What traditional weapons or cold weapons does China have?

[Ge] Eighteen kinds of weapons. In ancient China, the long weapons were hitting, stabbing, hooking and pecking. Generally, it is characterized by a short blade extending transversely at the end, and the blade front is inward, and a long handle is installed to hook or peck through the enemy. The earliest stone knives, axes, sickles and other primitive tools developed into stone knives and bronze knives. The shapes and sizes of pueraria lobata are different. According to Kao's records, the specifications of Ge are: Ge Guang 2 inches, inner 7 inches, Hu 6 inches, auxiliary 8 inches, and weight 1kg 14. The handle is 6 feet 6 inches long. But in fact, the scale of Ge is not uniform. The standard Ge consists of three parts: Ge head, Ge handle and bronze statue. [Spear] A long, straight barbed weapon with a sharp blade. Assassination weapons or throwing weapons used by most ethnic groups in the world in hunting and war in the past. Appeared in the paleolithic age. The earliest spear was a sharpened stick, and later spears were all equipped with spears on the spear shaft. Total length1.5-5m. Shi Mao and bone spears were used in the Stone Age, and metal spears were used in the Bronze Age. Spears were most widely used in the Iron Age. Roman infantry were equipped with heavy and long throwing spears and spears. In the Middle Ages, cavalry and infantry used spears. In ancient Rome, spears were common weapons for soldiers on foot and in cars. Soldiers usually put spearthrowers in spearthrowers. 15 ~16th century, Russian spears mainly used edged spears made of iron or precision cast sword copper. The head of the spear head is called the spear head, and the spear head tube sleeved on the gun shaft is called the spear helmet. There is a gold crowbar ring at the end of the spear. Most japonica rice with spears and helmets are made into spheres. Before the bayonet appeared, the infantry used a light spear with a long pole, and before the 1930s, the cavalry used this spear. in China. Spear, also known as pin and plating, evolved into a gun. Spear consists of four parts: spear chop, skeleton, handle and tail statue. A spear wedge is a bladed part of a spear, with a ridge in the center line and some blood grooves on both sides. Under the blade is the skeleton [kettle], and the road is conical. Used to insert the spear handle. The handle is made of bamboo or wood, and the length is 2 feet or 2 feet 4 feet. In order to prevent the spear from falling off, there are often two loops or two small holes on both sides, so that the spear can be firmly tied to the spear handle or nailed with a rope. There is a (missing word) at the end of the handle, which is used to insert the ground. At first, sharp stones or bone horns were used as spears and tied to bamboo poles. Spears in Shang and Zhou dynasties were made of bronze and were divided into Emirates spears and Yi spears. After the Warring States period, it was made of iron. Due to the appearance and rise of guns, the role of spears weakened, and spears gradually evolved into guns after the Jin Dynasty. Anti-Japanese broadsword [gun] ancient long-thorn weapon. According to Li Qian's "Taibai Silence", when the two armies confronted each other, they stabbed the enemy with guns; When camping, the tree gun is the camp; When crossing the river, the gun was tied into a raft. A gun is shaped like a spear. First cut the bamboo pole and wood into sharp points, and then add copper or iron to judge the spear head. In the Jin dynasty, the spear head was changed to a short and pointed form. In the Tang Dynasty, the Five Dynasties and beyond, guns became the main weapons of the army. There are four kinds of guns in Tang Dynasty: lacquer gun, wooden gun, self-propelled gun and stick gun. Lacquer guns are short and used by cavalry. Wooden spearmen are used by infantry, and the other two are used by imperial guards. There are many kinds of guns in the Song Dynasty, and there are some guns in the book Wu Yao. Double hook gun, single hook gun, ring gun, flat wood gun, crow neck gun, key gun, shuttle gun, fading gun, Taining pen gun, short-edged gun, grab gun (two kinds), seaweed gun, crutch gun, crutch gun, etc. The Ming army claimed that guns were still the "first of the white blades", mainly including angle guns, arrow guns, dragon sword and guns, and javelin at hand. In Qing Dynasty, there were envy guns, pen guns, hook guns and spear guns. By the end of the Qing Dynasty, after the war was over, all kinds of pike tended to be single, with flat head and round bottom, and there were several copper hoops on the barrel, which was close to the spearhead. This kind of gun has been used in China's great workers' and peasants' democratic revolution. The revolutionary base areas in the north are called red tassels and the revolutionary people in the south are called darts. [halberd] An ancient long-handled weapon, consisting of a spear and an Agger or a spear and an axe. China poke, also known as celebrity stab, is a combination of Ge and spear, chinese odyssey. China's hilt has a straight blade in front and a horizontal blade on one side. It has four functions of hooking, pecking, stabbing and cutting, and its lethality is stronger than that of kudzu and spear. The basic shape is spears and spears mounted on wooden handles. According to Gong Ji, the specifications of the Western Zhou Dynasty are: the stamp is half an inch wide and the inside is four and a half inches long. Hu is 6 inches long, the auxiliary length is 7.5 inches, the thorn length is 6 inches, the weight is 1 Jin 4 Liang, and the handle length is 1 Zhang 6 inches. At present, the earliest bronze seals of Yi Mao and Hege unearthed in Taixi Shang Dynasty site in Tang Cheng, Hebei Province. It was widely used in Shang and Zhou Dynasties, Han and Jin Dynasties. After the Northern and Southern Dynasties, it was gradually replaced by guns and became a ceremonial weapon, which was eliminated after the Tang Dynasty. [Long Dao] An ancient broadsword with a long handle. Cutting weapons. Since the post-Han period, there are single-sided blades and double-sided blades, and the shapes and names of each generation are different. It was called crescent knife in the Three Kingdoms and broadsword in the Jin Dynasty. The blade is 3 feet long, the handle is 4 feet long, and there is iron slag under it. In the Tang Dynasty, it was called Ink Knife, with a total length of 1 piece and a weight of 15 kg. Developed from sabre and short-handled sword, it is one of the standing weapons in past dynasties after Han Dynasty. The name of ancient Dao in China. Its handle is shorter than a broadsword and can be used with both hands. The second episode of Water Travel: "Shaohua Mountain went to Zhu Wu, Chen Da, Yang Chun ... and killed Ju". [Mo Dao] A long-handled broadsword in Tang Dynasty in China. From Tang Kaiyuan to Tang Kaiyuan, "Mo Dao was first used in the army". According to "Biography of Tang Li", there was a strange knife team and a strange knife general in the Tang army. The stranger's knife has two blades, the length is 10 foot and the weight is 15 Jin. [Paidao] A long-handled broadsword in the Tang Dynasty in China. It is about 1 foot long. [Hook] A white-edged weapon that kills and captures enemies. The hook has one blade or several blades, and the blades bend inward like eagles. There are many kinds of hooks, and their performances and uses are also different. According to the history of art, it can be roughly divided into three categories: flying hooks, short-handled hooks and long-handled hooks. [Long-handled hook] A hook with a long handle. It evolved from Ge Helian. The handle is very long. It can reach 1.5 feet, mainly used in offensive and defensive warfare. 1 1 century BC, Wang Wen attacked Chengchong with a long hook. "The Book of Songs _ Elegant _ Huangdian Point" Zhu Note: "Hook the help, hook the ladder, so hook the city." Hook the long-handled hook of Zheng's descendants. In water warfare, use long-handled hooks or multi-headed hooks to cut off enemy ships and cables. Or hook an enemy ship, or it can be used to catch the head of an enemy falling into the water. When the infantry and cavalry are at war, the long sled in the infantry period hooks the enemy's lower limbs. [Hook knife] A hook knife used to destroy enemy ships' equipment in ancient naval battles. Its basic shape is a long rod with a sharp hook knife attached to it. When approaching an enemy ship, stretch out the hook knife and cut the rope of the enemy ship's mast, so that its sail falls and the wind loses, which is convenient for receiving the ship and fighting. Caesar recorded in the Battle of Gaul that the Roman fleet cut the rope on the mast of the Gaul fleet with a hook knife when it was fighting against the Gaul fleet whose ship was taller than itself at sea, putting it in a passive position. [Axe] An ancient chopping weapon. Stone axes are often found in primitive human remains. Later, it developed into bronze axe, iron axe and steel axe. There are mainly two kinds of axes: long axe and short axe. It is one of the earliest and most effective weapons in ancient times. One evolved into a ritual vessel, symbolizing power. [Long-handled axe] An ancient chopping weapon. Axe handle. The blade adds a chamber for mounting the handle. Convenient installation and flexible use, it is one of the standing weapons in the Tang Dynasty.

Projecting weapon

[Spear Thrower] A throwing device that improves the throwing distance, hitting power and accuracy of spears. Spear throwing device is a small flat plate (30- 150 cm long) made of bone or wood, which is equipped with a spear holder and a grip with finger grooves. Spear throwing device appeared in Archaean, and was found in the late Paleolithic strata during archaeological excavation (BC 1- 12000). Aborigines in Australia, Indians in Brazil and other ethnic groups have used spear throwers. [Slingshot] A bow that fires projectiles. Slingshot appeared before archery crossbow, which was originally used as a hunting tool and later used in combat. In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, there were also slingshots as hidden weapons's. The slingshot has little elasticity, and the bow grease is mostly made of bamboo, which is wrapped with beef tendon and lined with ox horn, and the strong bow is lined with steel sheet to increase elasticity. Bow string silk is also made of silk split with beef tendon, mixed with human hair and miscellaneous silk. It takes four forces to open a strong bow late. An ordinary bow has two and a half forces. If a strong bow shoots a projectile, it will kill the man. The bow is about 18 fists long. If the fist is 2 inches wide and the bow is 3.6 feet long. Generally, pellets are made of clay and micelle, and can be used when they are dry to the extreme. And steel balls. [Leaflets] Throw weapons. It was originally a hunting tool for primitive people. The ancient Egyptians and other countries also used it as a weapon. It is a thin sheet or curved rod with a certain length, angle and shape (cross, folded angle, etc.). ). After being thrown, it rotates quickly and hits the enemy with a curve by using aerodynamic principles. If it doesn't hit the target, it can fly back with its own cyclotron. Archery equipment. Originated from primitive society, the branch crossbow was originally made of rope, and then the production technology continued to develop, and the material selection, ingredients, production procedures and specifications were gradually enriched and refined. However, the basic dynamic principle and shape of the bow have not changed, that is, it consists of two parts: the bow back and the bow string. When shooting an arrow, pull the bowstring to increase the curvature of the crossbow, and use the elasticity of the bow back to shoot the arrow. Usage includes double-arm pulling and double-foot pulling (such as ancient Indian bow). Bow is a favorable weapon for long-range strike in ancient wars. From the appearance of human war to the large-scale use of guns in modern times, the role of bow is irreplaceable by any weapon. [China Bow] Ancient archery equipment. Originated from primitive society, crossbows were made of rope at first, but later on, the production technology has developed, and there are strict regulations on material selection, ingredients and production procedures. The original bow-making material was a single material, made of bamboo and wood, and later developed into a composite material, generally consisting of animal horns, tendons, bamboo, silk, paint, glue and so on. There are many kinds of bows, such as Wang Bow, Arc Bow, Clip Bow, Geng Bow, Tang Bow and Big Bow in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. The king bow and arc bow are used for guarding the city and fighting cars; Clip bows and waste bows are used to hunt birds and birds. Han dynasty is divided into tiger bow, carved bow, horn bow, road bow and Xinjiang bow. In the Tang Dynasty, there were four kinds of bows: long bow, angular bow, micro bow and lattice bow. Infantry use long bows, angle archers use them, and imperial guards use light bows and lattice bows. [Assyrian Bow] The length of the Assyrian bow string is generally shorter than that of the Egyptian bow, and the longest is about 4 feet. Bows are made of wood, and Assyrian bows are divided into angular bows and curved bows. The whole horn bow is as thick as a person, and the bow is required to be thinner at both ends and smaller when viewed from the stick. It is also used less. Both bows have buttons at both ends. A mechanical catapult. Crossbow is developed from bow, which is to fix a strong bow on a wooden bar (or metal bar) with an arrow slot and a launcher. After the bowstring is pulled out, it is magnetically fixed by the launcher, and the arrow is put into the slot, and the bowstring is connected with the tail of the arrow. When you lose your hair, start the transmitter, and the arrow will shoot along the arrow slot. Some crossbows can also fire stone bullets and inlaid bullets. So crossbows can be divided into arrow crossbows and elastic crossbows. The fundamental difference between a crossbow and a bow is that the crossbow has a time delay structure, and it is not necessary to aim with the bow at the same time. You can use arms, feet, waist, machinery and other means to lead the bow, aim calmly and wait for an opportunity to launch. The arrows fired by the crossbow have long shooting range, high precision and strong penetration. But the launching speed is lower than the bow and heavier than the bow. The earliest crossbows appeared in ancient Greece and China during the Warring States Period. Later, it spread to almost all major military countries and remained in use until the modern period of large-scale use of firearms. The quality and types of crossbows are constantly developing, and there are many kinds, such as continuous crossbows, self-firing crossbows and rocket crossbows. After the appearance of modern shooting firearms, crossbows were gradually eliminated. [China Crossbow] Zhuge Liancrossbow China has discovered that the earliest crossbow was unearthed in Luoyang, Henan Province in the middle of the Warring States Period. The crossbow arm is made of wood, copper and vanadium. Rose waist crossbow in han dynasty. Crossbow, crossbow. The basic structure of crossbow is composed of crossbow, string, crossbow arm and crossbow machine. A crossbow string is similar to an ordinary bow. But stronger. The crossbow arm is made of hardwood and is engraved with slots. The crossbow has a fixed front end and a longitudinal groove in the middle for placing arrows. The crossbow machine is installed in the back. The crossbow hunger is the control mechanism of launching. Hall 1 is composed of soldiers, knives and cows. Tooth, also called machine hook, is used to hook the crossbow string according to "Interpreting the Name and Releasing the Soldiers": "The one who hooks the string is the tooth of Sun". Hanging knife, also known as machine dial, is the trigger for beating hair. Cattle, also known as cushion machine. When stretching the crossbow, use it to hook the teeth of the knife. When the crossbow is fired, the knife is hung and the cow is loosened. The hooked crossbow string suddenly opened and the crossbow was shot. The upright part of the bud has a door-"looking at the mountain". Used for aiming, crossbow machines are combined and packed in a box called a book. In China, crossbows were first used for hunting, used in wars around the Spring and Autumn Period, and prevailed in Han, Jin and Tang Dynasties. There are many kinds of crossbows in each generation. The performance is not consistent. For example, during the Warring States period, there were crossbows, phlegm crossbows, Tang crossbows and big crossbows; In Tang Dynasty, crossbows were divided into arm crossbows, angle crossbows, wooden crossbows, big Ben crossbows, bamboo crossbows and bamboo policemen. Big bamboo pole crossbow, Fuyuan crossbow, etc. A crossbow used in ancient Rome to fire javelins. This crossbow has a bracket and can be fixed to the ground. The string is very thick and can shoot a 2-meter-long javelin, which is very powerful. [Thunder Car] China was first seen in actual combat stone throwing vehicles. The reflection of Shu Wei records that in the battle between Cao Cao and Yuan Shao Guandu in 200 AD, Cao Jun built a stone car and attacked the declining wall buildings in Shao Jun. Because the sound of the stone is like a thunderbolt, it is named Thunderbolt Car. [Ejector] An ejector driven by the elastic force of twisted fiber rope, also called a crossbow bag. This kind of thrower first appeared in Syracuse during the Peloponnesian War (43 1-404 BC) and was used in the fortress siege in the ancient Greek and Roman wars. Portable catapults are also used in field operations and installed on ships for naval battles. The structure of the catapult is to fix a bunch of twisted ropes (belts and bristle ropes) on a solid wooden frame. The lower end of the throwing rod is inserted into the rope, and the upper end is provided with a loading bowl. Tighten the rope when loading, and the lever is almost pulled to the horizontal position by the winch. When projecting, the lever strongly impacts the beam of the cross frame and throws the loaded ammunition along the crossbow track. The trebuchet can throw stones, stone bullets, metal bullets, logs, arrows, bottles and cans filled with burning oil, animal carcasses, etc. Ball bombs, incendiary bombs and explosive bombs were also thrown in the Middle Ages. The trebuchet can throw stones weighing 150-480kg for 250-400m, and stones weighing 30kg with arrows can be thrown 850m away. According to the history of Polibbi, the giant slings designed by Archimedes damaged and sank many Roman naval vessels. In Europe, slingshots and artillery were used at the same time in the 14- 15 century. Ross, there is a device similar to a catapult called a projector. [trebuchet] A large thrower that throws projectiles by relying on the tension of an object (such as the force generated when a bow or plate is bent). A typical catapult launched by button force consists of a solid and heavy rectangular frame on the ground, an upright ejection rod and two solid columns with beams at the top. The lower end of the ejection rod is inserted into a tightly twisted horizontal rope, which is tied to both ends of the rectangular frame, just below the support frame. At ordinary times, the rope makes the ejection rod press tightly on the beam on the support frame. The top of the ejection rod is usually made into the shape of a spoon, and sometimes a bullet bag is installed at the top of the ejection rod. When ejecting, first pull the ejection lever to a nearly horizontal position with a winch, and then put stones or other kinds of projectiles into a "spoon" or purse. When the winch rope is released by the trigger device, the ejection rod will return to the vertical position with great force and collide with the beam, and the inertia force generated will bounce the projectile to the target in an arc trajectory. According to research, during the Assyrian military empire, stones were thrown by machinery. It is said that about 65,438+00 kilograms of stones can be thrown 500-700 meters. Later, Jews, Persians, Greeks and Romans began to use it one after another. A steel ornament at the end of the scabbard. Another hidden weapon. Shaped like a spear, it is used to throw people. [Javelin] A short spear with an arrow, also known as "spear throwing", "spear throwing", "short spear" and "inlaid spear". Javelin was used as a hunting weapon in the Paleolithic (late Stone Age). Zhong Jun, an army in ancient Greece and Rome, was equipped with an iron arrow javelin. Light infantry in Sparta, Greece, can throw javelins 20-60 meters away. The throwing spear of heavy infantry in ancient Rome was about 1.5-2 meters long and weighed 4-5 kilograms. Its throwing spear has a long iron tip on the wooden handle and throws 30 meters. In order to make the javelin throw farther, reaching 70-80 meters, some javelins are equipped with belts to significantly increase the throwing force. Javelin is the basic throwing weapon for tribes who don't know how to use bows and arrows (Australians) and tribes who don't use bows and arrows (Aleutians). In western Europe, javelin spread all the way to the Middle Ages. In Russia, javelin is a short javelin. Javelin was first mentioned in the book The Expedition of Bangor (AD12nd century). Javelin existed in primitive society of China, but it became a conventional weapon of the army in Song Dynasty, also known as "shuttle gun". In the Yuan Dynasty, the Mongolian army made good use of javelin, with short and sharp poles. Javelin has quadrangle, triangle and circle, and most of them have blades at both ends, which can stab the enemy at once and kill him by throwing. Ming army has a kind of double-edged javelin, which is 68 cm long, 23 cm long, 7 cm long with two sharp ends and a thick middle. There is a long arrow in the middle, which can be pierced at both ends for throwing. Javelin in Qing dynasty was mostly made of wood and bamboo with iron shovel, which seemed to be made in Ming dynasty. The body also has a javelin. The spear shaft is short, the arrow is 6 inches long, the wooden handle is 1.8- 1.9 feet long and weighs less than 2 kg. Javelin made of pure iron is shorter, with a total length of less than 2 feet and a weight of only 4 kg. Those who are good at this can hit the enemy in 50 steps. [Selid spear] A short spear shaped like a javelin. It is put in a small spear bag and worn on the private side of the young man's belt. Arabs in the Near East call training cavalry with spears Saeed. During the15-17th century, Russia also used this spear to fight. In the later period, it was also called "Serid spear". The word "Cy Dao M Kou A" comes from the ancient Slavic word "CyAM Cong A" and is related to the word "COBATb". COBATb means "throwing a spear" in old Russian. This javelin is about one meter long and its head is heavy. It can be divided into blades and trousers, and there is a round and solid rod-gun rod inserted in the small tube. In the16-17th century, a metal cylinder with a notebook was often installed at the tail of a thousand sons in order to be pulled out of the gun barrel for a long time. [Slingshot] A throwing weapon, also called a slingshot. According to records, it appeared in the Nubian mercenaries in the Egyptian army during the Middle Kingdom period (about 33 BC-BC 1786). Later, riprap belt was widely used in the armies of ancient world (Egypt, Greece, Rome, Persia, India, Assyria, Macedonia and other countries) and medieval countries. It is a belt made of animal skins or throwing rod fibers, with a wide middle part and a ring buckle at one end, which is sleeved on a stone thrower or a wooden handle (long whip throwing belt) and a throwing body (goose egg load, metal ball). 16-65438+7th century grenades) drain the riprap bandwidth. Hold the ball button with your right hand and hold the loop-free end of the throwing belt at the same time. Load when you throw it. Call band, bo; Turn the top of your head for 10,000 times, and gradually use force to loosen the loop-free end: when the swing force is maximum. Fast-flying projectiles can kill targets within a distance of 150 meters. Skilled throwers have more than 10 projectiles. There are many kinds of riprap belts, which were used by tribes in Australia, Africa and Oceania until the beginning of the 20th century. Riprap belt can also be used on the projection machine (wooden gun) to increase the dropping distance. Magicians used to be the main weapons in field, siege and naval battles in some countries. Ancient Rome, Persia and other countries set up special hand-throwing units in the army, and Greek naval vessels also had special stone-throwing units.