What are the positions of civil and military officials in the imperial court and how many?

I don't quite understand what the landlord means. In ancient China, due to different dynasties, the names of official positions were different, and some official positions also changed with the times. I wonder which dynasty the landlord wants to ask? So, I will list the "three public and nine public" that everyone often says:

Sangong, Jiuqing and Lieqing all have their own temples to handle daily affairs. Major events converge on the prime minister, or finally ask the emperor to make a ruling.

These three exhibitions are:

(1) prime minister, an official who accepted the emperor's orders and assisted the emperor in charge of the world administration;

(2) Qiu, the highest official in charge of the military;

(3) An ancient scholar, who mainly manages notes, is equivalent to a deputy prime minister. His main duties are to manage books, memorialize and supervise civil and military officials. Under the suggestion, there was an suggestion, Zhong Cheng, who was in charge of the secretary and supervised the civil and military officials. Empire, in charge of documents; In order to supervise the censor, the central government sent it to local counties to supervise the censor.

There are nine ministers under the three fairs, which are the central administrative organs and are responsible for specific administrative affairs such as sacrifice, etiquette, military affairs, administration, justice, culture and education. Including:

(1) Feng Chang, who is in charge of ancestral temple etiquette, has a high position and is the first of the nine Qing;

(2) the doctor in charge of the palace guards;

(3) Wei Wei, in charge of the guards at the palace gate;

(4) too servant, in charge of the imperial palace horse and national horse administration;

(5) court guards, who are in charge of judicial trials;

(6) electricity department, responsible for foreign affairs and ethnic affairs;

(7) Zong Zheng, in charge of royal and imperial affairs;

(8) Manage the internal history of Xiaomi and take charge of tax revenue and expenditure;

(9) Shaofu is in charge of the mountain and sea pond tax for the royal family.

Sangong is the collective name of the three most respected official positions in the ancient court of China. The Western Han Dynasty considered Sima, Situ, Sikong or Taifu, Taishi and Taibao as three. There were no three fairs in the Qin Dynasty. In the early years of the Western Han Dynasty, procedures and censors were the main figures who inherited the Qin system to assist the emperor in governing the country. There is also the highest military attache Qiu, but I don't buy it often. Since Emperor Wudi, influenced by Confucian classics, Prime Minister, Imperial Advisor and Qiu have been called "Three Fairs".

In order to strengthen centralization of authority, Liu Che weakened the power of the prime minister. During the reign of Emperor Zhao, the position assisted by Huo Guang was General Fu. Later, Zhang Anshi, Shi Gao, Wang Feng and other ministers who enjoyed heavy power all held the post of General Fu. So the great Sima Quanling rode above the Prime Minister. In the first year of He Sui (the first eight years), He Wu's suggestion was adopted, and the suggestion was changed to general, and the method of Fu and general was improved to be equal to Cheng Gen, thus establishing a three-metric system of Fu, general and prime minister. In the second year of Ai Yuanshou (1), the name of the Prime Minister was changed to Da Situ, which is completely consistent with the three names mentioned in this article. And put the original Taifu and the newly added Taifu and Taibao above the three fairs, with high titles and no real power. Although there were three pillars in the Western Han Dynasty, Fu was still the most powerful. In the new era, it followed the three metric systems of the Western Han Dynasty.

There were three officials in the early years of the Eastern Han Dynasty. In 5 1 year, Fu was changed to Qiu, and Da Situ and Da Si were changed to Situ,. Each of the three fairs has a history of thousands of stones, and each has dozens of people. Take Taiwei as an example. There are Cao, Cao Dong, Cao Hu, Cao Zou, Cao Ci, cao thief, Cao Cang, who are in charge of everything. Sangongfu was referred to as Sanfu for short at that time. Taiwei still ranks first in the three fairs.

Liu Xiu, Emperor Guangwu of Han Dynasty, carried out a more extreme centralization of imperial power, and did not make power belong to ministers. In name, he set up three senior officials, but the real power gradually returned to Shangshutai. And emperors, imperial envoys, consorts and eunuchs are more authoritarian. The general opened the house and set up a butler, ranking above the three fairs. The three fairs not only surrendered to ministers, but also to consorts, eunuchs and some even their confidants. According to scholars, the prime minister assisted the emperor in managing Yin and Yang and arranging the four seasons. If there are various differences, the emperor and the prime minister will blame themselves. In the Eastern Han Dynasty, the criminal responsibility of the emperor was transferred to the three public offices, so whenever disasters such as floods and droughts occurred, the three public offices were often exempted. Nominally, the three fairs are "prepared for themselves".

At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Dong Zhuo was the prime minister, ranking above the three fairs. In 208 AD, Cao Cao went to Sangong and set up a prime minister and an ancient adviser, with Cao Cao himself as the prime minister. In the Han dynasty, the three-metric system, which had been implemented for 200 years, came to an end.

Cao Wei restored the system of Ming, San and Gong. During the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, Sangong was still in the best position, and the government set up aides. However, the purchase right was further transferred to the Shangshu institution. In the Sui Dynasty, the three official positions were no longer open, and all the assistants were revoked, which completely became a virtual position or "upper position". After the Song Dynasty, they were often called Taishi, Taifu and Taibao, but the nature of their virtual titles remained unchanged and gradually evolved into adding officials and giving them away. Ming and Qing are the same.

Jiuqing

A court official who was in charge of government affairs during the Qin and Han Dynasties and gradually lost his real power after the Wei and Jin Dynasties.

Different generations of "Jiuqing" are different. In the Western Han Dynasty, Jiuqing meant Lieqing or other ministers. There is such a saying in the pre-Qin literature, but there is no such system in the Qin Dynasty, and the names of Jiupin nobles are not seen in the early years of the Western Han Dynasty. It was only after Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty that people attached a high-ranking official with a rank of 2,000 stones to Gu Jiuqing because of the influence of Confucian retro trend of thought. In Xuan Di and Yuan Di, the title of Jiuqing appeared in imperial edicts. However, there are more than a dozen honest officials in Hanshu, such as Taichang, Guangluxun, Taifu, Tingwei, Dahong, Dasinong, Shaofu, Wei, Zhi Jinwugong, Right Civil History, Left, Lord Jue and Prince Taifu. If we define Jiuchong as nine official posts and start from scratch, in terms of system, 2000 stones will be clear. That is to say, Fu, Da Situ Sizhi, Da Siruo, He, Zuo Tu, Zhi Zong, Dian Le, * * Gong, and Jiu Qing belong to the three fairs.

Like New China in the Eastern Han Dynasty, the central government had nine official posts. The Book of Continued Han Dynasty defines Taichang, Guangluxun, Wei, Taifu, Tingwei, Dahonglu, Zong Zheng, Dasinong and Shaofu as Jiuqing. After Jiuqing was designated as nine officials, other important officials close to Jiuqing were excluded from Jiuqing. From the late Eastern Han Dynasty to the Three Kingdoms, some people tried to defend this unreasonable phenomenon. Liu Xi's Ming Shi denies that there were nine Qing Dynasties in the Han Dynasty, and thinks it is twelve Qing Dynasties. Zhao Wei's "Argument and Interpretation of Names" thinks that Jiuqing is to correct Jiuqing, and there are so-called foreign ministers besides Jiuqing.

After Wei and Jin Dynasties, Jiuqing was mostly the same as the Eastern Han Dynasty, and only Tingwei was sometimes renamed Dali. Northern Wei Dynasty changed Shaofu into Taifu. Therefore, the Jiuqing in Sui and Tang Dynasties were Taichang, Guanglu, Wei, Tai Fu, Dali, Hong, Sinong and Tai Fu, and had no administrative power. There were many provinces and amalgamations in Southern Song Dynasty, Jin Dynasty, Yuan Dynasty, Nine Qing Dynasty. In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, it was changed into six departments, namely, officials, households, rituals, soldiers, punishments and workers, all of which were suggestions, and Dali Temple Secretary and General Political Department Ren Jiuqing. The former nine officials may have reservations, but they all became empty titles or additional officials.