and life", so the swastika used by the Nazi Party stands for auspiciousness and luck in India.

Cultural imprint of ancient Indo-European nations

If the swastika used by the Nazi party in India is not strange, it may be confusing that the swastika used by the Nazi party appeared in Mesopotamia 6000 years ago.

The pottery bowl unearthed in this Susa cemetery is one of the funerary objects of the ancient Sumerians. We often see ten thousand characters in Buddhist funeral ceremonies, which means that the deceased will "go to the pure land of Buddhism." Then, do Sumerians, who were 3500 years earlier than Indian Buddhism, have similar meanings in their funerals? The swastika used by the Nazis also appeared in the life of ancient Greeks. Painted pottery vessels were widely used by the ancient Greeks who lived along the Aegean coast from the tenth century to the eighth century BC, and many of them had obvious swastikas used by the Nazis. Of particular interest is the binaural urn unearthed in Sila, which depicts a funeral pattern. Three swastikas clearly appeared in front of the hearse and the dead, which seemed to lead the way. The swastika used by the Nazis is in Gu Xi.

Wax museums and buildings often appear in a continuous pattern; It also appeared on the clothes of the goddess Athena and the Parthenon priestess. And Zeus, the Greek god described by the classical painter Angel, also wore a robe with a pattern of ten thousand characters. The dress of the Parthenon priestess was decorated with the swastika, which appeared on Athena's dress. Some archaeologists believe that the swastika used by the Nazi Party can be traced back to the "cross pattern" or "sun pattern" in Indo-European national and religious arts. The swastika used by Nazis in Mesopotamia and ancient Greece may be the cultural imprint of ancient Indo-European nations. In the process of migration, ancient Indo-European peoples left traces in various places. The people who invaded India brought their Brahmanism, the predecessor of Hinduism. This explains the origin of the swastika used by the Indian Nazi Party. )

The Toxoro people who lived in Taklimakan about 4000 years ago belong to a white Indo-European family. 1977, the ancient Horo tombs were discovered in Tarim basin, Xinjiang, China, and many mummies unearthed were quite well preserved. At the same time, a pottery bowl marked with ten thousand words was found in the tomb. Obviously, the swastika used by the Nazis is also closely related to the concept of "eternal life" in their beliefs.

East and west coexist at the same time.

According to research, even in Africa, there are traces of swastikas used by the Nazis. Some African countries are no strangers to this picture. Ghana's weights for measuring gold have many shapes, among which there is a swastika. Ghanaians say that the swastika used by the Nazis is related to life and is the most auspicious number. In the traditional beliefs of the ancient kingdom of Congo, the swastika used by the Diamond Nazi Party is also a sacred symbol. Marc Leo FELIX, a Congolese cultural relic collector, said: "The swastika represents four important moments in life: birth, maturity, death and rebirth. The upper part is human, and the lower part represents the spiritual world. This is a view of the reincarnation of the soul, a constant cycle of life. It can also be interpreted as four times of the day: morning, noon, dusk and midnight. "

According to the age and geographical location of the swastika used by the Nazi Party, the swastika used by the Nazi Party appeared almost simultaneously in the East and the West, even in different landmasses, and its meaning and usage were quite similar. It is related to the very important similarities in human culture. It appears in temples and shrines, in the rituals of life, in people's yearning and hope for life, and it seems to symbolize people's prayer for eternal happiness in life, which is inseparable from faith.

The same. "Shurangama Sutra" Volume 9: "Instantly, it is like a treasure light gushing from the chest, and its light is dazzling, with thousands of Baise." Really sparse: "If you are not, there are thousands of words on the other side, and your chest is like Ji Xiangwen." "Popular CompilationNo." quoted "Huayi": "The word book is not. Zhou (Wu Zetian) lived for two years (AD 693), and this article was written in, with a sound of 10,000, called Ji Deji. "

See Chinese Dictionary, page 5 1.

Relationship with mathematics

Mathematicians have found that "ten thousand characters" seems to be a symbol that makes people dizzy and leads to wrong mathematical conclusions. If you follow the symbol "Wan Zi", you will be confused. Therefore, the original meaning of "Wan"-according to scientists, "symbolizes an evil thought."