How to control the haze technology

Since last winter, many cities in China haze weather frequently. Especially as the capital of Beijing, the serious haze weather is a cause for concern. In Xi'an, Xianyang and other Guanzhong areas in Shaanxi Province, haze weather has also appeared. The haze weather has seriously affected people's traveling and health. How to manage the haze weather has become a hot topic for a while. Misty is not beautiful Shaanxi, building beautiful Shaanxi from letting people breathe fresh and clean air. Scientific planning of the city A key step in the governance of haze According to a provincial meteorological bureau data show that in recent years, Xi'an haze weather continues to occur more often, due to a combination of multiple reasons such as climatic characteristics, topographic structure, social development, human factors. Guanzhong region haze phenomenon is serious, and its special geographical characteristics have a very important relationship. Guanzhong region south of the Qinling Mountains, north of the Loess Plateau in northern Shaanxi, the ground in the "basin", geographically relatively closed, airflow occlusion by the outside world climate impact is relatively small, prone to static winds, as well as frequent inversion of the phenomenon, resulting in high altitude than the phenomenon of high air temperatures in the low altitude, is very detrimental to the haze dispersal. If the city can be developed at the beginning of the city, give full consideration to the geographic and climatic characteristics of Xi'an, in the layout of reasonable planning, will effectively prevent the occurrence of haze weather. Do a good job of urban layout planning, is the first step in the prevention and control of haze weather key. Urban planning is unreasonable, the city scale is too large, the atmosphere is not good diffusion, industrial areas, production areas mixed, pollution is highly concentrated, Shaanxi Provincial Institute of Environmental Sciences, Zhang Zhenwen summarizes the causes of haze weather in Guanzhong region cities. It is imperative to figure out the characteristics of air pollution in Guanzhong region, to provide a scientific basis for urban construction, rational planning of urban layout. For example, the size of the urban core area should be how large, how the layout is conducive to the diffusion of pollutants, how large-scale industrial and mining enterprises should be built in what location and so on. "Natural and climatic conditions are difficult to change, but unfavorable factors should be reasonably avoided in urban planning. We should do a good job of planning in the process of building an international metropolis based on Xi'an's geographic and climatic conditions, and offer scientific advice for urban development." Zhang Zhenwen said. For the whole Guanzhong region's air pollution control, Prof. Zhang Chengzhong, who specializes in air pollution control engineering at Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology (XUAST), believes that, at present, Shaanxi Province's research on vigorous pollution control is mainly concentrated in Xi'an region, while other regions are relatively weak. Guanzhong region, as one of the three major haze regions in China, should be studied as a whole. Should be in-depth research on Xianyang, Weinan, Tongchuan and other places, to figure out the relationship between the spectrum of pollution sources, and figure out the influence of the surrounding areas on the Guanzhong region. Thus building the division of the Guanzhong region ecological zone, in the planning, layout and even industrial scale to put forward constructive suggestions. Scientific and technological innovation to promote energy saving and emission reduction to reduce pollution sources The main sources of atmospheric pollutants are industrial pollution, automobile exhaust, coal combustion, dust and so on. Shaanxi Province is in the middle and late stages of industrialization, the development mode is relatively crude, the industrial structure is dominated by energy and chemical industry, equipment manufacturing industry, high energy consumption, high emission enterprises, to promote energy saving and emission reduction by technological innovation has a huge space. Shaanxi Province has a large number of colleges and research institutes with strong scientific research strength in the fields of coal, chemical, petroleum, new materials and new technology development. If it can give full play to its role, it will be very favorable for the management of atmospheric haze management. For example, Shaanxi Province has 60 million tons of cement production scale, two-thirds of which is concentrated in Guanzhong area. According to statistics, the cement industry in Guanzhong region particulate emissions accounted for 41% of the total industrial emissions, second only to coal-fired boilers. The high solid ratio cement production process of academician Xu Delong of Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology has changed the way of fuel ventilation, so that the concentration of nitrogen oxides in the exhaust gas can be reduced by 60% to 70% compared with the traditional production process. "If the tail gas is treated on this basis, its pollution concentration can be controlled at 20%, leading the international level. If similar technology can be effectively promoted and applied, air pollution control in Shaanxi Province will be on a new level." Zhang Zhenwen said. Technological innovation is an important breakthrough in the management of haze. According to statistics, motor vehicle exhaust emissions account for 20% to 25% of PM2.5, is an important source of air pollutants. Among them, poor oil is the culprit. At present, most of China's "National III" standard, gasoline sulfur content exceeds the European Union and other developed countries and regions as much as 15 times. Xi'an City, more than 1.5 million existing motor vehicles, is expected to double in 2015, tailpipe emissions will increase greatly. Control exhaust pollution, the first thing is to upgrade the oil. China's oil smelting technology, compared with foreign countries there is still a lot of room for improvement, the need for continuous technical research. In addition, from the monitoring of very fine pollutants in the tailpipe, to alternative fuel motor vehicles, in-use diesel vehicles, motor vehicle tailpipe emissions from underground parking lots, as well as motor vehicle tailpipe purification components, etc., need to continue to carry out technological research, so as to determine the Guanzhong region for the technical guidelines and industry standards. Fine particulate matter emitted from coal combustion is an important contributor to atmospheric pollution in China's northern regions, accounting for 20 to 25 percent of atmospheric fine particulate matter in winter. According to Chen Jie, director of the planning institute of the Shaanxi Provincial Academy of Environmental Sciences, at present, although thermoelectric power companies have taken appropriate control measures for the emission of particulate matter, the removal rate is low, and the emission of fine particulate matter is still large. At the same time, China's coal-fired boilers dust removal, desulfurization, etc. to take a separate approach to governance, the lack of effective technical means for the integrated monitoring of the final outfall. "We are working hard on research, and hope to study a set of effective integrated management technology." Scientific and integrated measures to stay away from hazy weather In recent years, Shaanxi Province, in the management of air pollution, the development and promotion of energy-saving emission reduction products, has achieved remarkable results. However, in front of the urgent reality, compared to developed countries and regions, there is still a gap in the promotion of new technologies and products, the transformation of results. Especially in the comprehensive and integrated use of scientific and technological means, tax and financial means, legal means and so on, there are still a lot to learn from. Tianhou filtration technology company, for example, this is a production of diesel fuel purification products in Shaanxi Province, science and technology-based enterprises, its environmental protection products have been awarded 99 national patents, 33 registered trademarks, in the production system of PetroChina, Sinopec production system is widely used. Zhejiang, Fujian and other coastal provinces issued a policy to encourage fishermen to use diesel fuel purification products through the government to contribute 70%, 30% of the fishermen's contribution, and achieved significant social and economic benefits. However, the promotion of its technology in Shaanxi Province is far less than in other provinces. "The application and promotion of new technology requires a lot of money, there is an urgent need for government support, and market expansion needs to be strongly promoted by the government. At the same time, the government also needs to increase support for scientific and technological innovation, provide financial subsidies for scientific research and demonstration projects, and encourage scientific research units and enterprises to reduce costs and develop economically practical technologies." Zhang Zhenwen suggested. The London smog incident in 1952 gave birth to the world's first air pollution prevention and control bill - the introduction of the Clean Air Act.After 1968, the United Kingdom introduced a series of air pollution prevention and control bills, these bills for a variety of exhaust emissions to impose strict constraints and set clear penalties to effectively reduce soot and particulate matter. Currently, China's environmental protection, has introduced a series of laws and regulations, but in the content of the degree of detail, the standard requirements, the completeness of the system, and other aspects of the western developed countries there is still a big gap. Zhang Zhenwen called for, "science and technology to be invested, management policy should also keep up. Take comprehensive measures, multi-pronged approach to manage the haze weather, so that people breathe fresh and clean air!"