Common sense of appreciating foreign novels and literature in senior two.

Hemingway (1899- 196 1), the author of the text (The Old Man by the Bridge), is a representative writer of the "lost generation" in America. Masterpieces: The Sun Also Rises, A Farewell to Arms and For Whom the Bell Tolls. The novella The Old Man and the Sea won the Nobel Prize in Literature of 1954 because it reflected people's courage in the real world full of violence and death. (The Old Man by the Bridge) is narrated from a limited perspective, and the language is concise and tense, leaving readers with room for exploration and deep thinking. His famous saying: people are not born to be defeated. You can destroy him as much as you can, but you can't beat him.

*2. Virginia Woolf (1882— 194 1), the author of The Spots on the Wall, is a famous modern British woman writer and critic, regarded as one of the greatest novelists in the 20th century and a pioneer in leading the trend of modernist literature.

The typical stream-of-consciousness novel is Spots on the Wall. Stream-of-consciousness novel is a typical psychological novel, and the psychological activities of the characters become the absolute theme of the novel. Other famous writers and works of stream of consciousness include: Irish James Joyce and his (Ulysses), French marcel proust and his Memories of the Past Years, and American william faulkner and his (The Sound and the Fury).

3. victor hugo, the author of the spy article Cannon Beast, is the most outstanding representative of French romanticism in the19th century and one of the greatest poets and novelists in the history of French literature. His life almost spanned the whole19th century, and his literary career lasted for 60 years, with enduring creation, totaling 79 works. The leading idea that runs through his life activities and creation is humanitarianism, opposing violence and controlling evil with love. Representative works include Les Miserables, Notre Dame de Paris, Marine Labors, Smiling Man and 93. Jean Valjean in Les Miserables is a noble ideological figure. Notre Dame de Paris is a classic of beauty and ugliness. 1827, Hugo published the play Cromwell and its preface. Although the script was not performed, the preface was regarded as a declaration of French romanticism and an epoch-making document in the history of literature. It greatly promoted the development of French literature.

*4. The author of Antonov Card Apple is Russian writer Bunin. 1933 get Nobel Prize in Literature.

Russian literature is a treasure of world literature. A large number of outstanding writers emerged in various historical periods in Russia, and they wrote many works that influenced the world. /kloc-Many works appeared in the 20th century, such as Pushkin (yevgeni onegin), critical realist writer Nikolai Gogol (dead soul), Turgenev (hunter's notes), Dostoevsky (crime and punishment) and Chekhov (chameleon), which are the pinnacle of Russian literature. 1At the end of the 9th century and the beginning of the 20th century, the novel creation of Puning and others, the author of Antonov Card Apple, basically followed the realistic road of19th century, and revealed more sentimental feelings. In the early days of Soviet Russia, Fadev who wrote (Young Guards) and sholokhov who wrote (One's Experience) quickly turned to socialist realism.

5. The author of the text (Danke) is Gorky, a proletarian writer in the former Soviet Union and the founder of socialist realistic literature (1868 ~ 1936). Romantic works include Macale Cudla, Old Lady Izgil, Song of the Eagle, etc., which praise the strong personality and heroic achievements that love freedom and yearn for the light, and show the passion of fighting. There are the novel Mother and the script Enemy, as well as the autobiographical novel trilogy Childhood, On Earth and My University.

*6. The author of the text (alchemist) is Brazilian writer Paulo Golo. (alchemist) is also translated as (the fantasy journey of the shepherd boy), which is the author's most sacred novel. This fable with strong symbolic color is known as "a modern classic that affects readers' minds for a lifetime" and ranks first in the bestseller list of 18 countries.

7. The author of the text (Natasha) lev tolstoy (1828— 19 10) is the greatest Russian realistic writer in the 19th century. & lt War and Peace is a masterpiece with epic and chronicle characteristics, and has always been called "the greatest novel in the world". There are also works Anna karenin and Resurrection. Lenin called him "the mirror of Russian revolution" and Lu Xun called him "/kloc-a Russian giant in the 9th century." The author of Western Canon called him "the only great writer who can challenge Homer, Dante and Shakespeare since the Renaissance."

Suba is a famous Indian poet, writer, artist and social activist. He is a writer with world influence. 19 13 to obtain Nobel Prize in Literature. He was the first Asian to win the Nobel Prize in Literature. He wrote more than 50 poems, and was called "Poet Saint". He is the author of poetry anthology "Gitanjali", "Crescent Moon Collection" and "Birds Collection". The popular novels Kabul Man, Suba and Moya are all masterpieces of the world's short stories. His "philosophy of love" influenced the literary creation of Bing Xin, Wang Tongzhao and Xu Dishan. Bing Xin takes "maternal love, childlike innocence and nature" as his creative theme.

9. Shiga Naoya (1883—197 1), the author of the text (Seibee and Hulu), is the main representative of the famous "Birch School" in the history of modern Japanese literature, and has the title of "God of Japanese Short Stories". His works pursue individual liberation, advocate humanitarianism and emphasize human dignity and will. His masterpieces include novels.

* 10, the text (by the bridge) was written by the German novelist Bohr (1917-1985), and 1972 was the winner of Nobel Prize in Literature. His main works include novella Arrive on Time, novel Adam, Where Have You Been, and short story Wanderer, If You Go to Hot Springs ... The famous novel Arrive on Time has become the representative work of "Ruins Literature" in the Federal Republic of Germany. The photo with a lady published by 197 1 is the crystallization of all Bohr's creations and was praised as "the pinnacle" by the Nobel Prize judges.

1 1, Calvino (1923- 1985) is the most influential writer in contemporary Italy. Representative works include (Walking in Winter Night) (Invisible City) and so on.

* 12. The author of the text (half a piece of paper) is Strindberg, Sweden.

Singer (1904- 199 1), the author of Zlate the goat, is an American Jewish novelist, and is regarded as "the best storyteller" in the 20th century. Fool Jim Pearl and his other short masterpiece Spinoza in Market Street are works of the best of both worlds. 1978, Singh won the Nobel Prize in Literature of that year, "because his passionate narrative art is rooted in the cultural tradition of Jewish Poles and reflects and depicts the general situation of human beings".

* 14, the text (nap time on Tuesday) was written by Garcia Marquez of Colombia. The representative writer of Latin American magic realism 1982 won the Nobel Prize in Literature. Representative works include One Hundred Years of Solitude and Love in Cholera Period.

The author of the text (The Book of the Sand) is Borges (15), an Argentine poet, novelist and translator. This master of short stories in the 20th century is regarded as "the first Latin American writer who influenced European and American literature". 1950 won the Argentine National Literature Award, 196 1 won the Formento Award in Spain, and 1979 won the Cervantes Award in Spain. His works are concise, unique in conception, exquisite in structure, fantastic in plot, full of fantasy and full of mystery.

Kafka (16), the author of the text (bucket knight), is an Austrian writer, one of the founders of western modernist literature and one of the greatest novelists in the 20th century. Masterpieces include Metamorphosis, Trial and Castle.

1, Hemingway, American novelist. 1954 Nobel Prize in Literature winner.

The Old Man by the Bridge: Realistic Short Story "Iceberg Theory"

Frost, a great American poet, made an appropriate description the day after Hemingway committed suicide with a shotgun: "He is tenacious and does not spare his life;" He is tenacious and does not spare himself. ..... Fortunately for us, he gave himself enough time to show his greatness. His style dominates the way we tell long and short stories. I still remember that I was obsessed with reading black boy aloud to everyone I met. He is a friend I will always miss. The whole country is immersed in grief. "

Hemingway's early novels The Sun Also Rises (1927) and A Farewell to Arms (1927) have become the main masterpieces of the "lost generation" in America. After 1950s, he created a "tough guy character" represented by Santiago, and his representative novella The Old Man and the Sea was 1950.

In art, his concise and powerful style and excellent use of various modernist techniques caused a "literary revolution" in American literature, and many European and American writers were obviously influenced by him.

2. Virginia Woolf is one of the representative writers of stream-of-consciousness literature in Britain and one of the three major stream-of-consciousness writers in the world, and is regarded as "the best female writer in the 20th century".

Spots on the Wall: Stream of Consciousness Short Stories

Shakespeare was a great English playwright and poet in the Renaissance. His major works include 37 plays, including Hamlet, Othello, King Lear, Macbeth (collectively called "Four Tragedys") and Romeo and Juliet. His comedies include The Merchant of Venice, which Marx called "the greatest dramatic genius of mankind".

3. Victor? Hugo is a great French writer in the19th century and the most outstanding representative of romantic literature.

Gunbeast, romantic novel, excerpt from 93, Notre Dame de Paris, Les Miserables.

Balzac is a great French writer of critical realism in the19th century, the founder and outstanding representative of European critical realism literature. His main works are Encyclopedia of Human Comedy (including Lao Gao Man and Eugenie Grandet), which is one of the most magnificent creations in world literature and one of the most brilliant achievements of human thinking labor. Marx said that it "provides an outstanding realistic history of French society, especially the upper class in Paris".

Maxim Gorky, a great proletarian writer in the former Soviet Union.

Danke's romantic symbolic allegorical short story The Old Lady Ezekiel

Main works: autobiographical trilogy Childhood, On Earth, My University, Novel Mother, prose poem Haiyan, etc. Lenin called him "the most outstanding representative of proletarian art" and called Mother "a very timely book".

5. lev tolstoy

From Natasha's novel War and Peace.

/kloc-The greatest Russian writers in the 20th century mainly include the historical novel War and Peace, the landmark masterpiece anna karenine, the novel Resurrection, and the autobiographical novel Childhood and Adolescence. He created "first-class works in world literature" with powerful brushwork and superb artistic skills, so he was praised by Lenin as "a genius artist with the most vivid realism" and recognized as a literary master all over the world.

Pushkin,/kloc-the greatest Russian poet in the 9th century. "Father (ancestor) of Russian literature"; His works are called "Encyclopedia of Russian Life"; His main works include lyric poem Ode to Freedom, long poetic novel yevgeni onegin, fairy tale poem The Story of Fisherman and Goldfish, etc.

Turonev is an important Russian critical realist writer in the 65,438+09 century. His works include the novel Luo Ting and his son, The House of the Noble, and the collection of prose stories, Hunter's Notes, which describe the miserable life of serfs and criticize the serf system, and are known as "books that light the fire". Father and Son is Turgenev's masterpiece.

Chekhov is a great Russian writer of critical realism. His major works include the short story Death of a Little Civil Servant, The Chameleon, The Trapped, the novella The Sixth Ward and the play The Seagull and Uncle Vanya. He is the only Russian writer who reached the peak of the world literary world with his short stories. One of the three major short story writers in the world.

Nikolai Gogol is the best satirist in Russia in the19th century, the founder of critical realism literature in An Imperial Envoy, and the image of a miser in Dead Soul (one of the four misers).

Ostrovsky: a writer of the former Soviet Union in the 20th century. His masterpiece is How Steel was Tempered.

6. Tagore19-a great Indian poet in the 20th century.

Suba's Realistic Short Stories

His masterpieces include Gitanjali, Gardeners, Birds and the novel shipwreck. 19 13 Nobel Prize in Literature is the first person in Asia. Tagore is a writer with great world influence. He wrote more than 50 poems, and was called "Poet Saint".

7. Others

Sibi and Hulu: Japanese Shiga Naoya's Realistic Short Stories

"On the Bridge" realistic short story Heinrich in Germany? Burr, 1972 got Nobel Prize in Literature.

Calvino, Italy, realistic short story Livestock Forest

Short story Half a Paper, Strasbourg, Sweden.

Ratte the Goat is a realistic short story. Isaac? Stevie. Singer 1978 won the Nobel Prize in Literature.

"Tuesday nap time" magical realism short story Colombia Garcia? Marquez 1982 won Nobel Prize in Literature. It's a long story: a hundred years of loneliness and love during cholera.

The Book of the Sand is a magical realistic short story, and Borges of Argentina is a master of short stories in the 20th century.

Bucket Knight, absurd short story, Austrian Flantz? Kafka, the originator of modernist literature. Long story: Castle and Trial; Short story: Metamorphosis.

Unit 1 Narration

The Old Man by the Bridge (selected from Hemingway's short stories) depicts the image of a lonely Spanish old man in World War II. Through his tired and difficult escape experience, he reflected the evil of fascist waging war and expressed the people's desire for peace. Hemingway (American, the representative writer of the "Lost Generation") won the Nobel Prize in Literature of 1954. The Sun Also Rises, A Farewell to Arms (the representative work of "The Lost Generation"), For whom the bell tolls, and The Old Man and the Sea have created the images of anti-fascist fighters who "get rid of confusion and pessimism, fight bravely and sacrifice fearlessly for the people's interests". Created a tough guy image of "you can destroy him, but you can't beat him" (San Diego's The Old Man and the Sea); The iceberg principle (hiding things and making readers think) is an article: the method of depicting characters; Character image; The profile shows war.

The Spot on the Wall describes that the hero saw a spot on the wall, which caused a series of rambling reverie, but later it was found that the spot was just a snail crawling on the wall. Virginia? The novels of Woolf (the representative writer of stream-of-consciousness novels in Britain) (the first one is Proust's Memories of Time Past), The Waves, To the Lighthouse, Jacob's Room and Mrs. Dalloway are like a spider's web. Maybe it is only slightly attached, but it still sticks to life on four feet. "In the unfettered flow of consciousness, express their true views on life.

Unit 2 Scene

The Beast of Guns (selected from the novel "93") creates a gloomy, mysterious and tragic atmosphere by describing the terrible scene of a cannon falling, and shapes the image of the captain of the artillery team who bravely stood up after dereliction of duty and the image of General Randnak who is severe, cold, decisive and clearly rewarded and punished. Hugo, the leader of the French positive romantic literary movement, has masterpieces such as Notre Dame de Paris, Les Miserables and' 93. The theme of his works is humanitarianism, opposing violence and controlling evil with love. In Hugo's works, the principle of contrast between beauty and ugliness (the role of contrast in scene description and character description) and romanticism are often used. Learning "Cannon Beast" is mainly to master the methods of characters and their image-building, with emphasis on the arrangement of scenes.

Antonov's Apple skillfully arranges four life scenes in chronological order: the prosperous period of manor, the life of middle-class aristocrats, the decline of landlord spirit and the beginning of the era of small landlords, reveals the decline of Russian middle-class aristocrats and their decadent spirit, and sings an elegy for the decline of landlord class. Puning, a Russian writer, was born in a noble family and won the Nobel Prize in Literature for 1933. Representative works include Love of Mijia, Three Rubles, Wandering Zen Trail and Paris. Puning inherited the realistic tradition of Russian classical literature, and his novels paid less attention to the arrangement of plot and structure, but to the depiction of characters and the rendering of environmental atmosphere. (Take the text as an example to analyze)

Unit 3 Theme

Danke (selected from Old Lady Izgil) depicts the glorious image of Danke in a romantic way. For out of the dark, he gave his heart, lit up people's future with that burning heart, and led people to out of the dark. He spoke highly of Danke's spirit of courage, firmness, selflessness and fearlessness, and daring to devote himself to his ideals. The image of Danko expresses the Russian people's desire for freedom and their pursuit of bright ideals. Gorky, a famous writer in the former Soviet Union, was called "the greatest representative of proletarian art" by Lenin. Representative works: Song of Haiyan, Mother, On Earth, My University (autobiographical trilogy), The Life of Kerim Samgin (Chronicle of Russian Spiritual Life). "Danke" is a romantic, imaginative and fictional character, plot and environment, which is not in reality. In fact, it implies a symbolic meaning and is a reflection of real life. This article: the symbolic meaning of the characters, the meaning of digging the heart, and the author's writing style.

The story of a teenager's treasure hunt in The alchemist gives people profound enlightenment: everyone's wealth is around him, but it takes courage, wisdom, persistence and hard test to dare to pursue it. Even if it doesn't come true in the end, the pursuit process is an inexhaustible wealth for a lifetime. -It keeps you away from mediocrity and inaction. Paul. Goro, a Brazilian writer. Pilgrimage, the masterpiece, takes self-understanding as the starting point and is good at telling meaningful philosophy with simple language and symbolic means.

Unit 4 character

Natasha (selected from War and Peace) describes Natasha's excitement, excitement and anxiety before attending the dance, her meeting with Duke Andler at the dance and the psychological state that Natasha, who has been betrothed to Andler because of loneliness, is seduced by the beautiful man Anatoly, creating an image of a noble girl who is pure and kind, eager for love and happiness, but too credulous and full of romantic fantasies. Lev. Tolstoy,/kloc-the greatest Russian writer in the 0/9th century. His masterpieces, War and Peace (with epic and chronicle characteristics), anna karenine (the second milestone) and Resurrection (immortal masterpieces of world literature), criticize aristocratic life, advocate moral cultivation and are good at psychological analysis.

Pay attention to "people's thoughts".

Natasha is a classic image in Tolstoy's works.

This paper analyzes these characters and the methods of shaping them.

Suba depicts Sargam Suba's eternal and lonely inner world, and shows us Suba's misfortune and her harmonious integration with nature. When she grew up, due to her own disability, Suba was forced to marry away from her familiar life and fell into greater loneliness. Suba is a beautiful, intelligent, caring and kind woman, and her experience is sympathetic. Tagore, a famous Indian poet and novelist, won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 19 13 (won the prize for the Collection of Lyrics in Chittaglia). Poems such as Mohammed (short stories), poetry anthology Gitanjali, Shipwreck, Gola, Birds, Gardener, Crescent Moon, etc. are leisurely in meditation, full of lyrical flavor, profound philosophical meaning, beautiful and changeable rhythm, and simple and natural aesthetic style.

The works reflect the Indian people's strong desire to change their destiny under the oppression of imperialism and feudal racial system, describe their indomitable struggle, and are full of distinctive patriotism and nationalism.

Unit 5 Plot

Qing soldiers and gourds tells that Qing soldiers like gourds, but this hobby is stifled. They are keen on painting, which shows the author's sympathy for Qing soldiers, criticizes the practice of stifling teenagers' personality rudely, and appeals to people to respect their personality and let them develop freely. Shiga Naoya, the Japanese "God of Fiction", is a representative writer of "Birch School" in modern times. The novel Nocturnal Walking. The characteristics of Shiga Naoya's novels: 1, pursuing individual liberation, advocating humanitarianism and emphasizing human dignity and will. 2. The works are mostly taken from the side, with delicate observation and accurate description. 3. This article: When expressing the theme and shaping the characters, we should master the function of flashback, the significance of contrast and the ups and downs of the plot.

"By the Bridge" vividly describes a touching secret love story through the narrative of "I" crossing the bridge and delicate psychological portrayal, showing the protagonist's complex feelings and persistent pursuit of good feelings. Heinrich B?ll, a German writer, was photographed with a lady in Nobel Prize in Literature in 1972, and she was a representative of postwar literature. The representative works "A Photo with a Lady" and "Wanderer, If You Go to Spa" have grasped the operation of the plot and delicate psychological description.

The sixth unit structure

Livestock Forest (selected from Collected Works of Calvino) describes the mental journey of Italian farmers against invading German Nazi soldiers in plain but humorous language, and shows people's optimistic spirit of defeating fascism. Calvino, Italian writer. The representative work "Invisible City". Italian fairy tales, like fairy tales in reality and the reality in fairy tales, vividly show the situation that people in the western world lose their own essence. This article: master the plot of the article and the role of "procrastination"; Analyze the image of Zhu A and its typical background.

Half a piece of paper introduces a young tenant's two-year life experience (happiness-loneliness, misfortune, sadness-smile) in an almost rough way, reveals the hero's optimistic and positive attitude towards life, and tells us that everything in the past should be cherished. Unfortunately, with the passage of time, we should seize the present and open up a bright future. The representative works of Swedish writer Strindberg, The Drama of Dreams (the pioneer of European expressionism), The Red House and Miss Julie, express profound connotations in a unique way, giving people a refreshing feeling. Write vivid people and things in plain language. This article: Understand the meaning of half a piece of paper; Understand the theme of the novel.

Unit 7 Emotion

"Zlate the Goat" not only pays attention to people in trouble, but also gives the warmth of care to pure sheep who are still faithful in despair through the narrative of unsuccessful experience in selling sheep, which reflects the author's high concern and refined summary of social reality. Isaac Shivi Singh, an American writer, 1978 won the Nobel Prize in Literature for his novel The Magician of the Ruble. His work is "passionate narrative art, rooted in the cultural tradition of Polish Jews, reflecting the general situation of mankind." This article: The function of scenery description; The role of anthropomorphic narration; Understand the theme.

Tuesday Nap Time shows us the persistence of mother's love and the tolerance of the priest through the process of a mother and daughter going to worship their relatives who were killed as thieves, and further reveals the inherent love in human nature. Garcí a Má rquez, Colombian writer, 1982 won the Nobel Prize in Literature. The masterpiece One Hundred Years of Solitude (the representative writer of magical realism caused a literary earthquake in Latin America) combines realism and fantasy. Its novel imagines the world with rich structure, and magic and reality are mixed, reflecting the contradiction of life in the whole South American continent.

Unit 8 Novel

Through the influence of a holy book with no beginning and no end on "I", The Book of the Sand expounds a feeling of infinite possibility and infinite continuity, and shows the author's confusion about the world and fear of the unknown world. Borges is an Argentine writer, a master of short stories in the 20th century, a writer among writers and an intellectual writer. The representative works Passion of Buenos Aires (the place where the Olympic torch was passed) and the collection of short stories (the collection of short stories) are clean and neat in style, concise in words, unique in conception and exquisite in structure. The plot of the novel is often unfolded in the exotic background of the East, which is absurd and full of fantasy and has a strong sense of mystery.

This article: the symbolic meaning of the book of sand; The dilution of the story; A description of the heart.

Fighting Knight uses an illusory technique to write the fact that a poor man was driven away by begging for a shovel of coal from a coal shop, showing us the coldness of the real society and the hardships of people's lives, and expressing the author's criticism and criticism of society. Austrian writer Kafka is a famous expressionist writer in Europe. The representative works "Cave in the Ground", "Metamorphosis" and "Castle" mostly express isolated and desperate individuals surrounded by hostile social environment with grotesque images and symbolic intuition. This article: Understand why you ride a bike? The symbolic meaning of bucket knight? Understand the theme of the text.