General situation of aquaculture in China

Since 1970s, the output of world aquaculture has increased rapidly, and its proportion in aquaculture is increasing day by day. The history of freshwater aquaculture in China can be traced back to BC 1 1 century. In the 5th century BC, books on fish culture were published. There are two main types of freshwater culture: one is intensive culture of Cyprinidae fish in ponds, which can achieve high yield by feeding and fertilizing, and mixed culture of fish with different feeding habits to give full play to the productivity of water bodies. The other is to raise fry in lakes, reservoirs, river ditches, rice fields and other large and medium-sized waters, and mainly rely on natural bait to obtain aquatic products. 1986 The national freshwater aquaculture area is about 46 million mu (accounting for 6 1% of the aquaculture area), of which ponds account for 35%, concentrated in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and the Pearl River Delta; Lakes account for 17%, mainly distributed in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, Northeast China and Inner Mongolia. Reservoirs account for 37% and are distributed all over the country; Rivers and ditches account for 9%, mainly in Jiangsu and Zhejiang water network areas. The total output of freshwater aquaculture ranks first in the world for many years, increasing at a rate of about 22%. The output of 1986 is 2.95 million tons, accounting for 36% of the total aquatic products in China. Among them, ponds account for 74%, reservoirs account for 8%, and the rest are exported from lakes, rivers and paddy fields.

In addition to the traditional CYPRINIDAE fish, the freshwater aquaculture objects in China have also increased non-crucian carp, rainbow trout, whitebait, white crucian carp, Macrobrachium rosenbergii, Eriocheir sinensis and freshwater pearl oyster. Artificial propagation technology and cage culture method are adopted to provide a large number of fry for culture.

Mariculture in China also has a long history. In the Song Dynasty, there were records of artificial cultivation of pearls, bamboo cultivation of oysters and algae cultivation. 1986 The area of shallow sea and tidal flat where mariculture has been carried out is 4.88 million mu (accounting for 24% of the cultivable area of 20 million mu), and the output is 858,000 tons, accounting for 10% of the total aquatic products in China. Among them, kelp accounts for 23.7%, laver accounts for 1.6%, mussel accounts for 24.5%, oyster accounts for 6.4%, and razor clam and clam account for 17.5%. In addition, mullet, shad, perch, blind fish, prawn, seawater pearl, abalone, scallop and sea cucumber are also cultivated.