Nanling (Watershed of Yangtze River and Pearl River Basin and the surrounding mountains) Details

The Nanling is the general name given by the imperial court and its associates to the mountainous region to the south of the state of Chu (Xiang-Gui-Gan-Guangdong connected area) from the early Qin and Han dynasties, and later inherited its name, so the Nanling refers to the mountainous region connected to the four provinces (districts) of Hunan Province, Jiangxi Province, Guangdong Province, and Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region of China. Scope: from Guilin City in Guangxi in the west, to Dayu County in Ganzhou City, Jiangxi in the east, the northern line is the southern part of Shaoyang City in Hunan Province - most of Yongzhou City - the southern part of Chenzhou City, and the southern line is the northern part of Hezhou City in Guangxi Province - the northern part of Qingyuan City in Guangdong Province in the area of Lianyang -North of Shaoguan City.

The South Ridge is a name established in the Qin and Han Dynasties (the related concept is Lingnan), which is the watershed of the Yangtze River system (Ridongting Lake system - Poyang Lake system) and the Pearl River system and its surrounding mountains, and is not a contemporary general term for the southern mountain ranges, and therefore does not generally include the Yunling Mountain Range in Yunnan, the Miaoling Mountain Range in Guizhou, the Dajiao Mountain Range in Guangxi, the Dagui Mountain Range in Guangdong, and the JiuLian Mountain Range in Guangdong, among others. etc.

The South Ridge is larger than the Five Ridges: the South Ridge and the South Ridge are both regional concepts, and the Five Ridges are representative of the mountains in the South Ridge, and the early Qin and Han dynasties, a major southward marching routes related to the five strategic sites were highlighted and called the Five Ridges, that is, the Vietcheng Ridge, Dupang Ridge (Jieyang Ridge), Mengzhu Ridge, Riding Field Ridge, and Dayu Ridge, and then generalized to the mountains and even mountain ranges in which they are located.

Other mountain ranges in the South Ridge: Ocean Mountains in Guilin, Jiuyi Mountain in Yongzhou, Xianghua Ridge in Chenzhou, Qiwei Mountain and Dadong Mountain in the northern part of Qingyuan, Dayaoshan and Weiling in the northern part of Shaoguan, Qingyun Mountain Range (with the main peaks on the border of the two provinces) and Jiulian Mountain (with the main peaks close to the provincial border) in Quannan County in the southern part of Shaoguan, and Sanbashan (the crossroads of the three provinces) in the southeastern part of Ganzhou, etc.

Basic information: The name of this mountain range is "Yue Cheng Ridge".

Basic introduction Chinese name : Nanling North latitude : 24 ° 00 ′ ~ 26 ° 30 ′ East longitude : 110 ° ~ 116 ° East-West length : to be determined Nature : the largest mountain range in the south and an important natural geographic boundaries Five Ridges : Yuecheng, Du Pang, Mengzhu, ride the field, Dayu Category : mountain range Climate type : subtropical monsoon climate Neighboring attractions : Nanling National Forest Park Attractions : peaks Geomorphology : mountain heights, dangerous. Rainfall Location ：Nanling Mountain Range Center Attractions Level ：National Nature Reserve Introduction, Range, Five Ridges as a representative of other mountain ranges, geographic location, watershed features, has its own characteristics, not limited to the watershed, similar to the north and the south, geomorphological features, geology and geomorphology, flora and fauna, soils and minerals, the South Ridge of the wildlife, climatic features, geographic boundaries, the south for the south of the Ridge, tourism resources, scenic spots, Overlook: the torn Earth, look up: flying ladder, far view: waterfalls, close exploration: underground forests, itinerary suggestions, special tips, transportation guide, Introduction Scope Nanling (Nan Mountains, also known as Nan Ling), southern China, Hunan (four of the five mountain ranges involved in Hunan), Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region (three), the general name of the border mountain system. Nanling is the general name given by the court and its related personnel to the mountainous region south of the state of Chu (Xiang-Gui-Gan-Guangdong) since the early Qin and Han dynasties (during the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, he had already ruled over Nanhai County, which is now in northern Vietnam, and the location of "Nan" changed), and later people inherited the name, so Nanling refers to the mountainous region of China's Hunan Province (Xiang), Jiangxi Province (Gan), Guangdong Province (Guangdong), and Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region (Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region). Therefore, the Nanling refers to the mountainous region connected to four provinces (regions) of China, namely Hunan Province (Xiang), Jiangxi Province (Gan), Guangdong Province (Yue) and Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region (Gui). The Five Ridges is only the part of the area related to the major military sites of the Qin and Han Dynasties. Specific scope: from the northeast and east of Guilin City, Guangxi Province in the west (involving Yuechengling and Dupangling), to Dayu County, Ganzhou City, Jiangxi Province in the east, etc. (Dayu Ridge), the northern line is the southern part of Shaoyang City, Hunan Province (involving Yuechengling) - the majority of Yongzhou City (involving Yuechengling, Dupangling, and Mengzhu Ridge) - the southern part of Chenzhou City (Jiedian Ridge), and the southern line is the southern part of Hezhou City, Guangxi Province (involving Hezhou City). northern Hezhou City (involving Du Pangling and Mengzhuling) - the Lianyang Mountains (Lianshan Mountain Range and Yangshan Mountain Range), etc., in the Lianyang area of northern Qingyuan City, Guangdong Province (outside the Five Ridges) - northern Shaoguan City (involving Dayu Ling), and southern Ganzhou City (Three Hundred Mountains). Boundaries: To the northwest, the 80-mile Danshan Mountain is the southern remnant of the Xuefeng Mountain Range, and just to the southeast of it belongs to the Yuecheng Ridge zone (near which is the first peak in South China, Cat'er Mountain). To the northeast, the Dongjiang Reservoir in Chenzhou City is the dividing line, and to its northeast is the Luoxiao Mountains. To the east, Sanbaishan Mountain in Gannan is also the watershed of the Beijiang River, a Yangtze River system - Pearl River system. The South Ridge is a name established in the Qin and Han dynasties (related to the concept of Lingnan), and is the watershed between the Yangtze River system (the Dongting Lake system - Poyang Lake system) and the Pearl River system and its surrounding mountains, not the southern mountain ranges as they are generally known in contemporary times, and thus generally excludes the Yunling Mountains in Yunnan, the Miaoling Mountains in Guizhou, and so on - they are not the dividing line between the Yangtze River and Pearl River, and they do not constitute the southern mountains. -They are not the watersheds of the Yangtze and Pearl Rivers and their surrounding mountains. Represented by the Five Ridges Various maps of China show the Five Ridges and other mountain ranges along the South Ridge, so the South Ridge is represented by the Five Ridges. The Five Ridges are the Yuecheng Ridge, Dupang Ridge (Jieyang Ridge), Mengzhu Ridge, Jietian Ridge, and Dayu Ridge (three of which are between Xianggui and Gui). Changes in the designation of the Five Ridges: from ridge to mountain. In the early Qin and Han dynasties, they were the five strategic military fortresses (south of the state of Chu), referring to the mountain ranges or platform ranges, and were later used to refer to the mountains or even mountain ranges in which they were situated (mountain ranges include the main mountains, the major branches, and the remaining veins). For example, Yuechengling first referred to a military fortress stationed in the north of Xing'an County in present-day Guangxi during the construction of the Lingqu (a channel connecting the Yangtze River and the Pearl River) by Emperor Qin Shihuang, and Dayu Ling, which was a fortified terrace ridge (with the Yu Ling and Meiling ancient paths) in the early days, was later generalized to refer to the large mountains or even mountain ranges where the ridge was located. Other mountain ranges The relationship between the Five Ridges and the South Ridge: The South Ridge and the South Ridge are both regional concepts, and the Five Ridges are only representative mountain ranges of the South Ridge, which are of different sizes. The South Ridge is the general name given by the court and its associates to the mountainous region south of the state of Chu (Xiang-Gui-Gan-Guangdong) since the early Qin-Han period, in which the five strategically important places associated with the major southward marching routes in the early Qin-Han period were highlighted and called the Five Ridges (all of which have Qin-Han period military sites). Also included in the Five Ridges are the neighboring Ocean Mountains of Guilin, the Jiuyi Mountains of Yongzhou, the Xianghua Ridge of Chenzhou, the Qiwei Mountains and the Dadong Mountains in the Lianyang area of northern Qingyuan, the Dayao Mountains in northwestern Shaoguan, and the Uiling Uiling in the north (which in ancient times was known as the Xiaoyu Ridge, and therefore the Uiling Pass was once called the Xiaoyu Ridge Pass by some), the Qingyun Mountains in northeastern Shaoguan spanning the Quannan County in southern Ganzhou (the main peaks of which are on the border of the two provinces), and the JiuLian Mountains (the main peaks of which are is near the provincial border), and the Sanbai Mountains in southeastern Ganzhou across three provinces (the intersection of the three provinces), which are larger than the Jidingtianling (there are differing accounts as to whether the Yangming Mountains in Yongzhou City, Hunan Province, which are very large and in the Xiangjiang River system, are part of the South Ridge). It stretches 1,400 kilometers east to west from northwestern Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, through southern Hunan Province and southern Jiangxi Province to northern Guangdong Province. Separates the Yangtze and Pearl River valleys. Heights are generally around 1,000 meters. A few granite peaks are 1,500 meters above sea level. Such as Miaoer Mountain (2,142 meters), the main peak of Yuechengling Zhenbao Ding (2,138 meters), the main peak of Dupangling Leek Ling (2,009 meters), the main peak of Mengzhuling Shanmatang Ding (1,787 meters), and Riding Tianling (1,510 meters). There are low valleys and basins between the mountain ranges. The basin in the western part of the South Ridge is mostly composed of limestone, forming karst landforms; the basin in the eastern part of the South Ridge is mostly composed of red gravel, forming Danxia landforms through weathering and erosion. "Danxia" is named after the Danxia Mountain on the southwest side of Dayu Mountain. Valley passes constitute the north-south transportation aperture, mainly: a Guiling Road, in the Yuechengling and Ocean Mountains between the low. The Lingquan Canal (i.e. Xing'an Canal) was dug between the upper reaches of the Gui River and the upper reaches of the Xiangjiang River between 221 and 206 B.C.E. It was the only waterway connecting the Yangtze River system and the Pearl River system, and the present Xianggui Railway also passes through here. The second is the Folding Road, along the North River upstream Wushui Valley through the Beijing-Guangzhou Railway through this. Three for the Meiling Road, the Northwest River upstream of Zhenshui Valley of Nanxiong, over the Dayu Ling of the small Meiguan to the upper reaches of the Gan River, for the communication between Guangdong and Jiangxi's main access road. The height of the Nanling is not large, but it plays an important role in blocking the cold wave from the south and the typhoon from the southeast. The climate south of the Nanling is warm all year round, with few frosts and snows. North of the South Ridge winter is relatively cold, common snow, thus becoming an important demarcation of natural geography. Nanling area in the Yanshan movement in the period of a large number of granite intrusion into the upper crust of the earth, in the high temperature and high pressure under the action of the formation of rich non-ferrous metal ores, including tungsten, antimony ore is the most abundant, for the world's most concentrated origin. Geographic location Located in China's Hunan Province (Hunan) Jiangxi Province (Gan) Guangdong Province (Guangdong), Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, four provinces (regions) border. About when the latitude 24 ° 00 ′ ~ 26 ° 30 ′, longitude 110 ° ~ 116 °. Features of the Watershed Range The South Range is the watershed between the Yangtze River system (Dongting Lake system - Poyang Lake system) and the Pearl River system and its surrounding mountains. Yuechengling Mountain Range at the west end: in the north, it is the east source of Zijiang River in the Dongting Lake system, and in the south, it is the source of Xiangjiang River in the Dongting Lake system in Xing'an County, Guilin City, Guangxi Province; at the same time, Xing'an and Lingchuan Counties in the southwestern corner of the Yuechengling Mountain Range are the source of several branches of the Xijiang River in the Zhujiang River system in Guilin City, Guangxi Province, so the famous Lingqu Canal was constructed here during the period of Emperor Qin Shi Huang's southward campaign to conquer Guilin. Lingqiu was built here during the Qin Shi Huang's southern expedition to Guilin to communicate between the Yangtze River system and the Pearl River system, and to transport people and materials from the Xiangjiang River system to Guilin, and later Guilin County was established. Jietianling is the watershed between Lei Shui, a tributary of the Xiangjiang River, and Wushui, the source of the North Jiangxi River in the Pearl River system. The Dayuling Mountain Range at the eastern end is the watershed between the source of the Gan River in the Poyang Lake system and the Beijiang River in the Pearl River system. Several other mountain ranges are also such watersheds. Not limited to watersheds The watershed is relatively small, while the surrounding mountains are large. The South Ridge has watershed features, but is not limited to watersheds. For example, the part of the Yuecheng Ridge in Hunan is all in the Dongting Lake system (the sources of the Zijiang River and the Xiangjiang River both penetrate deep into Guangxi's Guilin City, one in Resources County and the other in Xing'an County, near the Lingqu River), and only the southwestern portion of the entire Yuecheng Ridge is a part of the Yangtze River-Pearl River watershed, that is, the majority of the Yuecheng Ridge's segments are not characterized by watersheds. Similarity between North and South The South Ridge Nanling The South Ridge is a demarcation line that divides North and South: south of the Ridge is Guangdong-Guizhou, north of the Ridge is Xiang-Gan; one side of the Ridge belongs to South China, and the other side belongs to Jiangnan. The South Ridge is a link, the north and south are very tightly linked, Lingnan Lingbei, you have me, I have you, each other indistinguishable. This link is the similarity of the South Ridge. 1, the similarity lies in the thing South Ridge is a mountain range, but there are mountains not even veins, was divided into five piles: Dayu Ridge, riding the field ridge, all the Pang Ridge, Mengzhu Ridge, Yuecheng Ridge --- so the South Ridge is also known as the "Five Ridges! ". The original South Ridge after a number of orogenic movement, originally east-west tectonic line by the Huaxia-style north-east tectonic line of interference, thus appearing fragmented, the formation of a number of north-south, northeast-southwest oriented valleys, the river immersed in them, the passes of the valleys have become the North-South traffic aperture. Multiple orogenic movement, but also make the South Ridge area of frequent magmatic activity, so the South Ridge mountains are mostly granite body composition, so the South Ridge mountains more mineral deposits, especially tungsten, tin, aluminum, zinc and other non-ferrous metals known. Nanling's valley is also very distinctive, it is by the red mineral rock or green chert and other weak bedrock composition, coupled with the Nanling is located in the subtropical region of southern China, high temperature and rainy, rain erosion effect is obvious. Under the erosion of rainwater, the red mineral rocks in the valley appear many upright and handsome red rocks of terracotta, which form a very beautiful scenery against the background of the surrounding subtropical evergreen trees, such as Danxia Mountain, Jinyan and Jinji Ling in northern Guangdong, and Feitian Mountain and Bianjiang in southern Hunan. Because this kind of scenery is most typical of Danxia Mountain, it is also called "Danxia Landform" by geologists. If the valleys are limestone, under the erosion of rainwater, another kind of landform is developed - Karst Landform (named after a place in the former Yugoslavia). Karst landforms (also known as karst landforms), more out of the scenery, the peaks and caves into the sky is characterized by the Guilin landscape A world A is them. In addition to Guilin, Zhongguoyan in northern Guangdong and Jiuyi Mountain in southern Hunan are also well-known scenic spots. Villages in the South Ridge of Southern China 2. Similarity lies in the people Examining the map of China and looking at the South Ridge, you will find a phenomenon: the South Ridge region is distributed with many Yao people's administrative areas, such as: Guangdong Province, there are Liyuan Yao Autonomous County, Liannan Yao Autonomous County, Lianshan Zhuang Yao Autonomous County; Hunan Province, there are Jianghua Yao Autonomous County; Guangxi Province, there are Jianghua Yao Autonomous County; Guangxi Province, there are Jianghuazhou Yao Autonomous County. Jianghua Yao Autonomous County in Hunan Province; Fuchuan Yao Autonomous County and Jinxiu Yao Autonomous County in Guangxi Province. ...... As for some Yao autonomous townships, they are even more densely populated, so much so that one of the remaining veins of the Nanling Mountains in Guangxi Province is called the Dayaoshan Mountains. Nanling Yes, the Nanling Mountains are the largest Yao settlement in China, so the Yao people also have a nickname - China's "high mountain people". However, this kind of nickname not only belongs to the Yao people also belongs to the Han people, one of the Han people - the Hakka people have been called the Han people in the "high mountain nation". Many people only know that the mountainous areas along the border of Fujian, Guangdong and Gan provinces are the settlement areas of the Hakka people, but they do not know that this is only in terms of population density, and if we talk about the scope of the Hakka people, the Nanling area should be the largest Hakka people's settlement areas. The Hakka people should have started from the old settlements in Fujian, Guangdong and Gan, migrated westward along the Nanling and then spread along the two wings to the southwest of China, Southeast Asia and overseas. Why did the Hakka migrate along the Nanling? I. The original settlement is too small and mountainous, can not carry so many people, must be outward to expand the space; Second. Nanling is a subtropical region, plants and animals grow vigorously, can provide a rich food source; three. The Nanling is mountainous, and the labor and lifestyle of the mountainous Yao and Hakka people are adapted to the natural conditions of the north and south. In the mountainous areas of the north and south, the Yao people on the mountains and the Hakka people at the bottom of the mountains are the same "mountain people" who get along with each other happily. This similarity also lies in the language and habits of the people, Nanling is the junction of four provinces, it is reasonable to say that the language will be very complex, but they are more unified to speak the Hakka dialect, and when communicating with the outside world, no matter adults or children, but also speak a mouthful of "official" - a kind of language with the characteristics of the obvious northern dialect. On the map of China, among the series of famous mountains and rivers, Nanling is really an inconspicuous mountain range, but it is this inconspicuous mountain range, but because of its unique soil and water to breed the flavor of the local characteristics. Geomorphological features Nanling in a narrow sense refers to the Yuecheng Ridge, Dupang Ridge, Mengzhu Ridge, riding field ridge, Dayu Ridge 5 mountain ridge, also known as the Five Ridges. The South Ridge in a broader sense also includes Miaoer Mountain, Ocean Mountain, Jiuyi Mountain, Xianghua Ridge, Yaoshan Mountain, and Jiulian Mountain. Nanling Geology and Geomorphology The Nanling is one of the famous latitudinal tectonic belts in China, the base of which was formed by the Caledonian Movement. The Yanshan Movement became the dome and dorsal tectonics, forming the Nanling. The core is granite body, the overlying rock layers are mostly Devonian hard sandstone and Carboniferous tuff, in which the hard sandstone mostly forms sharp peaks and ridges, such as Hat Peak and Ivory Fairy, etc. However, after the hard sandstone is eroded, the granite body is completely exposed, often forming *** mountains, such as Riding Field Ridge and Fragrant Flower Ridge, etc. The direction of the mountains is either northeast-southwest or southwest-southwest. Mountain direction or northeast - southwest, such as Mengzhu Ridge, Du Pang Ridge, Yue Cheng Ridge; or positive east-west, such as Dayu Ridge; riding field Ridge is a block mountain, the mountain pattern is not clear, but in terms of the giant view, the South Ridge is still east-west direction of the mountains. Nanling terrain is not high, only more than 1,000 meters above sea level (the highest peak is the Cat's Hill of Yuechengling, 2142 meters above sea level), the terrain is more broken. Mengzhu Ridge is about 130 kilometers long and 50 kilometers wide, with the highest peak, the top of Shanmatang, at an elevation of 1,787 meters. Du Pang Ridge elevation of 800 ~ 1800 meters, the highest peak leek ridge elevation of 2009 meters. Riding field ridge highest peak elevation of 1570 meters. Between the mountains and ridges are interspersed with low valleys and basins. The western part of the basin is mostly composed of limestone, forming karst landforms; the eastern part of the basin is mostly composed of red gravel, formed by weathering and erosion of Danxia landforms. The low valley passes constitute the north-south transportation orifices, and there are three main ones: one is the Guiling Road, between Yuechengling and Ocean Mountain. The ancient Lingqu and modern Xianggui Railway pass through it. The second is the Folding Ridge Road, through which the Beijing-Guangzhou Railway, Beijing-Guangzhou High Speed Railway and Gan-Shao Railway pass. The third is the Meihua Road, which is the main passage between Guangdong and Jiangxi. Flora and Fauna Soil and Minerals The zonal vegetation of Nanling is subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest, mostly distributed at an altitude of 800 meters below. The main tree species is camphor of Camphoraceae, followed by red vertebrae, white vertebrae, rice vertebrae, red edge, white edge and so on of Crustacea. The community structure of broad-leaved evergreen forest can be generally divided into 4 layers: the upper layer is vertebrae and rafters; the second layer is camphor, wood ho and other shade-tolerant plants; the third layer is the shrub layer, with the main components of □ wood, rhododendron and so on; and the lowermost layer is herbaceous plants, with Orchidaceae as the main species. Above 800 meters above sea level, there are deciduous broad-leaved trees such as fragrant birch, lacquer tree, red-fruited maple, fragrant maple, beech, and goosefoot, constituting mountain evergreen forests. above 1300 meters, there are mixed coniferous and broad-leaved forests composed of Guangdong pine, Fujian cypress, long-bracted hemlock, hemlock, tricuspid fir, and lohansong, etc. In the 1600～2100 meters, there is a mixture of coniferous and broad-leaved forests. At the top of the mountain from 1600 to 2100 meters, the vegetation is mostly dwarf forests, dominated by coca, southern candles, rhododendron, mountain willows and snow bamboo. Partially there are meadows distribution. Artificial cultivated forests are dominated by fir and horsetail pine, which is one of the bases for timber forest construction in southern China. The soil of the zone is red soil, and above 700 meters above sea level, it is yellow soil. There is meadow soil development locally at the top of the mountain. Colored gold metals are abundant. Wild Animals in Nanling Beasts include South China tiger, leopard, jackal, clouded leopard, yellow muntjac, musk, sika deer, Sumen antelope, ling cat, golden cat, green weasel, pangolin, etc. Birds include leaf bulbuls, white-headed bulbuls, golden harvestman, painted eyebrow, acacia sparrow, pheasant, silver pheasant and so on, many of which belong to the national protected animals. Amphibious reptiles include big-headed turtles, money turtles, large geckos (i.e. mealybugs), giant salamanders, toads, mud frogs and various kinds of snakes. Climatic Characteristics The South Ridge blocks the operation of the north and south air currents, so there is a certain difference between the water and heat conditions of the north and south slopes, especially the winter temperature is the most obvious. Frost and snow are common in the northern part of the Ridge, and wintering crops are more cold-resistant, whereas in the southern part of the Ridge, frost and snow are rare, and there are more tropical cultivated plants. For example, Yaoshan (belonging to the South Ridge) north of the pingshi, January average temperature of 7.5 ℃, while the south of the mountains of 9.5 ℃; Mengzhu Ling north of Jianghua January average temperature of 7.3 ℃, while the south of the ridge Lianxian up to 9.5 ℃. Nanling mountains between the valley and pass is the northern cold wave south invasion of the channel, so Lingnan winter can still be threatened by cold waves. Nanling is the watershed between the Yangtze River system and the Pearl River system. As a result of retroactive erosion, some parts of the watershed has been very low and narrow, and the river cut through the watershed ridge phenomenon. The Pearl River is rich in water, and the erosion datum is low, so the trend of backward erosion is developing to the north. The South Ridge is rich in precipitation, with an annual precipitation of 1,500 to 2,000 millimeters. Due to the blocking effect of the mountain range, the south side has slightly more precipitation than the north side. Spring stationary fronts stay up to 2 months long, spring rain is especially rich; summer and fall season more wind and rain, winter more frontal rain, precipitation seasonal distribution is more uniform. Although the difference in altitude of the Nanling Mountains is not great, there are still vertical differences in climate. Geographic boundaries 1. The boundary between the two hills and the Jiangnan hills. south ridge 2. south subtropical and middle subtropical boundary. 3. The demarcation line between Guangdong and Jiangxi (Hunan). 4. the dividing line between the Pearl River Basin and the Yangtze River Basin. South for Lingnan The southern part of the South Ridge, referred to as Lingnan, corresponds to the entire territory of the present Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan, as well as the southern part of Ganzhou City in Jiangxi Province. These areas are not only geographically similar, but also, the people's living habits have a lot in common. Due to changes in administrative divisions over the ages, the term Lingnan now refers to Guangdong, Guangxi and Hunan provinces, while the counties and cities south of the Five Ridges in southern Jiangxi are not included. Historically, the Lingnan Dao of the Tang Dynasty also included the Red River Delta area of northern Vietnam, which was once under Chinese imperial rule. It was only after the Song Dynasty that northern Vietnam seceded. The concept of Lingnan gradually excluded Vietnam. Tourism resources Scenic Spot Introduction Nanling National Forest Park is located in the junction of Guangdong Luyuan County and Hunan Province, 273 square kilometers, Guangdong's largest national nature reserve, the territory has the best preserved primary forests in Guangdong, more than 30 peaks above 1,000 meters above sea level, of which Shikengkong (1,903 meters above sea level), the first peak in the south of the Tiannan is the most famous. There are four scenic spots: Shikeng Kong Scenic Spot, with a view of the mountains, enjoying snow in winter, wild azaleas in spring and summer, and a sea of clouds on rainy days; Waterfall Cluster Scenic Spot, with craggy cliffs, waterfall corridors about two kilometers long, and up to 200 waterfalls; Little Huangshan Scenic Spot, with evergreen broadleaf forests, mixed coniferous and broadleaf forests, and alpine forests with altitude variations, and the name of "natural bonsai forests"; and Water-friendly Scenic Spot, with the name of "natural bonsai forests". It is known as "natural bonsai forest"; the water-friendly valley scenic area consists of streams, waterfalls, forests, trestles, etc. Along the way, you can enjoy the exotic flowers and grasses, flowing water and strange rocks, pot hole landforms, etc. Nanling National Forest Park is located in the core of the Nanling Mountains. Southeast from Shaoguan city 70 kilometers, 50 kilometers north from the town of pingshi, east from the Beijing-Zhuhai Expressway Bridge exit 10 area of 273 square kilometers. Nanling National Forest Park is the highest and most majestic mountain in Guangdong. Shikeng Kong elevation of 1902 meters, is the "first peak of Guangdong", Shi Leek Ling elevation of 1888 meters, the second highest peak in Guangdong, surrounded by a group of peaks towering, or Cuiwei majestic, or precipitous and beautiful, the distribution of the staggered, natural and ingenious. There are deep ravines and valleys, long flowing streams, waterfalls, a waterfall and a scene, gorgeous and spectacular, the water is extremely clear, the air is fresh, and the long scenic gallery is stirring. There are more than 2,000 species of plants here, and the only virgin forest in Guangdong, which is the "South Ridge and the place of rich biodiversity". The boundless sea of forests, with ancient trees, verdant pines and cypresses, alpine azaleas, Nanling bamboo, exotic flowers and plants, rare birds and animals, are a delight to the eyes. From the foot of the mountain and up, evergreen broad-leaved forests, mixed coniferous and broad forests, alpine dwarf forests, three vertical landscape zones have their own interests, especially in the ancient phase of the pale and strong, a thousand forms of the Guangdong pine is famous. Vertical distribution of climate is very, summer Nanling is a summer resort. A mountain has four seasons, ten miles of different days, between dawn and dusk, changing rapidly. Sunrise in the sea of clouds, magnificent and colorful, sometimes there is a Buddha's light spectacle, hidden in the rainbow, all the time does not bring the tourists all kinds of reverie. Majestic mountain landscape, quiet valley landscape, beautiful plant landscape, magical meteorological landscape, organic and ingenious examples for a pleasant scenery, spring flowers like the sea, summer waterfalls and springs, autumn forests, winter silver ...... Overhead: torn earth The Grand Canyon is located 68 kilometers southwest of Shaoguan Milk County, the town of Dabu. The terrain at the top of the canyon is so gentle that from a distance you wouldn't even know that there is such an abrupt terrain. However, when you get closer, the earth seems to be torn open by a pair of giant hands, becoming a deep crack. This kind of vigor makes people suddenly feel the momentum of nature. If the Grand Canyon is placed on the vast land in the west, she may not be surprising, but in the soft and gentle Guangdong in the south, it is like walking into the primitive jungle and primitive ecology all of a sudden. Unlike other Grand Canyon in the world, Lianyuan Grand Canyon on both sides of the cliffs of dense vegetation, early spring, bright green leaves as bright as transparent, in a piece of emerald green interspersed with colorful flowers, beautiful and gorgeous, as if the Grand Canyon's beautiful flower dress. Canyon two cliffs far from each other, the width of the valley varies, there are more than a thousand meters, there are a few hundred meters, the narrowest place is only a hundred meters, looking down from above, the fog steam, deep bottomless. Looking Up: The Flying Ladder Down the sightseeing ladder, strange landscapes abound. A small stream from the beginning of the valley ladder-like cliffs flowing down more than 200 meters to the bottom of the valley, forming a magnificent Chengtou waterfall. The ravines and gullies in the valley, and the strange peaks, constitute a variety of unique landscapes. For example: Camel's Peak, Golden Tortoise Rock, Double Lions Worshiping Guests, Spirit Turtle Celebrating Longevity, Stone Monkey Welcoming Guests, Child Delivering Wealth, Immortal Umbrella Handle, Tiger Jumping Rock, and so on no less than twenty stone scenes, which have left a lot of beautiful legends in the folklore. But in addition to such beautiful scenery, the Grand Canyon is more attractive is the steep "stairway to heaven", 1386 stone steps from top to bottom down, as high as 86-story building, and all in one go, without any pause in the middle of the resting place. Looking up from the bottom of the valley, the Stairway to Heaven seems to be floating in the clouds, and it seems that you can walk up to the sky along the ladder carved on the stone wall. If you have enough physical strength, you should of course walk along the ladder; but if you don't have the courage, you'd better walk back to the relatively gentle sightseeing ladder. Distant view: waterfalls are scattered Here is also the core of the Nanling Mountain Range, the towering Nanling's most essential landscape, concentrated in this 273 square kilometers of land. Not to mention that look at the deep and light green, layer by layer rendered into a light ink painting, not to look at those with the streams and play with the rocks, steal the most eyeballs is of course the jungle and the rocks between the size of the waterfalls. No other national forest park has such a waterfall gallery. In this deep ravine, clear streams flow and waterfalls are connected, one waterfall to another. Along the way, large and small waterfalls always pop up when people did not expect, clear mountain springs jumping on the rocks, creating a variety of different forms of waterfalls. Some seem like a peacock dragging a long tail, some have a wave of twists and turns, like jumping notes. One waterfall after another to see the diffuse, this way to walk really tireless. Nearby exploration: underground forest The highest Shikongkeng in Nanling is located in the middle of Nanling Forest Park. The peak of 1902 meters above sea level is definitely the first peak in Guangdong, climb to the top of the peak, and then overlooking the surrounding area, it is really open, no obstacles. But the peak is not so easy to ascend, therefore, the project of climbing Shikongkeng is definitely the patent of explorers. The deepest part of the South Ridge is also here. Following the mountain road, you can reach the big cave called "Tongtianwu". Here is known as "Guangdong's first wonders", "China's first hole", in the diameter of only more than 90 meters of the hole, look down, deep hole, but also black with a large area of forest, can not see the bottom of the depth of how deep. According to some researchers, the hole is more than 100 meters deep, and the bottom of the cave has 3500 square meters, the growth of native subtropical trees, so it is also known as the "underground forest". Suggested Itinerary Line A: Jiuzhong Mountain - Waterfall Corridor - Shikengkou (3 hours) Line B: Hiking Little Yellow Mountain (4 hours) Line C: Hiking to the top of the Forest Trail (round trip) (6 hours) Line D: Water Valley Scenic Spot (2 hours) Line E: Shikengkong (car) - Primitive Forest (car) - Waterfall Corridor (walk) (6 hours) Line F: Primitive Forest (car) - Waterfall Corridor (walk) - Water Valley (walk) (6 hours) Line G : Shikengkong - Climbing to the top of the forest trail (downstream) - Xiaohuangshan - Waterfall promenade - Water-loving Valley (two-day tour) Special Tips Please pay attention to fire prevention and protection of the environment. Please pay attention to fire prevention and protect the environment. You should not travel too fast, pay attention to safety and hygiene. Walk without viewing, view without walking. Wearing high heels will bring you a lot of inconvenience. In spring and summer, bring rain gear. The temperature is freezing in the morning and evening, beware of colds. Streams. Deep water is cold to the bone, not suitable for swimming. Transportation guide 1, Guangzhou Huangpu Avenue on the South China Expressway - go north - through the Taihe toll station, on the highway. 2, via: Conghua City - Fogang - Yingde - Shaoguan - Shaoguan Nanyuan County - Nanyuan Station - Dongping Station - Daqiao Station (the sign says: Daqiao . Nanling Park) out of the highway. 3, in the "bridge" highway toll station, after paying the toll, go ahead 50 meters and turn right. About 1.8 kilometers ahead to the intersection, turn right (on the sign can be seen: Nanling National Forest Park or Five Fingers Mountain).