Traditional Culture Encyclopedia - Traditional virtues - The Story of the Duke of Zhou: Uncovering How the Duke of Zhou Degraded Others and Elevated Himself? Famous Historians
The Story of the Duke of Zhou: Uncovering How the Duke of Zhou Degraded Others and Elevated Himself? Famous Historians
What is the story of the Duke of Zhou?
The Duke of Zhou was a great statesman, and he was a great military man, and he was very versatile. He lived through the end of the Shang and the beginning of the Zhou Dynasty, a major historical period of dynastic change, and made outstanding contributions to the establishment of the Western Zhou Dynasty. > The Duke of Zhou first assisted King Wu of Zhou to convene a conference of the lords at Mengjin, and held large-scale military maneuvers to create momentum to the Shang Dynasty ***. At the same time, he also sent spies into the Shang Dynasty to spy on the intelligence, and carried out a strong political offense, winning a large number of nobles and ministers of the Shang Dynasty to rebel against the Shang Dynasty and run to the Zhou Dynasty. In the ninth year of King Wu of Zhou, when the time was ripe, the Duke of Zhou assisted King Wu in deciding to fight with the Shang Dynasty in Muo Ye, and wrote a diatribe called "Oath of Muo", denouncing the tyranny and lawlessness of King Zhou, and encouraging his soldiers to use their lives to fight and kill the enemy with courage. In the great battle, the Duke of Zhou, holding a big axe, and his younger brother, the Duke of Zao, holding a small axe, protected King Wu, and led his army in the charge. > The Shang dynasty fell, and the Zhou army marched into the capital of Yin. In order to pacify the people, the Duke of Zhou assisted King Wu to adopt a series of policies. At that time, the imperial court attached special importance to sacrifices, equivalent to the religious beliefs in some countries and regions nowadays. Therefore, the Duke of Zhou led the people to slaughter animals and held a grand sacrificial ceremony to proclaim the sins of Zhou to the Emperor of Heaven and the people of Yin, which was recognized by the people of Yin. > By the time of King Cheng of Zhou, the number of successive feudal lords of the Zhou Dynasty had reached more than seventy. The Duke of Zhou understood that in order to govern the country well, he had to control the various vassals, and he proceeded to formulate the 'Rites and Music'. That is, the history books say 'the Duke of Zhou made the rites and music'. First of all, the Duke of Zhou established the King of Zhou as the 'Son of Heaven', the ****lord of the world, and the 'Great Patriarch', and the various vassals as the 'Small Patriarchs'. ', which is the earliest 'patriarchal system' spoken of in the history of China's legal system. In this way, the whole country, by the combination of the patriarchal system and the hierarchical system, formed a complete and strict set of etiquette system for the ruler and the ministers, the upper and lower levels, the father and the son, the brothers, the affinity, the honor and the inferiority, the nobility and the inferiority, and so on.This system of etiquette was later inherited and developed by Confucius, and became an important part of Confucius' doctrine, so that when Confucius traveled around the world, he still remembered to 'return to the rites of passage', which was a profound influence.
So, how did the Duke of Zhou disparage others and elevate himself?
Zhou Gong's ability to rule the country is not only reflected in the formulation of rules and regulations, he also has a great style, that is, to recruit talent. How far did the Duke of Zhou go in his quest to find the right person for the job? Once, the Duke of Zhou heard that there is a wise man to visit, if you are eating, quickly spit out the food in your mouth; if you are taking a bath, also quickly pull back your hair, busy out of the guest. He was praised by later generations for his "three spits of dried meat in one meal, and three hair pulls in one bath". Cao Cao composed a poem that said: "Zhou Gong spits out dried meat, the world returns to the heart!" It is exactly the same as the Duke of Zhou. > However, when he was alive, he was too powerful and too much in power, so he was often criticized. That is, his nephew King Cheng, he is also in awe of him, often in the heart of the "guilty of muttering". --How could he know the sincerity of the Duke of Zhou towards his father and son? In the book of Shangshu, there is an article called "The Golden Cord", which records such an incident. > In the year following the Zhou's destruction of the Shang, King Wu Ji Fa was seriously ill. The Duke of Zhou built three altars behind his back, placed jade jewels on the altars, and held the jade kuai himself to pray to his late great-grandfather, King Tai, his grandfather, King Ji, and his father, King Wen. Zhou's prayer is quite interesting, for it can be described as "degrading others and exalting oneself". He said, "My lord, your eldest grandson, Ji Fa, is seriously ill; is it possible that you need the service of your children and grandchildren in heaven? If so, let me, Ji Dan, take his place! I am a man who can talk and do many things, and I am good at serving ghosts and gods. As for your eldest grandson Ji Fa, he is not as capable as I am, so how can he serve well? ...... Now I have divined with the divine tortoise, if you agree with my request, I will take the bik and kui back to wait for your order; if you do not agree with my request, I will throw away the bik and kui. If you don't agree with my request, I will throw away the jade and kui. The results were all auspicious. When he opened the divination book again, they were also auspicious. Zhou Gong was relieved, so he put the prayer into a box, wrapped in gold thread, and collected it. By the next day, King Wu was actually cured. Later on, the Duke of Zhou became the ruler of the country and held great power. However, Uncle Guan and others spread rumors everywhere, and there was a momentary "doubt of the Lord and the State", and the power was unstable. The Duke of Zhou then led his army to the east and cleaned up Uncle Guan and Uncle Cai. However, in the view of King Cheng, this is, after all, a "war between uncles", the heart inevitably knot knot. > In the fall of the year of Zhou Gong's death, when a good harvest was expected, there was a sudden storm of lightning and thunder, and the wind was so strong that not only the crops fell down, but also the trees were uprooted! King Cheng and his ministers were horrified, put on their hats and gowns, and with fear and trembling, they opened the box sealed with golden threads and saw the prayer of the Duke of Zhou. King Cheng brought it to ask the historian, the historian said: the Duke of Zhou asked us to keep it secret, where do we dare to leak it! > King Cheng cried with the prayer in his hand and said, "Duke of Zhou has been working hard for the dynasty, but I, as a junior, didn't know it! Now this is God's way of honoring the Duke of Zhou's great virtue! I must personally officiate at the reburial ceremony of the Duke of Zhou. > Strangely enough, as soon as King Cheng arrived at the outskirts of the city, it started to rain, the wind changed direction, and the fallen crops stood up again. Duke Tai and Duke Zha ordered the people to raise and cultivate all the fallen trees. That year, a rare good harvest was obtained! This "Golden Bind" was probably written by people in the Warring States period based on the history of the early Zhou Dynasty, from which it can also be seen that people in the Shang and Zhou Dynasties attached great importance to the Mandate of Heaven, and even enlightened people like the Duke of Zhou were convinced of it. > After the death of the Duke of Zhou, King Cheng gave him high honors and hid him next to King Wen of Zhou, showing that he was not treated in the way of a courtier.
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