What are the types of government procurement, what are they all?

The methods of government procurement are:

1, open tender:

Open tender is the main procurement method of government procurement, which means that the purchaser, in accordance with the legal procedures, through the publication of tender notices, invites all potential unspecified suppliers to participate in the bidding, and the purchaser, through a certain pre-determined criteria, selects the winning supplier from all the bidding suppliers on the basis of merit and signs a government procurement contract with the supplier. The purchaser selects the winning supplier from among all the bidding suppliers on the basis of certain pre-determined criteria, and signs a government procurement contract with it.

2, invitation to tender:

Invitation to tender, also known as selective bidding, is based on the creditworthiness and performance of suppliers or contractors, the purchaser selects a certain number of legal persons or other organizations (can not be less than three), to which the invitation to tender is issued to invite them to participate in bidding competitions, from which the winning supplier is selected as a procurement method.

3, competitive negotiation:

Competitive negotiation refers to the purchaser or agent through negotiations with a number of suppliers (not less than three), and finally determine the winning supplier from a procurement method.

4, single-source procurement:

Single-source procurement, also known as direct procurement, refers to the purchaser to the only supplier of procurement. Applicable to the purchase of limited standards and open bidding amount of standards, but the source of the goods purchased from a single channel, or is patented, the first manufacturing, contract additions, the original procurement program of the subsequent expansion and the occurrence of unforeseen emergencies can not be procured from other suppliers and so on. The most important feature of this procurement method is the lack of competition.

China's "Government Procurement Law" stipulates that China's government procurement methods are: open tendering, invitations to tender, competitive negotiation, single-source procurement, request for quotations, and the State Council's government procurement, supervision and management of other procurement methods recognized by the department. Open tendering shall be the main procurement method of government procurement.

Expanded Information:

Several disadvantages of the traditional government procurement methods:

1. High procurement costs :

In the traditional government procurement activities, due to the use of manual as well as telephone, fax and other contact information, communication, travel and other costs remain high. Restricted by the conditions, the choice of suppliers is very small, and can not make adequate price comparisons. Also due to the government procurement in the procurement catalog is adjusted very frequently, the procurement department to ensure that the procurement of materials in place in a timely manner often do not take into account the issue of procurement costs.

2. Low procurement efficiency:

In the traditional government procurement methods, the procurement unit to apply to fill out a variety of forms, stamped approval at all levels, a long time, the procedures are extremely cumbersome; for the Government Procurement Center, through the press and other channels to publish procurement announcements, organize meetings, invite experts to evaluate, organize receptions, etc., is not only time-consuming and costly, and the results are poor; for the bidding supplier For bidding suppliers, because there is no centralized and fixed place to obtain tender information, in order to participate in the bidding must be many times back and forth, spending a lot of travel expenses, not to mention, will also have an impact on the normal production and business activities of enterprises. At the same time, the procurement activities of a large number of paper vouchers may also be due to an error or omission of a single document and affect the entire procurement process.

3. Procurement information lack of communication and *** enjoy:

The traditional government procurement activities due to the lack of real-time, dynamic, two-way interactive means of communication, so that the government procurement information can not be timely communication and *** enjoy. Due to the business sector "their own way", concerned about the different perspectives, resulting in procurement information in different departments of the government can not be timely and smooth flow, affecting the normal conduct of the procurement process, and sometimes also produce the procurement of materials and the actual demand does not match the situation, not only resulting in a waste of resources, but also may be delayed in the normal development of the work of government departments.

4. Purchasing scope by the geographical limitations:

In the traditional procurement business, the procurement department to choose the supplier to a large extent by the limitations of geographic location, and even some of the government procurement department artificially set up barriers to the exclusion of the outside of the new, more excellent suppliers to enter, which will inevitably result in the purchase of materials, "poor quality and high price! "This will inevitably lead to the procurement of materials "inferior quality and high price", can not well reflect the requirements of government procurement "open, fair, just" and "value for money" principle.