Do you know anything about black pottery? Please briefly elaborate the black pottery.

Black pottery, born in China in the late Neolithic period, more than 4,000 years ago, is the masterpiece of the primitive culture of the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River. 1928, China's famous archaeologist Wu Jinding, in the archaeological excavations in the town of Longshan, Zhangqiu County, Shandong Province (now Zhangqiu City), for the first time found this prehistoric remains, so it was named "Longshan culture". It is also known as the "Black Pottery Culture" because it is mainly characterized by black pottery.

Black pottery origin

Suiling black pottery

Suiling Lingtuo black pottery is known as "black earth national treasure" is the crystallization of ancient culture. Suiling as the birthplace of China's modern black pottery, has been nearly a hundred years of production and manufacturing history, Suiling is also named "China's earthenware crafts township", recognized by the Ministry of Culture as "China's first kiln of modern black pottery," by the Provincial Department of Culture named Intangible Cultural Heritage. Intangible Cultural Heritage by the Provincial Department of Culture.　Lingtuo black pottery was successfully developed by Suiling Modern Black Pottery Culture and Art Co., Ltd. in June, 2008, and obtained two national patents of "Preparation Method of Black Pottery" and "Preparation Method of Yanhuang Pottery", and Suiling Lingtuo black pottery was successively treasured by many museums and collectors. Collected by many museums and collection enthusiasts.

Rizhao Black Pottery

Rizhao Black Pottery is known as "the soul of Chinese art", pottery is a symbol of ancient Chinese civilization. Rizhao has a long history, and more than 800 important Longshan culture sites have been discovered in Rizhao, and their unearthed cultural relics are mainly pottery. Rizhao's black pottery production has a history of more than 4000 years, exquisite craftsmanship, pottery culture has a long history. Donghaiyu and other places unearthed Longshan culture apparatus "high handle hollow eggshell pottery cup", the Department of precious cultural relics, unglazed and black shiny, thin tire and hard texture, the thickest of its wall is only 1 millimeter, the thinnest part of only 0.2 millimeters, weighing only 22 grams, and its production process of the fine, can be described as the world's first best, was designated as a national treasures and collection.　Two Towns, Donggang District, Rizhao City, is a typical Longshan culture site. Regarding the characteristics of the black pottery culture of Liangcheng type, Mr. Liang Siyong, a famous archaeologist, once said that the most dominant color of this kind of pottery is black, so it has the title of "black pottery culture". The pottery of the Ryocheng type is mostly black pottery, in which the fine quality of the pottery and the polished surface are especially prominent. Other types include gray, brown, red, white and yellow pottery.　The pottery of the Two Cities type is characterized by its elegant and clean appearance, so it is mostly plain, some of which are polished, and even if there are decorations, they are generally very skillful. And pottery production method is advanced, fast wheel is commonly used, the general pottery tire is thin and lightweight. Common eggshell pottery high handle cup, pottery tire thickness is mostly between 0.5-1 millimeter, especially in a small number of ware plate mouth part of only 0.3 millimeters, can be seen to eggshell analogy of its tire is not an exaggeration of the thin. Summarize the above main features, the formation of the Longshan culture two cities type of unique cultural landscape, become the history and culture of a strange flower.　Growing in Rizhao, the Dragon's heirloom, in order to inherit and develop this ancient black pottery production process, to promote the splendid Chinese culture, black pottery production process from generation to generation, from ancient times to the present has never stopped. From the pots and jars of daily necessities to the decorative handicrafts, the annual production reaches 600,000 to 700,000 pieces. Especially from the seventies of the twentieth century, Rizhao culture, cultural relics departments, began to systematically explore, research and development and utilization of Longshan culture black pottery technology, set up the "Rizhao Longshan Culture Black Pottery Crafts Research Institute", set the folk and scientific research institutions of the great, to the end of the eighties and the early nineties, the study of Rizhao Black Pottery Technology has gradually reached the peak, not only to make the Longshan culture black pottery crafts, but also to make the black ceramic crafts. Peak, not only to make the Longshan culture black pottery art treasure reappear colorful, but also research ancient innovation, in the production, firing to be aspects of the development and innovation over the predecessor, in the production of the wheel system and, molding, printing bad, grouting, hand-plastic and other methods; in the modeling on the beautiful, simple and elegant, in a variety of forms, each with its own unique features, ceramic surface with relief, baked color, and engraved with ancient characters and paintings, etc.; the integration of the ancient ceramic technology and modern fine arts, Craft in one; in the firing, generally using high-temperature sealed kiln smoke carburization method, according to different requirements, can be mastered to achieve the degree of gross light, light, lacquer light. Now has formed imitation, copy, innovation of three series, antique, transplantation, copy, craft, ornamental, practical and other six categories of more than 300 varieties, and successively developed Rizhao Black Pottery Crafts Research Institute experimental factory, Rizhao Development Zone Black Pottery Factory, Longshan Art Institute Black Pottery Factory and other seven factories, has formed a large-scale production capacity.

Suichang Black Pottery

Suichang Black Pottery is a precious heritage of the famous Liangzhu culture in the late Neolithic period of China, which adopts the clay from the location of the "Haochuan" culture as the raw material, and applies more than twenty handmade crafts and the unique carbonization kiln-change technology to refine the product, which forms the characteristics of delicate, exquisite, no glaze and no color. It is made by more than twenty handcrafts and unique carbonization kiln technology, forming delicate, exquisite, unglazed and colorless characteristics. In the past, Suichang black pottery had a heyday and became the top grade of incense and gifts.　Bao Zongren, the boss of Jiulong Crafts Factory, has been making black pottery for generations, and naturally, Bao Zongren is well versed in the black pottery production process. When farming, he and his family processing black pottery, then, with baskets to sell to subsidize the family. 1989, suichang county government put forward the revival of black pottery culture slogan, package Zongren a group of ceramics artists caught up with a good time to show off their skills, building plants to recruit, investing money to improve the process, and invited China Academy of Fine Arts, Zhejiang University and other experts as consultants. The use of unique calendaring technology and carving art techniques, Suichang black pottery bright as a mirror, highlighting the noble, elegant, ancient black pottery

Park, mysterious features. Ancient traditional culture glows with new light, exudes infinite charm, sales are rapidly rising. In some large and medium-sized cities, Suichang black pottery led the trend of courtesy for a while. The People's Government of Zhejiang Province has appointed Suichang black pottery as valuable gifts to foreign heads of state and famous people, such as former U.S. President Richard Nixon, etc. Suichang black pottery has become the "black pearl" in handicrafts.

Tian Tao Black Pottery

Chinese molding art began with pottery, which was recorded in the history book: "Shennong made tiles and said it was pottery". Song Yingxing, in his book "Tian Gong Kaifu - Tao Theater", summarized the pottery process in the following paragraph: "Water and fire are combined in the earth".　2600 BC - 2000 BC, in the late Neolithic period, with the decline of the Yangshao half-slope colored pottery art more than 7,000 years ago, China's cultural history has bred a "black pottery culture".　Legend has it that in ancient times, there was a big mountain called Tao Shan in Tantao County, and the area around Tao Shan was famous for its abundance of black pottery, and it is said that the name of Tantao originated from the black pottery of Tao Shan, and what the ancients called " Tao Shan, the mountain is like pottery, and the pottery is like a mountain." That is clear evidence. Along the Pavilion Tao Wei River on both sides of the Mao circle, Liu circle around the royal kiln 72, the main firing of the Imperial City bricks and black pottery. According to relevant experts, Beijing Forbidden City brick is produced here, which can be confirmed from the kiln site remnants and excavated ancient pottery products.　In the spring of 1928, Jinan Longshan Town, a cliff slope collapse, so that a more than four thousand years ago to polish the black pottery as the main feature of the cultural remains to see the light of day, but also conclusively confirmed the Longshan culture that the existence of black pottery culture.　Tantao black pottery culture is profound and profound, it inherited from Yangshao, Yin and Shang, the left holds the colored pottery, the right carries the bronze, it is the representative of Longshan culture in the later stage of primitive society, it is the masterpiece of Tantao ancestors' hard work and wisdom. Even the coarsest pottery reminds us of the earth that carries human life, the fire that illuminates the human spirit, and the water that nourishes human life. Not only does it contain a deep farming civilization, but it also shines with the light of simple poetry.

Longshan Black Pottery

Black pottery is black pottery made by the charcoal percolation process during the firing process. It was first discovered in the Longshan culture and is one of the most important features of the Longshan culture. The Longshan Culture dates from about 2310 - 1810 BC, and is divided into three categories: the Longshan Culture of Henan, the Longshan Culture of Shaanxi and the Longshan Culture of Shandong, collectively known as the Longshan Period. The pottery of the Longshan Period includes gray, red and black pottery, of which the most famous is black pottery.　Longshan black pottery is divided into three kinds of fine mud, mud and sand, with the highest level of production of fine mud thin-walled black pottery, the tire wall thickness of only 0.5-1 millimeter or so, the surface of the black shiny, so it is called eggshell black pottery. Decoration is generally relatively simple, only to polish the gloss as the main decorative content of the vessel, and the organic combination of the black color, is the black pottery show beautiful charm of the style of the place.　Black pottery has a variety of shapes, mainly complex shapes, less simple, but they are dignified and beautiful, delicate texture, luster, calm and elegant, with a kind of pearl-like soft and elegant quiet beauty, appreciation value is very high. Common types include bowls, pots, jars, urns, beans, single ear cups and tripods.　The production of black pottery generally adopts the fast wheel, its shape is well-proportioned, regular, fine workmanship, high fire, hard texture. Because of its application scope is mostly for ceremonial ware, rarely used for daily utensils, so the production is small, but therefore very precious. As a carrier of primitive rituals and exquisite artwork, Longshan black pottery will always have the mysterious and alluring charm of a black pearl.　Height 19.5 cm, caliber 4.7 cm, unearthed in 1973 at Donghaiyu, Rizhao, Shandong Province, in the collection of the Shandong Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology. Clay black pottery, the shape is thin and high, with a large flared mouth, deep belly, round bottom cup, under the long thin handle, handle the middle of the convex section of the bulging belly, the surface is full of vertical small openwork holes, neat and uniform, the lower end of the handle for the foot-shaped seat, the abdomen is decorated with a string pattern. The shape is chic and beautiful, the production is exquisite, the thinnest part of the cup is less than 0.5 millimeters, amazing. The whole body transmits black luster, the texture is delicate and warm, exudes elegant temperament and alluring charm, which can be called a masterpiece, is the essence of ancient pottery.　Black pottery, perhaps because its process is too complicated, or the dissemination area is too small, resulting in the loss of this technology. The discovery of the black pottery culture marks the unprecedented development of Chinese pottery craftsmanship, and also shows to future generations the historical process of pottery production from practical to aesthetic requirements.　Historically, the black pottery with more advanced firing technology than the colored pottery appeared after the colored pottery, and the complicated and advanced black pottery production technology made the world marvel from the ancient civilization. At that time, the ancestors of Pavilion Pottery had mastered the advanced kiln sealing technology, so that the smoke filled in the kiln through the scientific principle of carburization, the smoke in the carbon particles infiltrated into the blanks and was black, black pottery production process allows the world to experience the process through the " smoky " finished products, into the nature of the process.　The gift of the Yellow River and the deposition of a large amount of high-quality clay laid the foundation for the prosperity of the pottery industry in Tantao. Diligent, intelligent Tantao people after unremitting research and excavation, black pottery production process is finally interpreted and deciphered. Tantao black pottery knocking with the sound of sounding jade, rich ink jade beauty, pan-bronze light, delicate workmanship, shape and meaning of rich unity, simple and elegant, Chirri gorgeous, high as three meters huge, rich and luxurious; micro matchbox can be accommodated, delicate and sophisticated, quite suitable for indoor decorating, more appreciation, collection value, loved by people from all walks of life.　" The head of the long-haired girl seemed to me to have seen on the wall of a poet's study in Paris. That deformed Hercules and lead me to the old museum island of East Berlin, a variety of birds flying through the carving of table lamps, seems to be in a hotel in West Berlin accompanied by my homesickness dream. And the female Buddha, who seemed to have traveled a long, long way to sit down and contemplate with her eyes closed, tempted me in a wood carving store in Bangkok. " in the field of the famous poet YanYi in GuanTao nationality first acquaintance with hometown black pottery surprise, gladly made "black pottery first record" as a memorial.　Black pottery production process in our country from generation to generation, from ancient times to the present never stop. From pots and pans for daily necessities to decorative handicrafts, it has made great development and the black pottery technique has been perfected. Known as " the art of earth and fire, force and the crystallization of the United States " Tuan Tao black pottery reproduction, marking the Chinese pottery craft has reached the peak of history at the same time, but also to the descendants of the pottery from the practicality of the historical process of turning to the aesthetic requirements of the black ceramic culture across the space and time docking, renewed the Tuan Tao people of a dream.

Texas black pottery

Texas black pottery production process has been a mystery. Black pottery popular two 4,000 years ago, the patriarchal stage of primitive society, the ancestors to its manufacture of vivid and simple, the form of a million other black pottery vessels created following the Yangshao, Dawenkou, after the new culture branch - Longshan culture. It is also known as "Black Pottery Culture" in history. According to the evidence, Longshan Culture flourished from about 2800 BC to 2300 BC. It is a pity that this ancient craftsmanship, with its exquisite craftsmanship and charm, basically disappeared in the Han Dynasty (200 BC to 200 AD). In the 1980s, on the banks of the ancient canal in the northwestern plains of Shandong, the young workers of the Dezhou Institute of Crafts and Ceramics excavated and organized these ancient crafts and reproduced the elegance of the Longshan culture. This is today's Dezhou black pottery. Dezhou black pottery uses the unique red clay from both sides of the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal as raw material, which has a pure and delicate texture and a high density. With the traditional handmade wheel into type after not glazed, in the billet drying process of calendaring, carving, high-temperature sintering after sealing the kiln, to do the charcoal smoke carburization treatment, fired out of the pottery black through the glistening, looking at the gold, solid and heavy; knocking such as the warm, giving a person a sense of "wu jin ink and jade". "Jinshan Lishui, jade out of Kungang", "such as the quality of iron like jade moist" ......, the literati words and phrases, one can imagine the artistic charm of black pottery.　Dezhou black pottery is unique in its modeling. It adopts handmade wheel system, which not only retains the traditional single-layer pull type into blanks, but also creates a bottom double-layer synthetic blanks. Or copy, or derivation, or innovation, a variety of imitation Shang silk Jane, imitation bronze tripod, hollow vase, relief vase, brush wash, pen holder, gourd, incense burner, pot, hanging tray, etc., simple and sound, simple and elegant. The carved body adopts red carving, shallow carving, translucent carving and other methods of expression. The decorations are mostly taken from natural scenery, such as pine, bamboo, plum, chrysanthemum, peony, birds, butterflies, fish and insects, and draw on the characteristics of paper-cutting, wood carving, embroidery and other art forms. In addition to a few pieces of dragons and phoenixes carved palace style, the vast majority of the strong ethnic folk characteristics. Such as double sets of large belly incense burner, hollowed out relief carving is very delicate. Abdomen carved with dragons and phoenixes in shallow carving pattern of "dragon and phoenix bottle", the entire bottle are cloud-shaped hollowed out patterns, on both sides of the three-dimensional than the dragon lying down, just for the bottle's ears, the idea of the great. One of the eggshell pottery, "Concise Encyclopedia of Britain" evaluation: this wheeled pottery is as thin as an eggshell, only 0.3 millimeters thick, black and shiny, is the most characteristic treasures of the Longshan culture.　Over the past few years, the researchers of Dezhou Craft and Ceramics Research Institute have seriously explored and carried out a series of research and development on black pottery, which has reached more than 600 varieties, and has been favored by people at home and abroad. in the late spring of 1989, the black pottery of Dezhou was awarded the silver medal at the 80th International Technical Exposition in Paris. in October, 1989, in commemoration of the 2540th anniversary of the birth of Confucius, China's ancient thinker, statesman and educator, printmakers and artists were invited to attend the exhibition, which was held at the same time. In October 1989, in commemoration of the 2540th anniversary of the birth of China's ancient thinker, statesman and educator Confucius, printmaker Shi Ke, craft artist Tao Tianen and the Dezhou Institute of Craft Ceramics *** with the development of black ceramic mural ----- "Confucius World Traces," the total length of 50 meters, 1.7 meters high, carving an area of *** up to 85 square meters, a systematic introduction to the main biography of Confucius, inlaid in the courtyard of the Confucius House. Its unique artistic effect, for the Chinese fresco art garden and added a wondrous flower. China Folk Art Museum will also Dezhou black pottery as treasures for long-term collection. China's Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the Ministry of the Central Alliance of the Dezhou black pottery as a national gift, the party and state leaders many times with the Dezhou long black pottery to foreign heads of state and international friends. 1991 summer, the Dezhou black pottery to participate in the black pottery art exhibition in Japan. At present, Dezhou black pottery has been exported to far Britain, the United States, France, Germany, Japan, Australia, the Netherlands and other countries and Hong Kong and Taiwan.

Qinyuan black pottery

In the five thousand years of China's human history and culture, the black pottery on behalf of the "Longshan Culture", as a modeling art independently of the world's cultural forests, with its inherent elegance and magical charisma, demonstrating our ancestors consciously transformed the conditions of life and the living environment of the direct results. It radiates a brilliant light in the history of world arts and crafts.　China's black pottery art, colorful varieties, exquisite and unique production, but in the long feudal era and old China, arts and crafts for a long time do not get the attention it deserves, and people at that time did not realize that this traditional ancient art has the potential for a great shock. Black pottery, mostly used by slave owners and aristocrats, they are used to decorate the palace, decorated halls, become a boast of wealth, show the status and rank of the sign, but in the folk but few inquiries.　After the founding of the country, the black pottery art has been emphasized, attracted the attention of all walks of life, over the years, the production of black pottery in our folk has been inherited imitation, the production of its production place is mostly for the original family workshop, small scale, old equipment, low production and difficult to form a series, with the development of reform and opening up the situation, the black pottery production once again rise. In order to save the traditional cultural heritage on the verge of extinction and be inherited and carried forward, in order to make the Chinese black pottery craft in the inheritance of innovation and development, so as to enrich the needs of modern cultural life with exquisite works of art, in 1995, in the three Qin land of the Weishui waterfront proudly sprouted a black pottery sector of the rookie - Qin Yuan black pottery.　Subject to a shrewd home ownership concept of domination and salvage, inheritance and seek innovation and development, the factory director Mr. Liu Qingyuan has several times to set aside the mountains and rivers to visit various places, look through the original excavated relics and a variety of literature, captured a large number of valuable experience. In the past few years, through the ups and downs and hard and unremitting efforts, today's "Qin Yuan Black Pottery" is known as the best of the black pottery with its fine firing, beautiful shape, excellent pattern, many varieties and large scale.　"Qin Yuan Black Pottery" is made from pure and delicate red gum soil, which is purified into a kind of "bleached soil" through the brushing and discarding of water and wind power, with high iron content and alkali metal oxides, so as to achieve the degree of thinness and firmness in the production of molding. It needs to be homogenized, precipitated, and stabilized. It requires a series of fine manual operations such as homogenization, precipitation, starting the tire, pulling the embryo into shape, calendaring, painting, carving, etc., and finally decorating, sealing the kiln, and firing the Qin Yuan Black Pottery, which is extremely delicate in its tire texture, giving a person a sense of smoothness and warmth, and the walls of the ware are quite thin, with the ability of blowing that is permeable. The surface is especially bright, especially as a mirror, the texture is very hard, people see the raw steel, not only that, it is divided into the texture of black, silver gray, orange and yellow three kinds of color, its hue is deep and light, there are thick and light, according to the requirements of different kinds of characteristics of different objects and increase or decrease its different color, the formation of each of its color and color and lustre moderation.　Qinyuan black pottery, in the design of the pattern of the objects, it continues and develops the Yangshao culture in the art of colored pottery geometric pattern, the difference is that it is directly with the concave and convex single line and compound line wheel pattern, without the use of color, the effect of the pattern tends to be plain and simple, so that the overall modeling and the combination of the pattern to form a kind of perfect harmony. Qinyuan black pottery, in the method of expression not only pay attention to the use of traditional methods, but also boldly combined with modern technology skills, not only the pursuit of the external form of the beauty of the object, but also pay attention to the picture modeling of the beauty of the god; Qinyuan black pottery - a collection of fine products, a wide range of pottery, the continuous innovation, breathtaking, it brings us into the ancient dream-like memories and reveries, making us feel like the ancient dream-like memories and reveries, making us feel like the ancient dream-like memories and reveries. It brings us into the ancient dreamy reminiscence and reverie, and makes us seem to clearly see the picture of our ancestors' labor and living in the ancient times.　After years of searching and refining, Qin Yuan black pottery has been close to pure fire, appreciation, as if people can walk from the ancient Neolithic Age into the Xia, Shang, Zhou, Qin, Han, Sui, Tang seven dynasties in the history of the display, can be produced from the static sense of the pottery sense of movement, from the reality of the return to the first ancient times, not only can appreciate the style and momentum of the Shang and Zhou bronzes, and there is no lack of the Sui and Tang Five Dynasties Yueyao celadon elegance and flavor, which is like a very strong sense of the times. All these seem to constitute a silent symphony with a very strong sense of the times.　Qin Yuan black pottery, in keeping "black as paint, bright as a mirror, hard as porcelain, sound as warm" on the basis of the traditional black pottery art of innovation, in general to not lose the first people's instrument type, and strive for a variety of varieties, in the modeling and patterns closer to the modern viewing psychology, in the rhythm of the art to maintain a peculiarly heavy atmosphere, and strive for the quality of the perfect. Perfection in quality. Pleased to see the exquisite appearance, taste the richness of the connotation, Qin Yuan black pottery - ingenious work of art.

Modern black pottery

Modern black pottery has gradually developed into a kind of collection, high-grade art, high-grade gifts. Black pottery is widely used as a kind of high-grade business gifts for major enterprises, administrative units, educational institutions and all walks of life, especially in the service industry, customer relationship-led industry and so on. Domestic black pottery processing enterprises have designed black pottery business gifts suitable for modern people's aesthetic standards, each black pottery manufacturers employ are hired domestic first-class black pottery arts and craftsmen, black pottery industry masters for design, firing. Special emphasis on Qingdao speechless pavilion pottery company, integrated the essence of the Longshan culture, not limited to the regional divide, to the black pottery culture as the core, integrated the essence of the domestic black pottery industry, the output of the modern black pottery masterpiece, is a collection of good, high-grade gifts for friends, customers. Similar black pottery enterprises are Si Yue pottery, Rizhao Zhaoqi, Chiping Tao Yuan and so on.