China Shiqiao

yisheng mao

The bridge opening of the stone arch bridge is curved, just like a rainbow. According to ancient mythology, the rainbow is a "bridge connecting heaven and earth" after rain, and you can go to heaven through the rainbow. China poets like to compare the arch bridge to a rainbow, saying that the arch bridge is "lying rainbow" and "flying rainbow", and describing the water arch bridge as "changhong lying wave".

Stone arch bridge appeared earlier in the history of bridges in the world. This kind of bridge is not only beautiful in appearance, but also strong in structure. It can cross rivers for decades, hundreds or even thousands of years, and play a role in transportation.

Stone arch bridge has a long history in China. The "Traveler's Bridge" mentioned in Water Mirror Notes was built around 282 AD, which may be the earliest stone arch bridge on record. Stone arch bridges can be seen almost everywhere in China. These bridges vary in size and shape, and many of them are amazing masterpieces. The most famous ones are Zhao Zhouqiao in Zhao County, Hebei Province and Lugou Bridge in Fengtai District, Beijing.

Zhao Zhouqiao, which spans the Weihe River, is a world-famous ancient stone arch bridge and the oldest stone bridge used since its completion. This bridge was built around 605 AD, and it has been 1300 years now, and it still maintains its original majestic posture. By the time of liberation, the bridge was somewhat damaged. Under the leadership of the people's government, after thorough renovation, this ancient bridge has been rejuvenated.

Zhao Zhouqiao is very majestic, with a total length of 50.82 meters, a width of 9.6 meters at both ends and a narrow width of 9 meters in the middle. The design of the bridge completely conforms to scientific principles, and the construction technology is even more ingenious. Zhang said in the Tang dynasty that it was "made strangely, and people don't know why." The characteristics of this bridge are: (1) There is only one big arch in the whole bridge, which is 37? At that time, it was the longest stone arch bridge in the world Bridge opening is not an ordinary semicircle, but like a bow, so there is no steep slope on the road above the big arch, which is convenient for horses and chariots to get up and down. (2) A big arch has two small arches on each shoulder. This creative design not only saves stone and reduces the weight of the bridge, but also increases the water flow in the bridge hole and reduces the impact of flood on the bridge when the river surges. At the same time, add an arch on the arch to make the bridge more beautiful. (3) The big arch consists of 28 arch rings, just like so many bows with the same shape put together to make an arc-shaped bridge opening. Each arch ring can independently support its weight. If one arch ring is broken, the other arches will not be affected. (4) The structure of the whole bridge is symmetrical, which is in harmony with the surrounding scenery; The stone pillars and slabs on the bridge are also beautifully carved. Zhang Kun of the Tang Dynasty said that looking at this bridge from a distance is like "Yun Qi in the early month, Changhong drinking the stream". Zhao Zhouqiao's superb technical level and immortal artistic value fully show the wisdom and strength of our working people. Li Chun, the main designer of this bridge, is an outstanding craftsman, and his name is engraved on the inscription at the bridge head.

Lugou Bridge on Yongding River was built between 1 189 and 1 192. The bridge is 265 meters long and consists of 1 1 semicircular stone arches. The length of each stone arch varies from 16 meters to 2 1.6 meters. The bridge is about 8 meters wide and the road surface is flat, almost parallel to the river. There is a stone pier between every two stone arches, connecting 1 1 stone arches into a whole. Because the arches are connected, this kind of bridge is called multi-arch stone bridge. When the Yongding River flooded, it was very severe. In the past, the embankments on both sides of the river were often washed away, but nothing happened to this bridge, which shows its firmness. The bridge deck is paved with stone slabs with stone pillars on both sides. Lions with different postures are carved on each stigma. Some of these stone lions hold their mother and son, some whisper, some like listening to the sound of running water, and some like watching pedestrians. They are so lifelike.

As early as13rd century, Lugou Bridge was famous all over the world. There was an Italian named Kyle? Poirot has been to China. In his travel notes, he spoke highly of the bridge, saying that it is "unique in the world", and especially praised the lions carved on the bridge pillars, saying that they "* * * together constitute a beautiful spectacle". At home, this bridge has been praised by people. It is located on the main road leading to the capital and is beautifully built. Lugou Xiaoyue has always been one of the scenic spots in Beijing.

Lugou Bridge is also memorable in the history of our people War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression. 1July 7, 937, China's army fought against Japanese imperialist aggression here, which opened the curtain for War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression.

Why did the stone arch bridge in China have such brilliant achievements? First of all, it lies in the diligence and wisdom of our working people. Their stone making technology is very exquisite. They can cut the stone into a whole stone tablet and carve it into various images. There are many creations in architectural technology, and there are even more unexpected methods in hoisting. For example, the Jiangdong Bridge in Zhangzhou, Fujian, was built 800 years ago, and some Liang Shi weighed about 200 tons. How to install it is not fully known. Secondly, China has a fine tradition in the design and construction of stone arch bridges. The finished bridge has the advantages of material saving, ingenious structure and high strength. Secondly, China is rich in all kinds of building stones, which are made from local materials, which also provides favorable conditions for building stone bridges.

In the past two thousand years, numerous stone arch bridges have been built in China. After liberation, various types of highway bridges and railway bridges were built on a large scale all over the country, including many stone arch bridges. 196 1 year, the world's longest single-arch stone bridge was built in Yunnan province, named as Changhong Bridge, with stone arch 1 12.5 meters. On the basis of traditional stone arch bridges, we have also built a large number of reinforced concrete arch bridges, among which the "double arch bridge" is a new creation of working people in China and the only one in the world. In recent years, this kind of arch bridge has been built in China, with a total length of more than 200,000 meters, of which the largest hole is as long as 150 meters. The rapid development of China's bridge industry shows the incomparable superiority of our socialist system.