Biography of Ying Yuanyue

Ying Yuanyue (August 23, 1896 - January 21, 1991) was a native of Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, a specialist in internal medicine and a tropical pathologist. First discovered schistosomiasis in mainland China. He also researched in the diagnosis and treatment of cholera, malaria and schistosomiasis. He edited the first Chinese lectures on internal medicine and the first book on tropical diseases.

Chinese name: Ying Yuanyue

Nationality: Chinese

Birthplace: Shimoying Village, Dongxiang, Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province, China

Birthdate: August 23, 1896

Death: January 21, 1991

Occupation: Internal medicine specialist

Graduated from Xiangya Medical College, Connecticut College of Medicine

Graduate Schools: Xiangya Medical College, Connecticut College of Medicine

College of Medicine: University of Connecticut, United States of America. Connecticut College of Medicine

Major Achievements: Editor-in-chief of China's first internal medicine textbook

Representative Works: Tropical Diseases, etc.

Introduction

Ying Yuanyue was a native of Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, China, from 1896 to 1991. He graduated from Hunan Xiangya Medical College in 1921, and was awarded a doctorate degree in medicine by Connecticut College of Medicine. In 1924, he went to Hobkins University School of Medicine in the United States to study internal medicine. In 1924, he went to Hobkins University School of Medicine in the United States to study internal medicine, and in the following year, he went to the London School of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene in the United Kingdom to study tropical diseases. In 1927, he discovered and diagnosed schistosomiasis for the first time in China. 1928, he was invited by the Medical College of the Fourth Central University (the predecessor of the Shanghai Medical College) as an associate professor of tropical diseases, parasitology and experimental diagnostics, and then became a professor of internal medicine in 1932. 1933, he furthered his studies in the Royal Institute of Tropical Diseases in Calcutta, India, and was awarded the degree of Doctor of Tropical Diseases and the Gold Medal, which earned him the honor of being one of the most important doctors in China. In 1933, he studied at the Royal Institute of Tropical Diseases in Calcutta, India, and was awarded a doctorate degree in tropical diseases and a gold medal, the first person in China to receive this medal.

In 1949, he was appointed by the People's Medical College of the East China Military Region (the predecessor of the Second Military Medical University) as professor and head of the Department of Internal Medicine, and was appointed vice president of the Second Military Medical University in 1957. He is a member of the Third National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC), a deputy to the National People's Congress, a deputy to the First to Fourth Shanghai Municipal People's Congress and a member of the Fifth Shanghai Municipal Committee of CPPCC.

Writings

Ying Yuanyue has written extensively in his life, and has published more than 40 papers, such as "The First Discovery of Human Schistosomiasis in the Mainland of China", "Time of Retention of Orphan Bacteria of Cholera in Cholera Patients", and "Relationship Between the Quantity of Plasmodium Falciparum in the Blood and Clinical Attacks". He is the chief editor of "Military Medical Reference" and the series "Infectious Diseases", "Internal Medicine" and "Manual of Internal Medicine". He accumulated many years of experience and research results written by China's first "Tropical Diseases" monograph, 3 times revised and reprinted.

Biography

Ying Yuanyue, with the name of Xuanhe, was born on August 23, 1896, in Shimoying Village, Dongxiang, Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province. In his early years, his family was poor, his grandfather and uncle were both shipbuilders, his grandmother was a fisherwoman, and his father was a scholar who also studied traditional Chinese medicine. At the age of 6, he studied in a private school; at the age of 8, he moved with his family to Wukang in western Zhejiang Province. In 1909, at the age of 14, he was admitted to the church-run Hangzhou Huilan Middle School and worked as a typesetter in the printing office attached to the school to make up for the shortfall in living expenses. 1912, at the age of 18, he graduated with first class honors and was appointed as an instructor of English, Science and Chemistry at the Taizhou Middle School of Zhejiang Province. 1914 he was admitted to the Jinling University in Nanjing. 1916, he was admitted to the Jinling University in Nanjing. 1916, he was appointed as an instructor of English, Science and Chemistry at the Taizhou Middle School of Zhejiang Province. 1916 he was admitted to the Nanjing Jinling University. In 1914, he was admitted to Jinling University in Nanjing, and in 1916, Xiangya Medical College in Changsha, Hunan Province (now Xiangya Medical University) was opened. In 1916, Hunan Changsha Xiangya Medical Specialized School (now Xiangya Medical University) was opened, and he became the first student of Xiangya Medical University, as he was interested in studying medicine. In 1921, he graduated with honors and was awarded the degree of Doctor of Medicine by the State of Connecticut. In 1921, he graduated with honors and was awarded a doctor of medicine degree by the government of Connecticut, U.S.A. In that year, he was sent to Peking Union Medical College to study radiology for half a year (this is the earliest radiology class in China, and most of the students are foreign attending physicians of church hospitals). After graduation, he was invited by his American classmate, Dean Goddard of Shaoxing Fukang Hospital, to be the internal medicine physician of the hospital, and in 1924, he was sponsored by the hospital to go to the United States for further study in internal medicine at the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine. In the summer of the following year, he went to the London School of Tropical Medicine for further study. 1926, he returned to China and became the head of the Department of Internal Medicine of Shaoxing Fukang Hospital.

In 1928, Yan Fuqing, the first president of Xiangya Medical College, founded the Medical College of the Central University of China (later known as the Shanghai Medical College, which is now the Shanghai Medical University) in Shanghai. Ying was invited to be the associate professor and head of clinical internal medicine, tropical diseases, parasitology and experimental diagnostics at the medical school, and was promoted to professor of internal medicine in 1932 at the age of 36. In the following year, the Rockefeller Foundation, was sent to Calcutta, India, Royal College of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene for further study. After completing one year of study, he sat for the Commonwealth Joint Examinations Board and was awarded the Doctor of Tropical Diseases degree with honors and the Gold Medal, becoming the first Chinese scholar to receive this prestigious award.

In 1937, when the "August 13th" war broke out in Shanghai, Shanghai was turned into an isolated island. Ying Yuanyue organized the hospital staff to take in the anti-Japanese wounded. On the eve of the Japanese invasion of Shanghai, Ying Yuanyue and Dr. Wang Linsheng, with the help of patriots from all walks of life, quickly transferred hundreds of wounded and the necessary medical equipment to a safe area. Less than an hour after the transfer, the Zhongshan Hospital site was occupied by the Japanese.

In 1939, the Shanghai Medical College moved inward. Ying Yuanyue led the faculty, students and staff to Yunnan by sea via Hong Kong and Hanoi. In Kunming after several difficulties to borrow the school building, staff and family quarters. Because most of the teaching equipment to stay in Shanghai failed to bring, so the teaching conditions are extremely difficult, in 1941, the Shanghai Medical College moved north to Chongqing, Sichuan Glorious Hill, should be Yuan Yue Yu continue to teach.

In 1942, Ying Yuanyue, as an expert in tropical medicine, was once responsible for investigating the situation along the Indo-China Highway and guiding the work of epidemic prevention.

In the fall of 1943, the General Hospital of the Red Cross Society of China was opened in Gaotanyan, Chongqing, and Ying was appointed head of the internal medicine department, which was soon reorganized as the Chongqing Central Hospital of the Department of Health. Young doctors at the time included Tao Shouqi, Lin Chuanjia, Chen Chao, Zhang Guozhi, Li Zongming, Chi Zhisheng, Guo Cang, Weng Xinshi, Lin Chuanchong, Zeng Guisheng, Zhu Rong'en, Chen Shuching, Qian Yuelian, Liu John, Wu Xichen and others.

You should Mrs. Su Shouzhen doctor in Shanghai Medical College before the internal relocation that is, with their children 4 people to Yunnan, Kunming Provincial Hospital and Huidian Hospital as director of obstetrics and gynecology, is one of China's early obstetricians and gynecologists, she is a superb medical skills, medical ethics, and for the rare good wife and mother. In order to support her husband's work, she took on the burden of raising her children and maintaining a family of seven for a long time under very difficult conditions. Ying Yuanyue in career achievements, and her selfless dedication is inseparable. 1945 spring, Dr. Su unfortunately died of typhus, Ying Yuanyue extremely sad. Because the whole family moved to Chongqing for the impossible, he had to resign from Chongqing, stay in Yunnan to practice medicine. At that time, several large factories in Kunming competed for the appointment of Ying Yuanyue as a special physician, the provincial Kunhua Hospital and municipal hospitals have hired him as a consultant in internal medicine.

In the fall of 1948, Ying returned to Shanghai to reunite with his mother and other relatives who had been away for many years. In 1957, he became vice president of the Second Military Medical University. He served as a member of the National Schistosomiasis Prevention and Control Committee, a member of the Medical Science and Technology Committee of the Ministry of Health of the General Logistics Department of the People's Liberation Army (PLA), an honorary advisor of the Council, a member of the Shanghai Association for Science and Technology, a member of the Science and Technology Committee of the State Ministry of Health, a member of the editorial boards of the Chinese Journal of Medical Science, Chinese Journal of Internal Medicine, and PLA Journal of Medical Science, a member of the Expert Group of the Ministry of Health of the General Logistics Department of the PLA. He is also a member of the expert group of the Ministry of Health of the General Logistics Department of the PLA.

Ying Yuanyue in his later years suffered from chronic bronchitis, chronic obstructive emphysema, chronic pulmonary heart disease, coronary artery atherosclerotic heart disease, prostate cancer, on December 12, 1990 due to liver and kidney syndrome, multi-organ failure in Changhai Hospital, on January 21, 1991, the treatment was ineffective and died. Before his death, he made a will: ① I died in a simple funeral, ② my life in the Second Medical University, after death, the body donated to the school for medical autopsy, ③ family members and children do not make any request to the organization. And will donate the deposit to the school, as medical education and research incentive fund.

Cultivating medical talents

Shanghai Medical College was founded in Wusong, Shanghai, and it was very inconvenient for him to bring his own teaching aids to and from each class by small train. However, he was always on time for his classes and never came late or left early. During the Anti-Japanese War, many of his colleagues were worried about the hardships in the mainland and were reluctant to move inward, and some of the slightly more prestigious doctors were licensed to practice medicine, which generated a substantial income. And he insisted on leading many aspiring teachers and staff to move far away from Kunming. When he was teaching in Kunming, he lived in Beimen Street, clinical practice in Kunhua Hospital, experimental diagnostic classes in 6 kilometers away from the Bailongtan. He carried teaching aids and assistant teacher Zhu Yidong to each class on foot, rain or shine, even when the Japanese air raids and harassment never stop. In Chongqing, he was a senior professor, a small monthly salary, has been with the students to eat and live together. After his wife died in Kunming, he had to practice medicine in his students' clinic in order to support his children. However, he never charged the poor, such as many poor professors, poor students of the Southwest United University for medical treatment, all free of charge. When he was a consultant in internal medicine at the provincial Kunhua Hospital, he checked the rooms three times a week and gave lectures once a week. His lectures were concise and clear, easy to memorize; he was sincere and kind to patients, meticulous and responsible. In those years, there was a poor student who came to Yunnan from North China in exile and was unknown to the patient, and when he saw that he was thinly clad, he gave him a tweed overcoat. Lecture to Kunhua Hospital that night, young doctors see him thin winter clothes, the group thought strange, and then understand the inside story, y touched, is the collection of funds to buy tweed coats to send; for him to measure the size of the fear of being found by him, is a lie that the hospital for its production of white coats. Ying Yuanyue felt the sincerity of his feelings, it is difficult to back off, will be this tweed coat collection. At that time, he also went to Kunming City Hospital 3 times a week to check the room, outpatient clinic 3 times, regardless of the poor and lowly patients, equal treatment, amiable, by the patient's welcome. Someone sent him a very good lamp, he immediately transferred to the hospital for public use. The original site of the city industrial hospital is a dilapidated temple, poor medical conditions, due to should be Yuan Yue and the whole hospital medical staff *** with efforts, made achievements, gained the attention of the community, the city government therefore donated to a building as the new site of the hospital, medical conditions also improved accordingly.

Ying Yuanyue attaches great importance to classroom teaching, his lectures are well-organized, focused, theoretical and practical, students listen to a particularly deep impression. 1962, he had classroom teaching experience summarized in six points: first, the teacher should be carefully prepared for the class, familiar with the content of the textbook; second should be through a variety of ways to understand the level of the object of instruction (i.e., the students), to achieve tailored to the needs of the students; to grasp the full range of lectures, When giving lectures, they should face the students, observe their reactions and expressions, guide the students to focus their attention, and prevent interference; they should also pay attention to their posture and tone of voice. In teaching, he always likes to use discussion to inspire students to think independently. At the end, he uses a small amount of time to make a concise summary.

People's Republic of China **** and the early establishment of the country, due to the brain drain, Shanghai medical schools are in short supply of talent, the extension of recruitment should be a lot of Yuan Yue. But he believes that the training of a new generation of military medical personnel is his unshirkable and honorable task, did not hesitate to accept the appointment of the East China People's Medical College. At that time, the East China People's Medical College premises, equipment are very simple, poor conditions. The Affiliated Hospital (later called the First Affiliated Hospital, now Changhai Hospital) mainly had internal medicine and surgery, and the internal medicine department, including infectious diseases, neurology, dermatology and pediatrics, had only 20 doctors.

In 1956, Mr. Yuanyue took charge of the internal medicine department of Shanghai Tongji Hospital, which was newly taken over, and was responsible for regular checkups, medical treatment and teaching tasks. 1957, Mr. Yuanyue was appointed as the vice president of the Second Military Medical University, and he also lectured at the epidemiology training class of the Academy of Military Medical Sciences at Yueyang Road, Shanghai. In order to improve the overall clinical teaching work, he also led the working group to the clinical internship base of each hospital several times to investigate and understand the situation of student internship, to grasp the first-hand information, and put forward specific improvement measures. 1962, Changhai Hospital established the Tropical Ward and Tropical Disease Laboratory, and he often went to the ward rounds, and guided the laboratory research work. In addition, he was often invited to participate in the consultation work of Shanghai East China Hospital and other hospitals to help solve the diagnosis and treatment of many difficult cases.

High medical ethics

Ying Yuanyue was very meticulous and conscientious in his medical work, and often went into the front line of medical treatment, working day and night. In Shaoxing, Shanghai, Chongqing period, some patients with fever to be checked often suffer from malaria. In order to early diagnosis, he often in the dim soybean oil lamp with a microscope to find malaria parasite for hours. It was in this way that he first confirmed the existence of schistosomiasis in mainland China by finding the eggs of Schistosoma pneumoniae under a microscope when he was working at Shaoxing Fukang Hospital.

Ying Yuanyue paid attention to academic democracy and was good at listening to different opinions in his room visits, consultations, clinical case seminars and clinical pathology seminars.

He is rigorous and serious about his work. He was not satisfied with the diagnosis of malaria even though the blood film had detected malaria parasites, and he excluded other causes of fever before confirming the diagnosis. Ying Yuanyue considered the problem comprehensively and never expressed immature opinions.

He treated students and young doctors with warmth and sincerity, and cared for the growth of young people as if he were a brother and a loving father. He never criticized and blamed his subordinates for their mistakes, but induced them to correct themselves with kindness. In Kunhua Hospital, a patient reflected constipation enema is ineffective, abdominal distension. He put on gloves and personally dug out feces from the patient's anus, the doctors and nurses present were both guilty and moved. In the late Cultural Revolution, he wrote an article criticizing the abandonment of the college entrance examination, do not attach importance to knowledge, "open door school" that set.

The contribution of tropical diseases

Ying Yuanyue's early years were devoted to tropical diseases. Schistosomiasis is a common disease in 22 provinces and cities in China, but in the early years, the medical profession did not know that the disease existed in mainland China. Only coastal areas have individual case reports, but we can not rule out the possibility of bringing back from Japan, Taiwan, North Korea, etc. In 1928, May ~ June, Shaoxing County, Lanting and Dongwu two rural youths, due to chronic coughing, hemoptysis, and to the internal medicine department of the Fukang Hospital, should be Yuanyue sputum and feces in their sputum and feces found several times in the eggs of Schistosoma pneumoniae, the diagnosis of Schistosoma pneumoniae. Because neither of them had traveled far, they were sure that they had contracted the disease locally. The case was published in the English edition of the Chinese Medical Journal, Volume 16, 1930. This was the first time that schistosomiasis was found in mainland China. Later, Wu Guang and other stone crabs in the Lanting found in the body of Schistosoma cysticerci, fully confirmed the discovery. North Korea was originally an endemic area for pulmonary schistosomiasis, and during the period of the anti-American war against North Korea, many Chinese volunteers were infected with pulmonary schistosomiasis by eating _mayflies caught in streams and ditches. Some of them were misdiagnosed for a long time, and only got diagnosed and treated after they were transferred to the Affiliated Hospital of Shanghai Military Medical University (now Changhai Hospital).

Ying Yuanyue's papers on the survival time of Vibrio cholerae in cholera patients, the relationship between the number of Plasmodium falciparum parasites in the blood of patients with falciparum malaria in Kunming and clinical attacks, and the typhus fever seen in Kunming and Shanghai were published in the English edition of the Chinese Medical Journal (1940) and the Washington edition (1943) and were highly valued by the medical profession.

In the early 1950s, a large number of cases of acute schistosomiasis occurred among the troops in East China, especially the garrison in the suburban counties of Shanghai, who were exposed to infected water as a result of their training on the water. Changhai Hospital not only tried its best to treat the patients, but also sent a medical team to Nanxiang, and opened simple temporary wards in some ancestral halls and temples to treat patients with schistosomiasis. Antimony potassium tartrate was used as intravenous therapy at that time, and the toxic reactions were many and serious, and once the cardiogenic cerebral ischemia syndrome (also known as Adams-Stokes syndrome) occurred, it was often fatal. Ying Yuanyue, a member of the Schistosomiasis Prevention and Control Committee, made frequent visits to wards and temporary wards in suburban counties to guide the improvement of therapeutic measures, reduce the incidence of critical cases, and increase the success rate of resuscitation.

In 1962, Changhai Hospital established the Tropical Ward and the Tropical Disease Laboratory. Although the scale was small, the equipment was poor, and the conditions were rudimentary, Ying Yuanyue often cared for and guided its work, focusing on the research of diagnosis and treatment techniques for common diseases at that time, such as heatstroke, viral encephalitis, malaria, and amoebiasis. Rabbit fever is the second military medical university two affiliated hospital internal medicine department *** with the formation of the counter-insurgency medical team in eastern Tibet Luolong area, the earliest (1960) found the infectious disease, should be Yuan Yue that control of this disease is very important, must be carried out in the field investigation of laboratory preparations for Tibet. He was later unable to make the trip for some reason.

Ying has written more than 40 medical papers, which have been published in important journals at home and abroad.

Writing textbooks

When Ying Yuanyue started teaching, the textbooks used in the medical school were all in foreign languages (English, French, German, Japanese, etc.), and even the teachers' lectures, students' internship reports, and doctors' medical records had to be written in foreign languages. Ying Yuanyue has long deplored this. When he was in Chongqing Central Hospital, he strongly advocated the use of Chinese medical records, in order to cultivate young doctors self-esteem, self-respect, patriotism. When he arrived in Shanghai, he immediately advocated the preparation of Chinese textbooks; in 1950, Lecture Notes on Internal Medicine was compiled and published under his auspices, which became the first self-edited textbook on internal medicine in China at that time, and because of its novel and rich content, it was highly valued and praised by most of the institutions in China. Ying Yuanyue accumulated many years of experience in the preparation of "Tropical Diseases" is China's first monograph on tropical diseases, the first edition of the book in 1951, to 1958 has been revised and published three times. He edited the military medical reference series "Internal Medicine" and "Infectious Diseases", which had been reprinted again and again in the 1950s, and played a certain role in the training and improvement of health cadres in the army. The Manual of Internal Medicine edited by him was revised and reprinted five times between 1954 and 1986, with a total circulation of over 500,000 copies. In the 1950s, Ying wrote many articles for the People's Army Medical Journal, such as "Aviation Diseases", "Briefing on Treatment of Seasickness and Airsickness", "Prevention and Control of Japanese Schistosomiasis in the Troops", and "Some Seminar Materials on Hand and Foot Diseases of War Injuries", etc. He was also a member of the "People's Army Medical Journal".

Ying Yuanyue's review of the relevant textbooks and theses was always responsive, conscientious and responsible, and he personally revised the textbooks of the national institutions of higher learning "Infectious Diseases" edited by Wang Jiwu in 1959 and "Infectious Diseases", the basic textbook of the five-year department of military medicine co-edited by the four military medical universities in 1980, all of which were requested to be reviewed by him. He also wrote the preface to the book Tropical Diseases edited by Zhong Huilan, and in 1964, he summarized the seven basic requirements for writing scientific papers through his experience of reviewing manuscripts: clear purpose and substance; smooth expression and appropriate wording; correct use of punctuation; precise wording and appropriate complexity and simplicity; prudent wording and no fabrication; precise figures and statistics; and repeated examination and careful and practical. The examples cited are of great significance to the review and writing of manuscripts.

Biography

Born on August 23, 1896, in Zhejiang Province, Yin County, East Township, under the village should be.

Graduated from Hangzhou Huilan Middle School in 1912.

In 1912-1914 he was an instructor at Taizhou Middle School in Tiantai County, Zhejiang Province.

Studied at Jinling University in Nanjing from 1914-1916.

Studied at Xiangya Medical Specialized School (now Xiangya Medical University) in Changsha, Hunan Province from 1916-1921, and graduated with a Doctor of Medicine degree conferred by the State of Connecticut, USA.

In 1921-1922, he studied at the Radiology Training Course of Peking Union Medical College.

In 1922-1924, he served as a physician in the Department of Internal Medicine at Shaoxing Fukang Hospital (now Shaoxing No. 2 Hospital) in Shaoxing County, Zhejiang Province.

In 1924-1926, he studied at Johns Hopkins School of Medicine in the United States and the London School of Tropical Medicine in England.

In 1926-1928, he was the head of internal medicine department of Fukang Hospital in Shaoxing County, Zhejiang Province.

From 1928 to 1931, he was an associate professor and chief physician at the Medical College of Shanghai Central University (later called Shanghai Medical College, now Shanghai Medical University).

From 1931 to 1943, he was a professor of the Department of Internal Medicine at the Shanghai Medical College, as well as a clinical professor at the First Hospital of Shanghai Red Cross (now Huashan Hospital) and Shanghai Zhongshan Hospital, and concurrently served as the president of Shanghai Zhongshan Hospital in 1937.

In 1933-1934, he studied at the Institute of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, Calcutta, India, and was awarded a doctorate degree in tropical medicine and a gold medal.

From 1943 to 1945, he was the chief physician of the Department of Internal Medicine at the General Hospital of the Red Cross Society of China in Chongqing (later reorganized as Chongqing Central Hospital).

In 1946-1948, he was a consultant in the Department of Internal Medicine of Kunhua Hospital and Municipal Hospital of Yunnan Province.

1947-1980 she was a member of the Council of the Chinese Medical Association. 1981 she was an honorary consultant of the Council of the Chinese Medical Association.

From 1947 to 1957, he was a professor and chairman of the Department of Internal Medicine at the East China People's Medical College (later known as Shanghai Military Medical University, now the Second Military Medical University).

1957-1988 he was vice president of the Second Military Medical University.

Vice President and Honorary Advisor of the Shanghai Branch of the Chinese Medical Association from 1963 to 1984.

Died on January 21, 1991 in Shanghai.

Major treatises

1 Ying Yuanyue. Recent studies on infantile chondromalacia. Chinese Medical Journal, 1922, 8(3): 139-145.

2 Ying Yuanyue. Peculiar symptoms of malaria and the efficacy of intravenous injection of quinine. Chinese Medical Journal, 1923, 9(3):182-187.

3 Ying Yuanyue. A generalization of the disease of gingerbread in Brycek's disease. Chinese Medical Journal, 1924, 10(1):11-5.

4Ying Yuan-yue. Measurement of common blood pressure in Chinese. Chinese Medical Journal, 1926, 12(4): 344-350.

5Ying Yuan-yue. Progress in the treatment of malaria in recent times. Shanghai Medical College Quarterly, 1936, 1(2).

6 Ying Yuanyue. Simple experimental diagnosis. Shanghai: Chinese Medical Association. 1937.

7Ying, Yuan-Yue. Aviation Diseases. People's Military Medicine, 1950, 1(1): 24-26.

8Ying Yuanyue. Seasickness and airsickness briefing. People's military medicine, 1950, 1(2):52.

9 Ying Yuanyue, et al. Schistosomiasis control manual. Shanghai: Schistosomiasis Prevention and Control Bureau. 1950.

10 Ying Yuanyue. Some research materials on the diseases of war wounded hands and feet. People's Army Medicine, 1951, 1(3):24-26.

11Ying Yuanyue. Food poisoning. People's military medicine, 1951, 1 (5): 12-15.

12 Ying Yuanyue. Pathologic and clinical aspects of filariasis. People's military medicine, 1951, 1(6):55-58.

13 Ying Yuanyue. Tropical Diseases. 1951, first edition; Beijing: People's Health Publishing House, new 1st edition; 1954, new 2nd edition; 1958, third edition.

14 Ying Yuanyue. Influenza. People's military medicine, 1952, 2(1):22-25.

15 Ying Yuanyue, et al. Clinical manual of special infectious diseases. Beijing: People's Health Publishing House, 1953. 2nd ed. 1956.

16Ying Yuanyue, et al. Manual of internal medicine. Beijing: People's Health Publishing House, 1954; second edition, 1958; third edition, 1963; fourth edition, 1965; fifth edition, 1986.

17Ying Yuanyue, et al. Infectious Diseases. Beijing, People's Army Medical Press, 1954.

18Ying Yuanyue, et al. Lecture notes on internal medicine. Shanghai University of Military Medicine, Textbook Division, 1955.

19 Ying Yuanyue, et al. Military Medical Reference Series - Internal Medicine. Beijing, People's Army Medical Press, 1955; new edition. 1956.

20Ying Yuanyue. Prevention and control of schistosomiasis in the army. People's military medicine, 1955, (7):37-41.

21 Ying Yuanyue. Military medicine reference series. Infectious diseases. Beijing: People's Military Medical Press. New edition, 1956.

22Ying Yuanyue. Preface. In: Zhong Huilan, ed: Tropical Diseases. Beijing: People's Health Publishing House, 1986.