(15) Confucianism is the mainstream of traditional culture in China. Read the material and answer the questions. The Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period are the national system and

(15) Confucianism is the mainstream of traditional culture in China. Read the material and answer the questions. The Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period are the national system and society of our nation.

(1) The benevolent loves others; Self-denial; Governing the country by virtue. (3 points)

(2) Viewpoint: Deny that the theory of Confucius and Mencius is eternal. Reasons: the absolute monarchy has been strengthened unprecedentedly; The natural economy is still dominant, and the development of capitalist bud is seriously hindered; Stereotyped writing takes literati and engages in cultural autocracy; Zhu Cheng's Neo-Confucianism occupies a dominant position; Li Zhi's thought itself has not formed a mature theoretical embodiment. (8 points)

(3) Viewpoint: Confucianism is a tool to maintain feudal monarchy. (2 points) Historical facts: Dong Zhongshu's Neo-Confucianism believes that "the monarch is endowed by heaven" and advocates that unification serves feudal autocracy; Zhu Cheng's Neo-Confucianism advocates upholding justice, eliminating people's desires, and maintaining autocratic rule with the Three Cardinals and the Five Permanent Principles. (2 points, only one point. )

Test analysis: (1) In the material, "Confucius was the first person to put forward the strategy of saving the world", but in fact this question examines Confucius' political views. According to the knowledge learned, the core proposition of Confucius' thought is "benevolence and propriety", in which "benevolence" means that the benevolent loves others, and "propriety" means self-denial and propriety; Advocate and practice the rule of virtue. These thoughts of Confucius are conducive to easing social contradictions and stabilizing social order.

The material says: "salty Confucius is right and wrong, so there is no right and wrong ear." ..... Although I brought Master back to life, I don't know what to do. ..... ",from which we can see that Li Zhi opposes taking Confucius' words as the standard of judging right and wrong, and denies that Confucian classics are eternal. The second question can be analyzed and summarized from three aspects: politics, economy and thought in Ming and Qing Dynasties. Therefore, the reasons why Li Zhi's thought did not open up a new path in history are as follows: politically, the absolute monarchy has been strengthened as never before; Economically, the natural economy still dominates, and the development of capitalism is seriously hindered; Ideologically, stereotyped writing takes literati and engages in cultural autocracy; Zhu Cheng's Neo-Confucianism occupies a dominant position; Li Zhi's thought itself has not formed a mature theoretical embodiment.

According to the material, "Confucianism is strict and equal, and it values order. Those who take measures belong to the monarchy." ..... It is most appropriate for emperors to govern the people ","The biggest shortcoming of Confucianism is to speak for the monarch, not for the people ",which shows that Liang Qichao thinks Confucianism is a tool to maintain feudal hierarchical order and maintain absolute monarchy. The second question, combined with what I have learned, is that Dong Zhongshu's thought of "divine right of monarch" is new Confucianism and unified, which is conducive to maintaining the feudal monarchy; Zhu Cheng's Neo-Confucianism advocates upholding justice, eliminating people's desires, and maintaining autocratic rule with the Three Cardinals and the Five Permanent Principles.