What are the types of martial arts? What are the characteristics of various martial arts?

Wushu always has different classification methods. As early as in the wartime Sima Fa, there was a distinction between "long soldiers" and "short soldiers". According to the length of weapons, the tactical requirements of Wushu are determined: "long soldiers defend themselves, short soldiers defend themselves." Qi Jiguang in JiXiao Shuxin

Wushu can be basically divided into routine exercise and fighting exercise according to its sports form.

Wushu has developed to this day, with extremely rich contents and numerous schools. Most people are used to Wutang School, Shaolin School, Emei School, Tai Ji Chuan, Bafengzhang, Xingyiquan and Nanquan. If we put aside these sects, according to the classification of Wushu Light compiled by China Wushu Research Institute, it can be divided into three categories:

The first category is the basic techniques and movements, such as leg, waist, shoulder, Toon and various single-potential exercises, which are not only the basis of routine exercise and antagonistic exercise, but also can be practiced alone for a long time.

The second kind is routine exercise, which is the main content of objective martial arts. Regular exercise, according to certain rules and regulations, it is enough to practice a lot of movements in sets.

Routine exercise is divided into four parts:

1. Boxing: including Changquan, Nanquan, Xingyi Boxing, Bagua Palm, Tai Ji Chuan, Bajiquan Boxing, Tongbi Boxing, Guagua Boxing, Tujiao Boxing, Fan Boxing, Xingyi Boxing, Lying Boxing, etc. 100. Modern Changquan has absorbed the essence of traditional techniques such as Changcha, Hua, Bao and Hong, standardized the basic movements of Changquan, such as shape, technique, step, footwork, leg movement, balance and jumping, and compiled various routines including trial jump, flash jump, ups and downs, turning and so on according to the Long Yun method, which is generous, flexible, fast and lively. Nanquan is a general term of boxing that spreads all over southern China.

Nanquan is strong and fierce, with solid footwork; Take the elephant as the potential and laziness as the god; Lingqiao hard bow, slow and steady; Strong and powerful, exhaling and vocalizing, majestic and imposing. When practicing Nanquan, the body is strong and powerful, and it makes the sound of "hip-hop, drink, wow, that", cheering, helping the situation, helping the elephant, giving people the feeling that "yelling and drinking will make the situation change color, and opening the fist will make U 1 collapse". People's Extreme Boxing is a kind of boxing developed by integrating classical philosophy into tradition. Dajiquan is characterized by meditating on the moon, guiding the shape with heart, breathing naturally, moving round and coherent, moving up and down, motionless and silent. When practicing human rights boxing, it is required to be as imposing as Tingjiang. The whole body is light and lively, walking like a cat, and not a feather can be added. Not a fly can fall, and self-sacrifice is used to softness.

2. Instruments: including short instruments, such as knives and swords; Long instruments, such as sticks and guns; Double knives, double swords and other double instruments; Soft musical instruments, such as nine-section whip, three-section stick, etc. Swordsmanship is characterized by bravery and quick momentum. Powerful and powerful. When drilling a single knife, one hand holds the knife, and the other hand makes various telescopic, opening and closing and winding movements with the change of JJ method to help the knife potential. The single knife method mainly includes: "chopping, chopping, pulling, stabbing, hanging, chopping, stabbing, sweeping, shelving, wrist flower and back flower." Sword is a kind of double-edged short soldier, known as "the king of a hundred blades". Fencing is characterized by lightness, agility, swiftness, elegance and flexibility, so it is called "the sword flies like the wind" and "the sword is like Youlong". Most swordsmanship is based on hitting, stabbing, dividing, washing, splitting, cutting, lifting, agility, drawing, belt, collapse and point. Clubs are long soldiers without blades and are known as "the ancestor of a hundred soldiers". When practicing the stick, it is required that the arms are heated together, the body and stick are integrated, the force penetrates the tip of the stick, and the wind is like thunder. The so-called "root to root" means to be brave, powerful and fast when dancing with a stick. Common stick techniques include chopping, swinging, poking, hanging, collapsing, hitting, sweeping, stabbing, blocking, putting aside, smashing and clouding. Gun, one of the four ancient weapons, is known as "the king of hundreds of battles". The marksmanship is mainly based on stabbing, supplemented by stopping. The stab should be straight, fast, straight up the hill and straight to the tip of the gun, so it is said that "the gun sticks to a line." Marksmanship also includes collapse, point, penetration, cause, necessity and stroke. The drill and use of guns are unpredictable, infinitely deified, dynamic, powerful, clear-cut and magnificent.

3. sparring: including unarmed sparring, equipped sparring and sparring with only equipment. Such as boxing, grasping, single-handed gun fighting, empty-handed knife grabbing, etc.

4. Group events: all kinds of group drills with six or more people unarmed or holding equipment. Such as collective basic skills, collective sword, collective whip and so on.

The third category is the confrontation project. A match is two people who are rivals. According to certain rules, they use the offensive and defensive methods in Wushu to carry out actual combat sports. Such as Sanshou, Pushing Hands, Short Soldiers and Long Soldiers. From 1979, China started an experimental Sanshou competition, and 1989 was officially included in the competition.