1. What is the role of soil tillage? What is the essence of it?2. What is the basic idea of sustainable agriculture?

The role of soil tillage has the following aspects:

(1) Improve soil structure. Make the soil in the root layer of the crop moderately loose and crumbly, and form a good granular structure, in order to absorb and maintain the right amount of water and air, and promote seed germination and root growth.

(2) Eliminate weeds and pests. Mulch weeds in the soil or expose dormant pests to the surface of the ground and kill them.

(3) Mixing crop residues as well as fertilizers and pesticides within the soil to increase their effectiveness.

(4) Leveling or shaping the surface of the ground (e.g., ditching, bedding, mounding, ridging, etc.) to facilitate planting, irrigation, drainage, or to reduce soil erosion.

(5) Compacting excessively loose soil to the right density to retain soil moisture and facilitate root development.

(6) Amending the soil. Transpose soils with different textures to each other. For example, move the upper layer, which is heavier in salinity, to the lower layer, or transpose one or two of the upper, middle and lower layers to improve the soil quality.

(7) Remove rocks, brush roots, or other debris from the field.

Substance of Tilled Soil:

Natural soil is caused to be suitable for the growth and development of crops through a combination of long-term human agricultural production activities and natural factors. After human cultivation, fertilization, irrigation and drainage, soil improvement and other production activities affect and transform the soil.

For example, long-term irrigation and cultivation of rice soil, the occurrence of layer re-differentiation, the formation of rice soil with a tillage layer, plow bottom layer and hydroponic redox layer. Tillage soil is the product of human labor, is the most basic means of production in agriculture.

Sustainable Agriculture:

Sustainable agriculture is an agricultural system that adopts some form of rational use and maintenance of natural resources, and implements technological changes and institutional reforms to ensure that the demand for agricultural products can be sustained by present and future generations.

Sustainable agriculture is a kind of agriculture that can maintain and rationally utilize land, water, animal and plant resources without causing environmental degradation, and at the same time is technically appropriate and feasible, economically viable, and able to be widely accepted by the society, through the management, protection and sustainable use of natural resources and the adjustment of farming systems and technologies. agriculture that is widely accepted by society.