What is the image of the wind in ancient times, as long as there is wind. multiple spot

Wind is flowing air, which was recognized by ancient China people long ago. "Zhuangzi's Theory of Everything" said: "The husband is full of gas, and its name is wind." However, the ancients still had a mystery about the wind, thinking that it was "subtle and ubiquitous, and most of them were everywhere." The place to treat the three wastes is in the air. Don't look at the beginning, don't look at the end ... if you can't get it, you can't stay "[1]. It is even called "the supreme virtue of exhaustive Kun, and the respect of mo ethos." Collocation is invisible to elephants, and everything is in the atmosphere. It is of great benefit to mankind to solve doubts and moisten yellow soil and turn it into a cangyuan [2]. So the ancients worshipped the wind. According to legend, Nuwa's surname is the wind, while the Yellow Emperor takes the wind as the phase. In the Spring and Autumn Period, Ren, Su, Xu and Zhuan Xu all had this style. The ancient geomantic omen was named after choosing a house and a tomb to view the wind and water: "Burying people takes qi as a benefit. As the saying goes,' qi is scattered by the wind, and the boundary water stops. The ancients gathered for it, not for it, so it was called Feng Shui.' [3] In this cultural background, ancient poets are also very sensitive to the wind, and the image of "wind" occupies an important position in ancient poetry.

Wind and season

Ancient China people in agricultural society paid great attention to the change of seasons, and they observed different winds in different seasons. In ancient poetry, the image of "wind" often shows seasonal characteristics.

The wind can bring abundant spring: "The spring breeze is green in Jiang Nanan" (Wang Anshi's boating in Guazhou), and the wind can also create a bleak autumn scenery: "Autumn wind blows the Wei River, and fallen leaves cover Chang 'an" (Jia Dao's History of Upper Wu Chu in Jiang Yi). The ancients also matched the four seasons with four directions. The Book of Rites says: "There is spring in the east, summer in the south, autumn in the west and winter in the north". Therefore, describing winds in different directions can imply different seasons. "The small building was easterly again last night" (Li Yu's "The Mermaid") means that spring is coming again and the easterly wind has started, and a hundred flowers are blooming "(Li Shangyin's untitled) means that spring is about to pass. "Visit Jincheng twice a year, and the east wind comes before autumn" (Luo Yin's Cheng Wei meets an old friend) "East wind" is the antonym of "autumn" and obviously refers to "spring." Saying goodbye, the south wind enters the early summer "(Yao He's" Sending troops to travel to think about snow in Chuzhou "), and" south wind "is one of the characteristics of" early summer ". Yan Shu, a poet in the Song Dynasty, said, "The west wind withered the green trees last night" ("Butterfly Loves Flowers"), and Wang Zhong said, "The leaves in the west wind cover the door alone" ("White Door Feeling Old"). It is self-evident that the "west wind" that can "wither the green trees" makes them "fall leaves" refers to the autumn wind. "The north wind is cool, and the rain and snow are fragrant ("Poetry, Li @ ① Feng, North Wind ")," Meng Dong is cold, and the north wind is sad "("Nineteen Ancient Poems, Meng Dong is cold ") can only be seen in severe winter. Pointing out the direction of the wind can indicate the season, and conversely, the wind with the name of the season can also indicate the direction. Chu Guang -xi wrote "Climbing Circus": "Surabaya reaches Tongbaichuan in the south and Yishan reaches Langya County in the north. The sea is windy and foggy in the morning, and the autumn wind in Pengcheng is strong. The first sentence is written as "south", the second sentence is written as "north", the third sentence implies "east" with "sea" and "morning fog", and the fourth sentence implies "west" with "autumn wind coming". The author writes the circus scenes in turn, but it is not rigid. Because of its flexibility, it is implicit, euphemistic and lively. Because the natural changes in spring and autumn are more obvious than those in Xia Dong, and because hurting spring and grieving for autumn are two major themes in China literature, the frequency of "east wind" and "west wind" in ancient poems is obviously more than that of "south wind" and "north wind".

Some people think that in ancient poetry, "spring breeze" and "east wind" are not exactly the same. "Spring breeze" often appears in the early spring, everything is happy to sprout, and the joy and joy after life recovery comes with the spring breeze. But in late spring, the east wind often blows, and the water has gone. The good times of life pass by in a hurry, and the good times are not often there, so it is difficult to repeat the feast. Therefore, it hurts, resents and annoys spring, which makes' Dongfeng' also bring a layer of sad mood. "People's emotional understanding of the' spring breeze' in early spring and the' east wind' in late spring is still very different" [4]. This statement is not convincing. Huang Shu, a poet in the Song Dynasty, wrote "Dongfeng will try a new ruler and cut the flowers in Chiba with one hand" (Tanchun), which is no different from He's poem "I don't know who cuts thin leaves, but February is like scissors" (Wing Liu). The meticulous work "East Wind Greening the West Lake Bank" (Chen Junheng is called from a high balcony) is in the same strain as Wang Anshi's "Spring Breeze Greening Jiang Nanan" (Dengguazhou). Is there any sadness of "waiting for the east wind, it is always spring" in Zhu's Spring Day? In the same way, saying "something" contains more emotions than saying "spring and autumn", so "east wind" and "west wind" have more image characteristics, which are the unity of depressed and cold weather and sad feelings.