Guo Moruo Biography

Biography

Originally known as Guo Kaizhen, Guo Moruo was a famous scientist, literary scholar, archaeologist, thinker, revolutionary activist, and poet in China. Born in Shawan, Leshan, Sichuan Province, he was enrolled in a family school at an early age, and then enrolled in the Jiading Higher Learning Institute in 1906, where he began to accept the idea of democracy, and went to Japan to study in the spring of 1914, where he came into contact with the works of foreign writers such as Rabindranath Tagore, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, Shakespeare, Whitman, and so on.

In the spring of 1918, he wrote his first novel, The Lure of Death in the early summer of 1918, his earliest new poem, and in 1919, when the May Fourth Movement broke out, he organized the National Salvation Group, the Summer Society, in Fukuoka, Japan, and devoted himself to the New Culture Movement, writing poems such as The Phoenix Nirvana, The Earth, My Mother, and Coal in the Furnace, etc. In June, 1921, he and Cheng Fenwu, Yu Dafu, and other writers started to write poems. In June 1921, he organized the Creation Society with Cheng Faiguo and Yu Dafu and edited the Creation Quarterly, and in 1923, after graduating from the Imperial University of Japan and returning to China, he continued to edit the Creation Weekly and Creation Day. 1924 to 1927, he wrote the historical dramas Wang Zhaojun, Nie Ying, and Zhuo Wenjun, and in 1928, he was exiled in Japan, but in 1930, he joined the Chinese League of Left Writers and participated in the "Left League". "In 1930, he joined the Chinese Left-Wing Writers' League and participated in the activities of the Tokyo branch of the League, and in 1938, he became a member of the National Association of Literary and Artistic Circles Against the Enemy of China. In 1938, he became a member of the National Association of Chinese Literature and Artists Against the Enemy. During this period, he wrote six historical dramas, including "Qu Yuan". He also wrote historical treatises such as Ten Criticisms and The Age of Bronze, as well as a large number of miscellaneous essays, essays and poems. After the founding of New China, he was a member of the Central People's Government, Vice Premier of the State Council and Director of the Culture and Education Committee, President of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chairman of the first, second and third sessions of the All-China Federation of Literary and Art Circles, and a member of the 9th, 10th, and 11th Central Committees of the China*** Producer's Party, Vice-Chairman of the Standing Committee of the First to Fifth National People's Congresses, and a member, Standing Committee Member and Vice-Chairman of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference. His works include "Ode to Xinhua", "Dongfeng Collection", "Cai Wenji", "Wu Zetian", "Li Bai and Du Fu", etc.

The masterpiece of this period of the New Literature Movement, the collection of poems "The Goddess", got rid of the constraints of traditional Chinese poetry, and fully reflected the spirit of the times of the "May Fourth", which opened up a generation of poems in the history of Chinese literature, and is the most outstanding revolutionary romantic poems of the contemporary era. After 1923, he systematically studied Marxist theory and advocated proletarian literature; in 1926, he took part in the Northern Expedition and served as deputy director of the Political Department of the National Revolutionary Army; after Chiang Kai-shek's purge of the party in 1927, he took part in the Nanchang Uprising led by the Chinese ****anist Party; and in February 1928, because of his being wanted by the Kuomintang government, he was exiled in Japan, where he devoted his life to researching ancient Chinese society, and was the author of In February 1928, he was arrested by the KMT government and went into exile in Japan, where he studied ancient Chinese society and wrote important academic works such as "Study of Ancient Chinese Society" and "Study of Oracle Bone Characters".After the outbreak of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression in 1937, he returned to China and served as the director of the Third Department of the Political Department of the Military Commission, and then changed to the director of the Cultural Affairs Committee, uniting progressive cultural figures to engage in the resistance against Japanese Aggression and salvation movement.After 1946, he stood in the forefront of the pro-democracy movement, and became the revolutionary flag in the cultural circles of the areas under the rule of KMT. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, he was elected chairman of the All-China Federation of Literary and Art Circles, served as vice-premier of the State Council and director of the Culture and Education Committee, president of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and vice-chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress, etc. He was also elected as a member of the Ninth, Tenth and Eleventh Central Committees of the Chinese People's ****s Producers' Party. He edited the Chinese Historical Manuscripts and Oracle Bones Collection, and all his works were compiled into the 38 volumes of Guo Moruo Complete Works.

Guo Moruo is one of the main founders of the University of Science and Technology of China (USTC).

In May 1958, in order to modernize science and technology, accelerate the training of national defense construction and cutting-edge science and technology of the much-needed specialists, Guo Moruo, then president of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), together with some famous scientists, put forward to the Party Central Committee to create a new university by the CAS proposal. The proposal was supported by Party and state leaders Liu Shaoqi, Zhou Enlai, Deng Xiaoping, Nie Rongzhen, and approved by the Central Secretariat. In September of the same year, the University of Science and Technology of China (USTC) was formally established in Beijing, and Guo Moruo was appointed by the State Council as its president. Since then, Guo Moruo served as the president of the University of Science and Technology of China for 20 years, showing his profound knowledge and deep educational thinking. Under his leadership, the Academy of Sciences carried out the policy of "running a school by the whole academy and combining the departments", implemented the policy of integrating scientific research and education, gave full play to the advantages of the academy's research institutes in terms of strong teachers and excellent scientific research equipments, and gave full support to the construction of the University of Science and Technology; established the principle of combining teaching and scientific research, science and technology, theory and practice, and advocated the principle of "hard work", and the principle of "hard work". The principles of combining teaching and scientific research, science and technology, and theory and practice were established, the excellent school spirit of "diligent study, parallel advancement of red specialties, and integration of theory and practice" was advocated, a new education system for cultivating emerging, marginal and cutting-edge scientific and technological talents was established, and a democratic academic atmosphere of openness and compatibility with different schools of thought was formed, which have shown a strong vitality in the practice of running the University of Science and Technology in the future, laying a solid foundation for the long-term development of the University. All these have shown strong vitality in the practice of running the university in the future, and laid a solid foundation for the long-term development of the university. On the occasion of the 30th anniversary of the founding of the University of Science and Technology of China, a bronze statue of Guo Moruo was erected on the East Campus.

Writings

Poetry collection "Goddess", "Changchun Collection", "Starry Sky", "Tide Collection", "Camel Collection", "Dongfeng Collection", "Hundred Flowers Blossom", "Ode to the New China", "Yingchunqu", historical script "Qu Yuan" (has been filmed and released), "Tiger's Symbol", "Flower of Tongdi", "Peacock's Guts", "Nan Guan Cao", "Zhuo Wen Jun", "Wang Zhao Jun", "Cai Wen Ji , "Wu Zetian", "Nie Ying", memoirs "Hongboqu", a collection of commentaries "Rooster Collection", monographs "Studies on Ancient Chinese Society", "Oracle Bone Texts", "Divination Studies", "Yin and Shang Bronzes and Gold Writings", "Ten Criticisms", "The Age of Slavery", "Collected Essays on Literature and History", and "Collected Writings of Guo Moruo" (38 vols.), and so on.

Chronology of Events

Born on November 16, 1892, in Shawan Township, Leshan County, Sichuan Province, under the school name Kaizhen.

In the spring of 1897, he entered the family school. He studied the Classic of Poetry and the Three Hundred Poems of the Tang Dynasty, and loved Wang Wei, Meng Haoran, and Li Bai.

In 1901, the family school adopted the new textbooks compiled and printed in Shanghai.

In the spring of 1905, his eldest brother, Guo Kaiwen, went to Japan to study, and he intended to travel with him, but his parents did not allow him to do so.

In the spring of 1906, she was admitted to Leshan County Higher Elementary School. In the first semester, he was ranked first, but because of the jealousy of his older classmates, he was relegated to third place.

1907 Spring, because of his opposition to the authoritarianism of the teachers, he was expelled from the school, but returned to the school through the good offices. In the summer, he was enrolled in Leshan County High School, where he read a lot of Lin Qinnan's novels.

1908 Autumn Suffered from typhoid fever complicated by otitis media, and his hearing was damaged. During his illness, he read the ancient books of the pre-Qin philosophers, favoring Zhuangzi.

1909 Autumn Dismissed from school for participating in a strike and requesting the school and local government to hand over the perpetrator of an injury to a fellow student for punishment.

Spring 1910 In Chengdu, the provincial capital, he was enrolled in the Sichuan Government Higher Secondary School. winter to participate in the Chengdu school demand for early opening of the National Assembly strike, as a class representative, and was expelled from the punishment, for reasons not implemented 1911 winter the abdication of the Qing emperor. Returned to his hometown to organize a militia group to respond to the Xinhai Revolution.

1912, February by the order of his parents and Zhang Qionghua married, 5 days after leaving home to return to Chengdu.

In the spring of 1913, he was admitted to the Science Department of the Sichuan Government Higher School in Chengdu, but did not study.

In the spring of 1913, he was admitted to the Science Department of the Sichuan Higher Governmental School in Chengdu, but did not study there. At the end of the year, with the financial support of his elder brother, he decided to study in Japan.

In January 1914, he arrived in Tokyo. In the fall, he was admitted to the preparatory course of Tokyo First Higher School. He was a classmate of Yu Dafu.

1915 Autumn, entered Okayama Sixth Higher School. Classmates with Shing Fongo. Read Tagore, Turgenev, Goethe, and Heine, and came close to Spinoza.

In the summer of 1916, he met Tomiko Sato, a nurse at St. Luke's Hospital in Tokyo. In the winter, he married Sato Tomiko in Okayama. Begins writing new poems.

1917 Tries to translate Tagore's poems, but is unable to publish them. 1918 Participates in a strike by Japanese students against the signing of Article 21 of the Japanese Constitution. In summer, he was admitted to the Faculty of Medicine of Kyushu Imperial University. Started to publish a literary journal with his Japanese classmate Zhang Zhiping.

Summer 1919 Responds to the May Fourth Movement with Japanese students and organizes the Summer Society, a patriotic society for resisting Japan. Writes a novel, "Lamentations on Shepherds". His poems were published in Shanghai's New Current Affairs, which shook the Chinese poetry world.

1920 Correspondence with Tian Han and Zong Baihua is published as San Ye Jie. The first part of Goethe's Faust was translated, but was not published because the manuscript was chewed by rats.

1921 Took a break from school for half a year. Travels between Shanghai and Japan to prepare for the publication of a literary journal. June: Literary organization Creation Society founded in Tokyo. The first collection of poems, Goddess, is published.

1922 The quarterly magazine Creation was launched on May 1st. Translated Goethe's The Trouble with Young Werther.

Spring, 1923: Graduated from Kyushu Imperial University with a degree in medicine. Returns to Japan to engage in literary activities and edits and publishes the publications of the Creation Society. Translates the first half of Nietzsche's "Chalastrus Notes". Published a collection of poems, plays, and essays called "Starry Night".

Spring, 1924 Goes to Japan and translates Kawakami Shiu's Social Organization and Social Revolution and Turgenev's New Era in Fukuoka. He gained a systematic understanding of Marxist theory and established a Marxist worldview. Winter Returns to China to investigate the warlords in Jiangsu and Zhejiang. He writes "Below the Horizon".

1925 In Shanghai, he meets Qu Qiubai, an early leader of the Communist Party of China (CPC). He witnesses the tragic events of May 30th and writes the two-act play Nie Er. The Collected Works of Literature was published. Translates a collection of Irish plays by John Chinn. Published the poem "The Bottle".

March 1926: Yu Dafu and others go to Guangzhou, where they become deans of the Faculty of Literature at Guangdong University and carry out reforms in the liberal arts. He became acquainted with Mao Zedong, Zhou Enlai and other ****producers. The Publication Department of the Creation Society was established. In July, he participated in the Northern Expedition and became deputy director and acting director of the General Political Department of the National Revolutionary Army.

In March 1927, Chiang Kai-shek was denounced as a traitor to the revolution in a speech he made at Zhu De's residence in Nanchang. Wanted by Chiang Kai-shek's government, he participated in the August 1 Nanchang Uprising and became a member of the Presidium of the National Revolutionary Committee and Director of the General Political Department of the Uprising Forces. Introduced by Zhou Enlai and Li Yilu to join the Chinese Communist Party. In winter, he sneaks back to Shanghai to engage in literary activities. Retranslates the first part of Faust. Because of typhus, missed the opportunity to transfer to the Soviet Union by ship.

February 1928 In order to avoid arrest by the Kuomintang government, he left Shanghai with the help of Uchiyama Wenzao and traveled to Japan under an alias, settling in Ishi, Chiba Prefecture, where his movements were monitored by the police. He reads the pre-Qin history books in Tokyo's Tohan Bunko and researches ancient Chinese history. Translated American author Sinclair's novel "The Charcoal King".

1929 Writes autobiographies My Early Years and Before and After. Translated Sinclair's novel Slaughterhouse. Translated "History of Archaeological Discoveries of Fine Arts" by Mihailis of Germany.

1930 Publication of Studies on Ancient Chinese Society, which argued for the existence of slavery in ancient China. Translated Sinclair's novel Kerosene.

1931 The Study of Oracle Bone Characters, The Study of Yin and Zhou Bronze Inscriptions, and The Great Series of Two Weeks of Golden Writings were published. Translated Marx's Critique of Political Economy. Translated Tolstoy's War and Peace and Wales's The Science of Life.

In 1932, the "12-8" Incident occurred, "The Science of Life" and other translations were burned in Shanghai Commercial Press. He wrote Jinwen Congkao and Ten Years of Creation.

In 1933, he wrote "Divination", "Jinwen Yuzhi", "Ancient Inscriptions", etc. In 1934, he wrote "Examination and Interpretation of Two Weeks of Jinwen Rhetoric", "Evolution of Pre-Qin Heavenly Concepts", and "Research on Qu Yuan". He re-translated The Science of Life. He translated and edited A Collection of Japanese Short Stories.

In 1936, he wrote a number of historical sketches, which he edited as "Ragging Tellurium".

In 1936, he wrote several historical sketches, which he edited as "Rag-tellurium". Translated German Schiller's Wallenstein.

In 1937, he wrote "Yinqi ji zu jie" (A Compendium of Yinqi), and "zhuangdian zhi xian jie" (A Continuation of the Creation Decade). Returns to China to fight in the war against Japan. In Shanghai, he hosts the Salvation Daily, organizes a cultural propaganda team and a field service group to work at the front. As a non-partisan, he engages in anti-war cultural work under the direct leadership of Zhou Enlai.

January, 1938: Joined with Yu Liqun and went to Wuhan from Guangzhou to take up the post of Director of the Third Department of the Political Department of the Military Commission of the National Government. He was elected as a member of the All-China Literary and Artistic Association against the Enemy. October Wuhan was lost, through Changsha, Guilin evacuated to Chongqing.

In 1939, "Study of the Stone Drum Texts" was published.

April 1940: Excavation of a Han tomb on the north bank of the Jialing River in Chongqing in the fourth year of the Yanguang period. September: Resignation from the post of director of the Third Department in protest against the forced reorganization of the Political Department by the KMT government. November: The KMT authorities are forced to agree to the formation of a Cultural Working Committee, of which he is the director.

November 1941 Zhou Enlai, Yu Youren, Feng Yuxiang and other initiated to commemorate the 25th anniversary of Guo Moruo's creative life and 50th birthday. Compiled the Fifty-Year Compendium. Rewrites "The Flower of Tong Dai Dai".

In 1942, he wrote the historical dramas "Qu Yuan", "The Tiger's Talisman", "Gao Jianli", and "The Peacock's Guts", and translated Goethe's "Herman and Dou Lvmao". He founded the Qunyi Publishing House and edited the academic journal Zhongyuan.

1943 Wrote the historical drama Nan Guan Cao. Studied the pre-Qin sages.

In the spring of 1944, he wrote "The Sacrifice of the 300th Year of the Kashin Dynasty," which was designated by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (CPC) as a rectification and study document.

In 1945, he drafted "Advice on the Current Situation in the Cultural Sector," which called for a democratic political system. The Cultural Affairs Committee was then dissolved by the KMT government. The Bronze Age" and "Ten Criticisms" were published. Summer Leaves Chongqing and arrives in Shanghai. Goes to Nanjing to take part in the peace talks. Historical Figures" was published.

1947 Translated Goethe's Faust. He edited The Age of Youth, Revolutionary Spring and Autumn, and Heaven and Earth. Moved to Hong Kong in winter.

In 1948, he wrote Memoirs of the War of Resistance (later renamed Hongboqu). At the end of the year, he traveled to the liberated areas in the northeast to attend the New Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC).

In March 1949, he led a Chinese delegation to attend the Prague meeting of the World Congress for Peace. On the eve of the founding of the People's Republic of China, he was elected chairman of the All-China Federation of Literary and Art Workers and vice-chairman of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference. October The People's Republic of China was founded and he became Vice Premier of the State Council, Director of the Culture and Education Commission and President of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.

1950 March Elected chairman of the China Folk Literature and Art Research Association. May: The Working Committee for the Unification of Academic Nomenclature was established and he became its director. August: He leads a Chinese delegation to North Korea; November: he attends the Second World Congress for the Defense of Peace in Warsaw.

1951 February: Attends the World Peace Council in Berlin; November: attends the World Peace Council in Vienna; December: receives the Stalin Prize for Strengthening International Peace. December 1951: Received the Stalin International Prize for the Strengthening of International Peace.

February 1952 The Age of Slavery was published, establishing that the lower limit of slavery was at the turn of the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. Becomes director of the Central Archaeological Training Course. Awarded the title of Academician of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences. Honorary Academician of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences.

March Attends the meeting of the Executive Board of the World Peace Council in Oslo.

July Attends a special session of the World Peace Council in Berlin.

October The Asia-Pacific Regional Peace Conference, initiated with Soong Ching Ling and Peng Zhen, is held in Beijing.

November Attends the World People's Congress for Peace in Vienna.

1953 Writes "Qu Yuan Fugu" (A Modern Translation of Qu Yuan's Fugu); in March, accompanies Zhou Enlai to the USSR and Czechoslovakia to offer condolences to Stalin and Gotthard; in May, attends the Standing Committee of the World Peace Council in Stockholm; in June, attends the meeting of the World Peace Council in Budapest. Elected President of the Chinese Federation of Literature for the second term. Receives the title of Academician of the Polish Academy of Sciences and Honorary Academician of Bulgaria.

In 1954, he wrote the book "Guanzi ji xue" (Collected and analyzed by Guanzi). May: Attends a special meeting of the World Peace Council in Berlin. June: Attends the World Peace Council Conference on Easing the International Situation in Stockholm. Elected Vice Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress.

January 1955 Attends the International Conference for World Peace in Vienna. April: Attends the International Conference for World Peace in New Delhi. June: Attends the International Conference for World Peace in Helsinki. June: Attends the International Conference for World Peace in Helsinki. Winter: Leads a Chinese scientific delegation to visit Japan and writes "Miscellaneous Songs on Visiting Japan".

1956 Becomes deputy director of the Scientific Planning Committee of the State Council, deputy director of the Central Committee for the Promotion of Putonghua, and director of the Committee for the Revision of Hanyu Pinyin Program.

1957 The 17-volume Collected Writings of Moro began publication. June Attended the World Peace Council in Colombo

1958 September to June 1978 became the first president of the University of Science and Technology of China.

Guo Moruo died on June 12, 1978, at the age of 86 in Beijing.