What private gardens are there in Jiangnan?

Question 1: The characteristics of private gardens in the south of the Yangtze River The Ming and Qing Dynasties were a period of integration of China's garden architecture. During this period, apart from large-scale royal gardens, feudal literati also built a large number of home gardens with mountains and rivers as the backbone and interesting forests as the content to meet the needs of daily gatherings, leisure, feasting and living.

The private gardens of feudal literati were mostly built in cities or suburbs, which were associated with houses. In a small area, the pursuit of spatial artistic change, elegant and exquisite style, to achieve the artistic conception of seeking interest in the middle, and to meet the novel requirements.

Home gardens are mostly "urban forests", with many pavilions and trees. In terms of quantity, it is almost all over the country, and its three relatively concentrated places are Beijing in the north and Suzhou, Yangzhou, Hangzhou and Nanjing in the south. Among them, Jiangnan private gardens are the most typical representatives.

Private gardens in the south of the Yangtze River are natural landscape gardens that mainly open ponds to build mountains. There are many rivers and lakes in the south of the Yangtze River, with unique natural conditions and many gardening materials such as Taihu Stone, which provide very favorable conditions for gardening activities in the south of the Yangtze River.

Jiangnan gardens are not only different from northern gardens in style, but also have certain differences in use requirements. Jiangnan gardens are mainly located in Yangzhou, Wuxi, Suzhou, Huzhou, Shanghai, Changshu, Nanjing and other places, among which Suzhou and Yangzhou are the most famous and representative, and Suzhou is the place with the most private gardens. To this end, Suzhou is also known as "the first garden in the south of the Yangtze River, and the first garden in the south of the Yangtze River in Suzhou".

Yangzhou, an ancient cultural city, had more than 0/00 gardens/kloc, large and small, during the Kanggan period of the Qing Dynasty. Therefore, there is a saying that "Yangzhou wins with gardens". Because Yangzhou is located between the north and the south, it combines the artistic techniques of gardening between the north and the south, forming a unique style of Yangzhou gardens called "Northern Xiongnan Xiunan". Since Sui and Tang Dynasties, due to Yangzhou's economic prosperity, rich businessmen and literati gathered, which greatly promoted the development of Yangzhou gardens.

Suzhou, located in the water town south of the Yangtze River, is characterized by criss-crossing waterways, suitable climate, lush plants, rich varieties of flowers and trees, and locally produced lake stones. Rock-piling skills on the mountain are brilliant, the gardening conditions are particularly superior, and the materials are very rich. Therefore, the rich Suzhou has become an important place for bureaucrats to plunder and enjoy themselves. At the end of feudal society in Ming and Qing dynasties, Jiangnan, which was economically developed, became the focus of private gardens. The afforestation activities in Suzhou reached * * *, and bureaucratic landlords rushed to make gardens, which became a fashion for a while. The wind of gardening lasted for more than 300 years, and Suzhou became the focus of private gardens.

Royal gardens are generally balanced, symmetrical, solemn, luxurious and majestic. Private gardens in the south of the Yangtze River are mostly built in cities and connected with houses. Covers a small area, ranging from one or two acres to dozens of acres. In dealing with the landscape, he is good at making great changes in a limited space and skillfully forming ever-changing scenic spots and tourist routes. Pink walls, flower windows or corridors are often used to divide landscape space, but they are continuous and interesting. Through the leaking window like a picture frame, different pictures are formed, which are endless and meaningful, and stimulate tourists' interest in exploring secluded places. There is a virtual reality, the scene changes, the priorities are clear, the scene is meaningful and interesting.

For example, in Suzhou Humble Administrator's Garden, the center of the garden is Yuanxiang Hall, surrounded by beautiful panes, like a painter's view frame, and people can enjoy the scenery through the panes in the hall. Opposite Yuanxiangtang, on the hill covered with green leaves, there is a snowy cloud pavilion with wintersweet planted around it. In the east corner, pavilions and rockeries are dotted with slender magnolia and bright peach blossoms; Looking to the west, the lotus wind of Zhu Hongdong's beam surrounds the pavilions, and the swaying wickers make it look elegant and quiet in the spring moonlight. There are many kinds of plants and flowers in China. Planting trees and flowers is full of interest, and the architecture is exquisite and lively, giving people a relaxed feeling.

Skillful borrowing is another feature of Jiangnan gardens. Use the technique of borrowing scenery to make the full land look like the earth. The way to borrow scenery is usually to combine the distant or near landscapes at home and abroad organically by leaking acres, so that the limited space can be extended indefinitely, which makes it inevitable for people to visit China. Sometimes China also has countries, big countries and small countries, which leads to changeable space and rich levels. This kind of garden in the garden often has a wound on my only road and passes through a sheltered depression, but when you feel that there is no way to answer the question, the team is "another village", which makes me sometimes "detour" to borrow his things and distant scenery for me to have, so as to enrich the landscape.

Private gardens in the south of the Yangtze River are mostly run by feudal literati, literati and landlords. Compared with the Royal Gardens, they operate on a smaller scale, so they pay more attention to details and exquisite architecture. Inside the private garden buildings in the south of the Yangtze River, there are all kinds of calligraphy and painting, handicrafts and exquisite furniture. This is > >

Question 2: What are the famous private gardens in China? Humble Administrator's Garden: Located in the northeast street of Loumen, Suzhou, it is the largest private garden in Suzhou. Founded in the fourth year of Zheng De in Ming Dynasty (1509). Today's gardens are generally in the scale of the late Qing Dynasty, and consist of three parts: the Central District (Humble Administrator's Garden), the Western District (Supplementary Garden) and the Eastern District (Homecoming).

Lingering Garden: It was built outside Nagato, Suzhou during the Jiajing period of Ming Dynasty (1522- 1566). Once known as Hanbi Building, also known as Liuyuan, it was rebuilt during Guangxu period and renamed as Liuyuan. There are twelve peaks in the garden, of which the cloud peak is the most prominent.

Master Park: Friendship Road in Suzhou was called "fishing seclusion" in the Southern Song Dynasty. Rebuilt in Qing Dynasty, renamed Netscape Garden. It is considered as the masterpiece of "literati garden".

Jichang Garden: Located at the foot of Huishan Mountain in the western suburb of Wuxi, it was founded in Zheng De's reign of Ming Dynasty (1506- 152 1), formerly known as Gu Feng Xingwo. Later, its owner named it after Wang Xizhi's poem "Sending mountains and rivers to the shade".

Geyuan: Located in Dongguan Street, Yangzhou City. At present, this garden was rebuilt on the former site of Shouzhi Garden in Ming Dynasty by Huang Zhijun, the general manager of salt affairs in Lianghuai during Jiaqing period of Qing Dynasty (1796- 1820).

Yuyin Mountain Residence: Also known as Yuyin Garden, located in Panyu, Guangdong Province, was built in the sixth year of Tongzhi in Qing Dynasty (1867) and is one of the four famous gardens in Guangdong. The couplet in the door "can hold three bows and red rain, and a dark green cloud in a cloudy corner" is exactly the sentence of this garden.

Question 3: Which of the following are the characteristics of private gardens in Jiangnan? A, B and C

D does not belong.

Question 4: What are the characteristics of private gardens in southern China? The characteristics of gardens in the south of the Yangtze River are: "Beauty is small, beauty is scenery, preciousness is changing, and affection is long", "twists and turns follow people's wishes, and benefits are empty words". This is also the essence of China garden art.

Question 5: Who is Theory of Three Represents from the private small garden in the south of the Yangtze River? Humble Administrator's Garden, Lingering Garden, Yuyuan Garden.

Question 6: The difference between imperial gardens in Ming and Qing Dynasties and private gardens in Jiangnan 1. On the scale.

Royal gardens generally have a balanced, symmetrical, luxurious and majestic atmosphere. First of all, the vast area reflects the "spectacular" of the royal gardens in Ming and Qing Dynasties. For example, the Summer Palace has more than 4,300 mu. Secondly, the grandeur of the royal garden is also manifested in its large mountains, large waters, many buildings and large volume. For example, the Summer Palace, covering the whole Wanshou Mountain and Kunming Lake, has more than 3,000 palace garden buildings, which shows its large scale. Private gardens in the south of the Yangtze River are mostly built in cities and connected with houses. Covers a small area, ranging from one or two acres to dozens of acres. In dealing with the landscape, he is good at making great changes in a limited space and skillfully forming ever-changing scenic spots and tourist routes. There is a virtual reality, the scene changes, the priorities are clear, the scene is meaningful and interesting.

2. Design technology

Compared with private gardens, royal gardens have the beauty of order and symmetry in different degrees. Its architectural layout is arranged according to the palace pattern, that is, the pattern of complementary primary and secondary, symmetrical left and right, the garden road layout is in the geometric form of vertical and horizontal regularity, and the flowers and trees in the mountain pond are only used as the foil of the building and the ornament of the courtyard. This well-planned royal garden style is influenced by the traditional idea of "being in order", which makes the palace in order. The owners of private gardens are mostly literati, and their gardens mainly reflect the literati's love for natural landscapes and their detachment from the secular complex. Under the guidance of this idea, private gardens pursue a kind of wild interest and simple natural beauty, and are used to infinitely expanding and extending the scenery in a limited space. Therefore, private gardens will never pursue a symmetrical, neat and unified order, but pursue a diverse and naturally irregular layout of all parts.

3. Architectural style

The architecture of the royal garden not only has material and practical functions, but also pays attention to its spiritual functions: with the help of the style beauty of the royal garden architecture, it strengthens and renders the sacred majesty of the emperor and achieves spiritual "sublime everywhere". Therefore, the architecture of the royal garden highlights the ritual thought of "imperial power is supreme and the son of heaven is majestic", and its layout is mostly based on the overall grandeur, which is a huge single building and a rich architectural combination. The "gorgeous" architectural style is mainly reflected in the color tone, decoration and interior painting and furnishings of the building, giving people a magnificent feeling. Buildings in royal gardens often use strong primary colors, such as yellow-green glazed tiles on the roof and red columns on the roof, in order to achieve sharp contrast. For example, the main building complex of the Summer Palace-the promenade along the lake, with a total length of more than 700 meters, has 273 rooms, green columns and columns, which are dazzling like a rainbow. There are more than 8,000 colorful paintings of scenic figures in Soviet style painted on the beams and beams of the promenade, which embodies the royal style and is a rare macro structure in the northern palace.

On the contrary, private gardens pay attention to the twists and turns, fluency and lightness of lines in the architectural appearance. The color tone style pursued by Jiangnan garden architecture is a kind of natural carving and elegant beauty of clear water hibiscus. Private gardens in the south of the Yangtze River are mostly run by literati, literati and landlords. Compared with the royal gardens, they are operated on a small scale, so they pay more attention to details and exquisite architecture.

Hope to adopt

Question 7: The characteristics of private gardens in Jiangnan 15 are distributed to boys and girls who have never done ML.

Question 8: What are the design principles and techniques of private gardens in Jiangnan? As long as Jiangnan gardens are tortuous and beautiful, most of them are beautiful. In landscape design, there are many Taihu stones, which are empty, slippery, leaking and thin.

Question 9: What are the four famous stones in Jiangnan private gardens? Where are they located? The four famous stones in private gardens in Jiangnan are: 1. Lingbi stone, which is produced in Lingbi, Anhui; 2. Taihu Stone is produced in Feixian County of Shandong Province and Dongting Lake of Taihu Lake of Jiangsu Province; Third, Shi Ying, produced in Yingde, Guangdong; Fourthly, Kunshi is produced in Kunshan City, Jiangsu Province.