Introduction to crosstalk, the story of crosstalk masters.

A folk rap art. Mainly oral performances. It is a popular performing art form of Quyi, which is rooted in the people and comes from life. [1][ Edit this paragraph] Early development of historical evolution

The word "cross talk" originated in ancient times, initially referring to imitating other people's words and deeds, and later developed into an image voice. The image sound is also called the image sound next door. Crosstalk originated from the folk rap art in northern China and prevailed in Ming Dynasty. After the development of the Qing Dynasty until the early years of the Republic of China, the image voice gradually developed from a person imitating ventriloquism to stand-up crosstalk, and the name also became crosstalk. One type of stand-up crosstalk has gradually developed into various types of stand-up, counterpart crosstalk and group crosstalk, becoming a veritable crosstalk. After years of development, cross talk has finally become the most popular form of cross talk for the audience.

Zhang Sanlu is the earliest crosstalk artist with written records. According to relevant records, it is speculated that Zhang Sanlu was originally a Peking Opera octagonal drum clown, and later changed to crosstalk. His artistic career began in Daoguang period of Qing Dynasty. The children's book "Follow the Fate" says: "Learning cross talk is like reviving Zhang Sanlu, and the copper mule is like winning three games." But generally speaking, Zhu Shaowen (poor and not afraid) is called their granddaddy by the record makers.

During the period of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, some crosstalk performers showed national integrity. Often arrested twice for satirizing the Japanese government. Zhang Shouchen publicly praised Ji Hongchang and others for their resistance to Japan, criticized the authorities' policy of non-resistance, and got into trouble by satirizing the "meanness" of Tianjin police at that time.

The development of Chinese mainland

After 1949, a large number of actors, represented by Hou, who were talking about cross talk before the founding of the Party in China, gradually reformed the content of cross talk, removing a lot of jokes such as pornography and satirizing others' physical defects. Crosstalk quickly became popular and became a national and national quyi form. One of the reasons for the popularity of cross talk is that it is an art based on sound, which is suitable for popular wireless broadcasting as the main media. Crosstalk is called "the light cavalry on the literary front".

In addition to the rearranged traditional crosstalk, there were many satirical crosstalk in the early days, satirizing people who were backward in thinking in the "old society" or the new era. However, due to the policy of the * * * production party, some people realized the necessity of praising socialist cross talk. During the period of general line 65438-0958, a number of cross talks that were eulogized began to appear in large numbers. Ma Ji and others were the representatives.

However, in the subsequent Cultural Revolution, many crosstalk artists were suppressed, which once made crosstalk disappear in Chinese mainland, and only some crosstalk that was praised could still be performed during the Cultural Revolution.

After the Cultural Revolution, crosstalk quickly became popular. A large number of comic dialogues satirizing the Gang of Four, represented by "So Taking Pictures" by  and "Hat Factory" by Chang and Chang Guitian, quickly became popular. In the past, crosstalk between Hou and others was replayed on the radio.

1980s, under the impact of the increasingly popular Quyi sketches, simple cross talk was no longer favored by the audience with TV as the main media. Some new forms of cross talk have been developed, such as performing cross talk and cross talk drama, but the market is still small (at the same time, a lot of cross talk elements have been absorbed into sketches). Nevertheless, crosstalk has made great progress in this period: a new generation of actors emerged, and new crosstalk jokes of various contents and forms were put on the stage, forming a "contemporary crosstalk" different from the previous ones. There are many well-known examples, whether praising entertainment or criticizing the shortcomings of the times. In all kinds of literary occasions in this period, crosstalk was still the protagonist of entertaining the public.

From the middle and late 1990s, crosstalk began to decline, with fewer and fewer new jokes, less and less satirical content, and the old-fashioned pure entertainment style crosstalk began to occupy the absolute mainstream position. At the same time, crosstalk performers, including many well-known actors, left the crosstalk stage to take up other jobs, but few newcomers could take over. The status of cross talk is gradually replaced by prosperous sketches.

From 265438 to the beginning of the 20th century, cross talk was no longer popular in Chinese mainland: the older generation of artists fell down one after another, and the popular actors in the1980s also showed their inability to develop cross talk; In the "National Crosstalk Competition" held to revive cross talk, the new generation has never flourished. (China CCTV held four national crosstalk contests on New Year's Day in 2002, New Year's Day in 2003, National Day in 2006 and May Day Golden Week in 2008. The first and second sessions were well received by the audience, but the third and fourth crosstalk contests were accused as "crosstalk contests without crosstalk". At the closing ceremony of the Third Crosstalk Competition, Ma Ji's cross talk with hosts Zhou Tao and Bi Fujian became Ma Ji's last public cross talk performance. The future of cross talk is not optimistic by most people, but outside the media, many cross talk troupes that perform in the traditional way still retain a certain level and have a considerable audience. In many small theaters and teahouses in Tianjin, you can hear quite wonderful traditional cross talk. Degang Guo, who also performed in a teahouse in a traditional way, suddenly became popular after 2005. Although he is different from the real teahouse crosstalk, he still brings some recognition to the tradition to the audience.

Development of Taiwan Province Province

During the period of 1949, the Kuomintang government retreated to Taiwan Province province, and a group of crosstalk performers also arrived in Taiwan Province province. At that time, Wei Longhao () and Wu met and co-hosted cross talk programs on China Broadcasting Corporation, police radio and other radio stations. Subsequently, from 65438 to 0967, he began to collect information and compile Crosstalk Collection, Crosstalk Collection, Crosstalk Anecdote and Crosstalk Supplement.

At first, the main audience of crosstalk was mainlanders with family background. In recent years, the stage play "That Night, We Crosstalk" (starring Li Liqun and Hugh Lee) was released by the performance workshop (referred to as "Biaofang") on 1985, which caused a sensation.

Then at 1989, the "standard party" released "Who will talk about crosstalk tonight?" Tan, the Wonder of Taiwan Province, and Stand-up Crosstalk starring Chen Lihua were released on 199 1, Crosstalk at Night (reinterpreted by You and Feng Yikang) was released on 1993, and Once Again was released on1993. Finally, in 2005, the crosstalk "Night Talk" starring Fang Fang and Deng He was released.

1In April, 1988, Feng Yikang and Song Shaoqing formed a crosstalk tile house (later joined Huang Shiwei) and began to create and perform a stage play integrating crosstalk art. On July 8, 2004, he helped the "Energy Troupe" to launch its first work "Give me a piece of tape".

1993, Taipei Quyi Troupe was established. In addition to cross talk, there are many unique rap arts in China, such as double reed, counting treasures, quick books, Jing Yun drum, plum blossom drum, Hexi drum, immortal, Taiping lyrics and so on.

In 2004, Ni co-starred with the artist and De Menqian in "Big House, No Way", and in the same year, Ni Jiasheng and his son jointly released "Talking Big". In May 2005, he won the 16 Golden Melody Award, the best Quyi album of traditional art music works.

The development of Ma Xin area

After the civil war in China, some performing groups from southern China went to Malaya to develop (at that time, Singapore and Malaysia were not yet independent). Crosstalk artists Feng Xiang, Bai Yan and Lu Ding performed cross talk in Ma Xin. Due to the unique multilingual environment in Ma Xin, Ma Xin crosstalk is more unique than mainland crosstalk and Taiwan Province crosstalk. However, because Chinese is not the mainstream language, there are few professional actors in Ma Xin's phonological circle. [Edit this paragraph] The classification of crosstalk can be divided into:

● Stand-up crosstalk

Long stand-up crosstalk, usually performed several times, is similar to storytelling, but pays more attention to paragraphs.

● Crosstalk, 2 actors.

Cross talk between men and women, a kind of cross talk, the actors are teasing one by one.

● Crosstalk, with more than 2 actors.

According to the content function classification, can be divided into:

● Satire crosstalk: You can satirize yourself or others, such as Hou's Night Walk (satirizing people who don't obey traffic rules) and Taking Pictures like this (satirizing social phenomena during the Cultural Revolution).

● Symphonic crosstalk: Mainly in Chinese mainland, it usually conforms to the government's policies. For example, Ma Ji's New Peach Blossom Garden (praising the new socialist countryside) and Hou's The Romance of Beijing-Kowloon (praising the builders of Beijing-Kowloon Railway).

Entertainment crosstalk: Speak Dialect, Love Song and so on.

According to the age of the work, it can be divided into:

● Traditional Crosstalk: Late Qing Dynasty and Early Republic of China

● New crosstalk: after 1949.

Contemporary crosstalk: the four basic skills of artistic features after the late 1980s [edit this paragraph]

Speaking, learning, teasing and singing are the four basic skills of crosstalk performers.

● Say: tell stories, have a way of speaking, and pave the way.

● Study: imitate various characters, dialects and other sounds, learn to sing famous operas, and learn modern songs and dances.

● Teasing: joking.

● Singing: It is often considered as singing opera and singing. In fact, "singing" means singing "Taiping lyrics".

Traditionally, crosstalk artists have divided the basic skills of crosstalk into thirteen categories, including:

● Ask for money

Low-level ventriloquist

Count the treasures

● Taiping lyrics

● Baisha Sanzi.

● Stand-up crosstalk

● Teasing.

● Bangbang

● Tuankou

● Crosstalk is timid/backward.

● Six goods

● Pass

● Opening small singing

school term

Hum: "Hum" refers to funny or funny words or expressions. Teasing is to make people laugh, which refers to the actor who is responsible for teasing.

● awesome: an actor who tells a story with "teasing" during the performance.

● Baggage: a paragraph in cross talk.

● Liu Huo: Crosstalk based on learning to sing (drama)

● Legs and feet: In the cross talk performance, the actors put on a little makeup to perform the drama, subcontract the roles, enter the role performance, and then quit telling stories.

● Guankou (live): a long, coherent and rhythmic line, typified by the Great Guards and the Articles Society. In the cross talk, there is "Wen is afraid of the article club, and Wu is afraid of the big guards."

● Fear of oral activities: perform in dialects or foreign languages, such as Tofu Club and Shanxi Letters.

● Hang up now (smash, grab): grab the theme on the spot and cause laughter.

Common props

● Wake up: from storytelling, often used for long stand-up crosstalk.

Folding fan: During the performance, it can be virtualized into other objects: knives, guns, sticks (bodyguards), pens (Yang Naiwu's handwriting), drumsticks (spitting lotus flowers) and so on.

Handkerchiefs: They can be used as props when making up, such as Learning Four Provinces, Fighting Tiger with Song Wu and Catching Cao Fang.

● Table, commonly used props in traditional cross talk. When performing cross talk, stand outside the table for fun and stand inside the table with a smile. When performing filariasis, the table is used to distinguish between the front and back stage and the upper and lower doors.

Yu Zi: An instrument that accompanies Taiping lyrics, usually two bamboo boards. [Edit this paragraph] Related performance forms ● Double spring

Low-level ventriloquist

● Opening small singing

● Taiping lyrics supplementary answer: traditional cross talk

Looking for a church meeting, a big bodyguard, an article meeting, boasting about the house, opening a porridge factory, discussing business, signing up, geographical map, Yellow Crane Tower, eight major undertakings, eight fan screens, three myopia, white and other anti-ambiguity, batch of serial stories, batch of three kingdoms, biased three-character classics, deviation of four books, Han Xin's beating the jar, Xiaoxian, anti-four generations, throwing donkeys to take medicine, double locust trees, and so on. Persian Cat, Disciple, Later Years, Wotou Theory, Biased Criticism of Hundred Family Names, 500 Drama Names, Foreign Money Typhoid, Thief Talk, Three-Festival Meeting, Zheng Department, Wheat Field and Clever-mouthed Matchmaker playing riddles, Antique King, Ticket Selling, Speech, Zhu Fuzi, Fenhe Bay, Kangxi Private Visit, Opening Toilet, Eating jiaozi, Exposing Tiles, doggerel, Picking Porridge, Playing. Three-sex man, on business trip, afraid of running the hall, fool going to town, stealing axe, afraid of following classes, reading sacrifices, eating noodles in soup, Wuyi, brother doll, praising horse poems, three lame men and three strange men. Selling medicine and sugar, money addicts returning to their hometowns, cutting cake shelves, learning Manchu, afraid to take a bath, movie-goers wandering the streets, martial arts trainers, learning Beijing dialect, movie-goers turning around, improving doll binding, saying happy dreams, quack doctors and ordering food. The media pulled optical fibers, bought gold pens, surrounded the south of the Yangtze River, borrowed sedan chairs, and demanded military pay. Nine cases (note: the second half of this traditional cross talk has been lost, leaving the first half). Count the treasures. Learn to sing and count to cherish. Sit and count the treasures. Find Chen Gong. Learn to sing miscellaneous songs. Chasing willows. On laughter and laughter in traditional Chinese opera. Huang Er, Shandong. Call out four. Wulongyuan Learn Chinese opera. Learn pendant. The truth. Cornucopia. Count the population. Busy at both ends. Twist your mouth. Increase the number of treasures. Sell horses. Famen Temple. Borrow an arrow from a straw boat. Fight Changsha. Visiting friends with a piano. Belongs to a cow. Twenty-four filial piety. Legend of White Snake, hypocrite, borrowing fire, brother-sister couplets, Meng Jiangnv, fighting for water, upstart, housework, Empress Dowager Cixi entering the palace, learning jargon, yellow and white fat man, on September 9, the prince sought medical treatment. Up to the third grade, astronomy, wedding, learning Xijiang, appellation, abalone, fools learning good, playing Lantern Festival, answering irrelevant questions, trees without leaves, offering pictures, exposing ugliness and disciples Xi, eating moon cakes, customs, southern dialects, story riddles, superstitions, Tianwang Temple, peeling off members' skins, miscellaneous learning to sing, charming and crying. wait for

Modern crosstalk

Deja vu, eighty-first floor, buying monkeys, fishing, night trips, disciples, five senses, dreams in the tiger's mouth, thieves' companions, rats' secrets, it's hard to say whether it's official or not, and the meat is rotten in the pot. Zhang Wenshun [1938.10.17-2009.2.16], the first scientist of Beijing Quyi Troupe, studied under Mr. Tong Dafang. Learn to play drums from Mr. Ye. After retirement, he performed traditional crosstalk with Degang Guo, and initiated the establishment of Beijing Deyun Society Crosstalk Art Research Association with Degang Guo and Jing Li, which was later renamed Beijing Deyun Society. Degang Guo and Jing Li were the first three actors of Deyun Society. Its style is humorous, implicit and unique. Over the years, it has discovered, preserved and staged many endangered traditional stand-up crosstalk. Because of cross talk, perennial tonsillitis, throat paralysis. In the development history of Beijing Deyun Society, the great contribution made by its founder, Mr. Zhang Wenshun, is always recorded. Zhang Wenshun died in Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine at 5: 25 am on February 6, 2009, at the age of 7/kloc-0.