Representative operas in Henan

There are three local operas in Henan-Henan Opera, Quju Opera and Yuediao Opera. Henan Opera has been continuously inherited, reformed and innovated on the basis of Henan Bangzi. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, Henan was called Henan Opera for short. Henan Opera is famous for its sonorous singing, moderate intonation, clear articulation, mellow charm, liveliness, flesh and blood, and being good at expressing the inner feelings of characters. It is widely welcomed by people from all walks of life for its high artistry. Because its music accompaniment takes jujube bangzi as the beat, it was named Henan Bangzi in the early days. 2018165438+128 October, the general office of the Ministry of Education announced that Henan University was the inheritance base of excellent Chinese traditional culture of Henan Opera.

Due to the differences of pronunciation in different places, Henan opera has formed an artistic school with regional characteristics in music. At the end of the Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China, Henan operas in Luoyang and other places mostly used the lower five tones, while those in Kaifeng and other places used the upper five tones, which formed a sharp contrast. In order to distinguish, Henan opera artists call the vocals in Luoyang and other places the Western Henan Tune (also known as Xifu Tune) and the vocals in Fengqiu the Eastern Henan Tune (also known as Xiangfu Tune). After the founding of New China, Henan Opera experts subdivided the Eastern Henan Opera into Xiangfu Opera, Eastern Henan Opera and Sha Hetiao Opera. This division has been widely recognized, that is, the auspicious sound centered on Fengqiu; Eastern Henan tune centered on Shangqiu; The western Henan transfer is centered on Luoyang; Sha Hetiao, also known as "Tubang", is popular in the Shahe region of southeast Henan.

There are more than 300 kinds of traditional accompaniment cards in Henan Opera, including suona card 130, flute card-20 and string card 170. Commonly used suona qupai include Chunlai, Dongshan, Xiaohan Dongshan, Dataohong, Xiaotaohong, Damen, Xiaomen, Dafengsongsong, Xiaofengsongsong, Wenwen, Wu, Shuilongyin, Xinshuiling, Zhegui Guizhi, Yanjialing, Shanpo Yang, Suona Pi, and dolls. Commonly used flutes include Chao, Wu, Crying Emperor, Song, Pomegranate Flower, Flower Song, Hundred Birds Facing the Phoenix, Chicken Crawling, Small Door Opening, etc. There are small gardens, nine rings, misspelled flowers, little red shoes, bitter music, waves of sand, oil gourd, embarrassment, abacus, marriage and so on. The main instruments in the martial arts field of Henan Opera Band are Bangu, Tanggu, Gong, Clam, Xiao Gong and Bangzi. The vocal structure of Henan Opera belongs to plate variation, which mainly consists of four vocal plates: Ba 'er, Adagio, Running Water and Sanban.

Quju is one of the traditional operas that mainly spread in Henan province. It is developed on the basis of the local popular Quyi drum songs (Luoyang songs and Nanyang songs) and stilt walking performances. At first, performers sang while walking on stilts, and then gradually developed into high-platform music. Because the tunes come from traditional folk dramas, the lyrics are easy to learn, and most of them are sung in their own voices, and the performances are quite close to life, and the spread speed is extremely fast.

Quju music can be traced back to Henan Daguzi music, which was sung by sitting in class. On 1926, Le Tong Society, composed of farmers in Linru County (now Ruzhou City), first entered the stage of Dengfeng County, and officially developed into a kind of traditional opera in China. Among them, "stilt song" is a qualitative leap from folk song and dance to "Gao Tai song", a formal form of opera. When the stilt kidnapper was removed, the actor stepped onto the stage of drama.

Yuediao is one of the local operas in Henan Province. Mainly popular in Henan, northwest Hubei, southeast Shaanxi, northwest Anhui, southeast Shanxi, south-central Hebei, Beijing and other provinces and cities. The main musical instruments in the early musical tune were the trunk and the four strings, which were later commonly used to remove beards.