People's Education Press Geography Examination Review Materials for Grade 2 Students (Bonus Points for Satisfaction)

geography?

You can review and review by yourself. I only have biology skills, so take a look. Come on!

Unit 5 of the first volume of the eighth grade biology syllabus Chapter 1 Animals in various environments 1. Animals are diverse, and there are about 1.5 million species known so far. These animals can be divided into two major categories, one is vertebrates

, they have spines in their bodies; one type is invertebrates, which have no spines in their bodies. 2. Earthworms live in moist soil rich in humus, and move their bodies through the cooperation of setae and muscles.

3. The living environment and movement methods of animals are diverse, and they are adapted to this in terms of morphological structure and life activities.

4. Two characteristics are crucial for fish to be able to live in water: first, they can obtain food and defend themselves against enemies by swimming, and second, they can breathe in water.

5. There are many types of mammals. Except for a few species, they all have the characteristics of body surface hair, viviparity and lactation.

6. The heart of a rabbit is divided into four chambers: they are the right ventricle, right atrium, left ventricle and left atrium.

7. Rabbits and other mammals have developed brains and nerves throughout the body that can feel stimulation from the environment and better adapt to the environment.

8. Like frogs, larvae live in water and breathe with gills; adults live amphibious life, breathing with lungs and using skin to assist breathing. Such animals are called amphibians.

9. The body surface of insects is covered with a tough exoskeleton, which maintains and supports the soft internal organs and prevents the loss of water in the body.

10. The body surface of birds is covered with feathers; the forelimbs become wings; there are air sacs in the body to assist breathing; the body temperature is high and constant.

The above characteristics are all characteristics of birds that are suitable for flying life.

11. To survive, animals must not only be good at finding and obtaining food, but also avoid being preyed upon by other animals.

This all depends on the motor system and nervous system; animals are different from plants, and most animals can move freely.

12. The blood circulation of mammals and birds includes systemic circulation and pulmonary circulation. The strong ability to transport oxygen is conducive to the decomposition of organic matter and provides sufficient energy for the body. This can keep their body temperature relatively constant and reduce the impact on the body.

environmental dependence.

13. Insects are the most diverse group of animals, with more than 1 million known species.

14. The surface of the earthworm's body wall is rich in mucus, and the body wall is densely covered with capillaries.

The oxygen in the air first dissolves in the mucus on the body surface, then penetrates into the body wall, and then enters the capillaries inside it; the carbon dioxide in the body also leaks out of the body surface through the capillaries in the body wall.

Earthworms cannot maintain a constant body temperature, so they can only live in deep soil where the temperature does not change much.

15. In the process of scientific inquiry, sometimes it is difficult to draw conclusions based on observation alone. In this case, experiments or simulated experiments are relied upon to explore.

16. When a fish swims, it relies on the swing of its tail to generate forward momentum; it relies on its pectoral fins, pelvic fins, dorsal fins and anal fins to maintain its balance, and its tail fins to maintain its forward direction.

17. When observing fish gills, there are many filamentous structures called gill filaments. This filamentary structure is red because there are many capillaries inside it, which makes it suitable for breathing.

18. The characteristics of arthropods are: the body is composed of many body segments; there is an exoskeleton on the body surface; the legs and antennae are segmented.

Chapter 2 Animal Movement and Behavior 1. The movement system of mammals is composed of bones and muscles.

2. The movement of mammals is not only accomplished by the movement system, but also requires the control and regulation of the nervous system. It also requires the cooperation of the respiratory system, digestive system, circulatory system, etc. to provide energy for the movement of the movement system.

3. When the human body does elbow flexion, the biceps brachii contracts and the triceps brachii relaxes. When the human body extends the elbow, the triceps brachii contracts and the biceps brachii relaxes.

4. Termites are insects that live in groups, and members of the group have different functions.

"The egg-laying machine is the female ant; the termites that specialize in guarding the nest are soldier ants; the function of the worker ants is to build the nest and feed the male ants, female ants, soldiers and young ants. 5. "Eating plums to quench thirst" is a learning behavior

, "looking at plum blossoms to quench thirst" is an innate behavior, and "talking about plum blossoms to quench thirst" is an innate behavior. 6. On the leaves of Chinese cabbage, cabbage, Chinese cabbage and other vegetables, we often see some small dark green flesh worms, which are vegetables.

Caterpillars, which are the larvae of the cabbage butterfly, grow up and become pupae, and then emerge into the cabbage butterfly. 7. A bee colony is composed of a queen bee, a drone bee, and a worker bee. Different members work together to maintain the life of the colony.

, has a series of animal social behaviors. 8. A newborn pony can stand up quickly and can walk after shaking its body a few times. The chick can immediately follow the hen to eat food. These behaviors

They are all innate behaviors.