What are the main types of folk songs, dances and music dances of China's ethnic minorities?

The main types of folk songs and dances of China's ethnic minorities are:

The songs and dances of the Uyghur's Sai Naim and the Twelve Mukams

The Uyghur people are known for their ability to sing and dance well, and it is a custom for them to hold various forms of "Maisilai Pu" frequently. The "Maisilaipu" means gathering, which is often held on festivals, weekends or harvest seasons, and its types include festival Maisilaipu, wedding Maisilaipu, harvest Maisilaipu, snow Maisilaipu and outing Maisilaipu, etc. It is held in spacious rooms, under the grapevine outside the courtroom, in the orchard, in the shade of the countryside, or on the grass by the riverside. Gatherings, people sitting on the ground, generally to transmit the bowl of flowers, wine cups, belts and other games throughout, and sometimes riddles, poetry or singing Mukam, but the main content is to jump Sainam.

Sai Naim is widely popular in various regions of Xinjiang Uygur. Sainam music in different areas has different characteristics, in order to distinguish, people to Sainam with the name of the place, such as Kashgar Sainam, Ili Sainam, Hami Sainam, etc.. When performing, everyone sits on the ground in a circle, the band gathers in one corner, and the dancers are in the circle. There is a solo dance, two people dance and three or five people with the dance and other forms. The dancers do not sing, but the audience claps and sings. The music of Sai Naim consists of many songs and dances, which start at a medium speed, get faster in the middle, and finally turn fast and end in a climax. Most of the songs and dances express love life. In addition to singing songs and dances familiar to the masses, they also use old tunes to improvise new lyrics to depict the joyful scenes of the time. Accompanying musical instruments are tambourine, sabay, four stone, plucked, one of its own, hot Wapu, flute, yangqin and so on.

Mukam means "big song", is a kind of songs, songs and dances and instrumental compositions of the integrated large-scale suite, by the folk musicians in the festivals and entertainment evening performance. According to evidence, mukham is in the process of long-term historical development, by many well-known and unknown singers, artists, creation, accumulation, and absorbed the music and culture of other ethnic groups, the 15th century has been prevalent throughout Xinjiang.

There are many types of mukams throughout Xinjiang, with different tunes and structures, and their structure is most typical of the mukams of the Southern Xinjiang.

The South Xinjiang Mukam ****12 sets, each set of musical structure consists of four parts:

1) Mukam Affective and deep loose plate prelude singing, rhythmic freedom, phrase length varies.

2) Poor Nai Ema, which means "big song", consists of a number of recitative songs and songs and dances.

3) Dastan originally means "narrative poem", that is, narrative songs. It consists of three or four songs with a complete interlude between them.

4) Myslap It consists of 3-6 dance songs.

The total **** of the twelve Mukams of Southern Xinjiang has more than 170 songs and more than 70 instrumental songs. Singing forms are solo, duet and chorus, using scales, modes, rhythms, beats are rich and varied. Accompanied by musical instruments such as satyr, plucked, solo satyr, hot wap, aijiek, kalon, tambourine and so on.

The Tibetan "harmonic" and "Zhuo"

The Tibetan folk songs and dances are mainly self-indulgent and performances of two types. "Harmony" refers to the general circulation in the vast number of agricultural and pastoral villages and towns of self-entertainment collective songs and dances, including:

1) "fruit Zhuo" commonly known as pot Zhuang, is the meaning of the circle song and dance. The dance is robust and powerful, and there is a simulation of the movements of animals and birds. The structure of the music is divided into two main parts: slow and fast. At the beginning is a slow plate, the more you dance faster and faster, and finally end in a warm mood.

2) "harmonic" that is, the string dance, because the leader of the dance while pulling the string dance and named. String is a Tibetan people homemade similar to the huqin musical instrument, the barrel with a cow horn or the whole piece of wood dug into the sound thick and loud. Every festival, a man manipulating the strings stood at the head of the row, leading the crowd to wave their sleeves and sing and dance, the team formed a circle and marched in a clockwise direction. After the dancer sings or plays a song, the crowd takes over and sings and dances.

3) "Heap Harmony" "Heap" is the Tibetan name for the upper reaches of the Yarlung Tsangpo River Lhazhi, Tingri, Ali area, "Heap Harmony" refers to the region and the harmonic similar to the dance, and later this dance was introduced to Lhasa, Tingri, Ali area. Later, this kind of dance was introduced to Lhasa, Chamdo, Ganzi and other places, and gradually evolved into a tap dance form with a rhythmic tapping of the feet, and professional artists appeared. Because it is most popular in Lhasa, it is also called Lhasa Tap Dance. Performers often dance on a wooden board, the pace is complex and rhythmic changes.

Initially, heap harmony only with zamu nie (Tibetan a six-stringed plucked instrument) accompaniment, and later developed by the six-stringed zither, dulcimer, flute, jinghu and other components of the small orchestra accompaniment. The musical structure of Pile Harmony consists of five parts: prelude - slow song section - interlude - fast song section - postlude. The melody is beautiful and melodious, and the ending is often shifted to the lower fifth key, which is very distinctive.

"Zhuo" refers to the strong performance of the collective dance. This dance is heavy skill performance, the song does not dance, dance does not sing. The most representative "Zhuo" there are two kinds:

1) "Hot Bazhuo" is including bell drum dance, miscellaneous songs and folk songs and dances of the integrated performing arts, most of the performers are wandering artists, the beginning of the show to the audience to say a paragraph praising the auspicious, showing off skills, then the male holding a copper bell, the male and the male performing the dance. Words, and then the male holding a copper bell, the female holding a flat drum with a handle, while knocking and dancing. When the audience increased after the open field for skillful performance.

2) "Zhuo Harmony" is mostly performed on ceremonial occasions during festivals. The dancers are often tied to a string of bells on the knees or waist, hand-carried flat round waist drums. The performance is divided into three segments, the first of which is a simple dance with a slow and fast tempo, beating the drums and jumping, changing formations, and interspersed with drum performances. The first section is a simple dance with a slow and fast tempo, jumping on the drums, changing formations and interspersing drum skills. The second section is an apprentice song with lyrics of good luck and blessings. The third section consists of singing while beating the drums, and ends with a bowing ceremony.

Korean Nongrak Dance and Long Encouragement

The Nongrak Dance is a reflection of the agricultural life of the Koreans, and it is a self-indulgent group dance with two kinds of performances: the plot performance and the skill performance. The dance team usually consists of 29 people, and the leader holds a big flag with the words "Agriculture is the foundation of the world," and the people sing and dance with small gongs and drums and play flutes, and simulate the actions of sowing seeds, watering, supporting seedlings, and cutting rice in the farmland. Later on, there are more characters such as officials, hunters, peasant women and dancing children, as well as independent dances such as the Small Gong Dance, the Long Encouragement Dance, the Mask Dance, the Hunting Dance and the Elephant Hat Dance. Among them, the Elephant Hat Dance is the most characteristic. The dancers wear special hats with two belts on their heads and dance while playing the snare drum and turning the belts, the faster they turn, leading the dance to a climax. The music of Nong Le Dance is mostly Korean folk songs such as "Daolaji" (i.e. "Rustom Ballad>)), "Arirang>>, etc., accompanied by musical instruments such as long drums, fadu, snare drums, small gongs, flutes, suona, and taepyeong xiao, etc.

The long drums, fadu, snare drums, gongs, flutes, suona, and taepyeong xiao, etc. are the most popular musical instruments in the Korean dance.

The long drum is a Korean folk instrument, but also the dance props of the long drum. The long drum is a wooden double-sided drum, thin in the middle, the two ends of the trumpet, the player's right hand holding a thin bamboo mallet hit the long drum on the right side of the treble drum, the left hand with the palm beat the bass drum. The long drum dance is mostly for women's solo or duo dance, dancers beat the drum while dancing, with rich dance vocabulary and different heights and patterns of drums to match, constituting the unique charm of the long drum dance. The musical instruments accompanying the long drum dance include suona, flute, drum, gong, xiao, etc. The music includes Korean folk songs such as "Dawlaji", "Arirang", and "Thiyangsandao", etc. The dance is performed by a pair of dancers or two dancers.

Yi "A fine jumping moon"

People usually call the Yi people living in the area of Mile, Xuanliang and Kunming in Yunnan "A fine". Legend has it that in the era of slash-and-burn farming, the Atsi used to plow the land with their bare feet on the unextinguished ashes of the burnt land, and jumped up because their feet were burnt by the fire, shouting: "Atsi tsk! A tsk, tsk!" So, people imitated this movement and danced joyfully after laboring, and men, women, and children in A Tiny loved to dance. And because young men and women often like to dance under the moonlit night, so it is called "A fine jumping moon". During the dance, the men play the three strings and piccolo, while the women step to the beat and dance in a circle with high fives. When the dance reaches its climax, the dancers play, sing and dance, with enthusiastic movements.

"A fine jumping moon" accompaniment instrument to the big three strings, and with bamboo flute, erhu and small three strings and so on. The music is in the low-pitched tempo.

The Peacock Dance and the Elephant Foot Drum Dance of the Dai People;

The Dai people living in Xishuangbanna, Yunnan Province, are an ethnic group that can sing and dance well. Whenever the water festival or harvest season, singing and dancing all night long, known as "yellow grain, Dai crazy". Dance of the Dai people can be divided into several types:

1) simulation dance, mostly simulating animals, such as peacock dance, white elephant dance, butterfly dance, fish dance, monkey dance, etc.;

2) life dance, showing the life of the laborers, such as rowing dance, fish dance, flower picking dance, etc.;

3) self-indulgence dance, which is a collective dance during festivals or other celebrations, such as the Jar Light Dance, the Elephant Foot Drum Dance, etc.;

4) self-indulgence dance, which is a group of people, such as the Dancing of the Lights, the Elephant Foot Drum Dance, etc.;

5) self-indulgence dance.

4) Ceremonial dances such as court dances, ritual dances, fan dances, etc.

5) Songs and dances such as the Twelve Horses and the Canaan Swallow, etc. are the most popular among the Dai people. The most popular folk dances among the Dai people are the Peacock Dance, the Elephant Foot Drum Dance and the Jaguang Dance.

The peacock dance in Dai language is called "Jarrow embrace", "Jarrow Luo", "annoying Nannuo", etc. There are different names, collectively known as the peacock dance, green peacock dance, peacock princess dance and peacock props dance, etc. The peacock dance has a different name. The Peacock Dance is collectively called the Peacock Dance. The Dai people regard the peacock as a symbol of good luck, and dance the peacock dance to send their wishes and ideals.

The peacock dance has different forms such as solo dance, double dance and group dance. In the past, peacock dance actors are male, and there are folk artists specializing in peacock dance performance for the Tusi. In Yunnan Province, Ruili, Menglian, Gengma, Meng Ding and other areas, almost every village has a lot of peacock dancing and full-time artists. During major festivals or grand gatherings, the performers of the peacock dance wear masks with tower helmets on their heads, clothes and pants painted with peacock feather patterns, and simulate the peacock descending from the mountain, peeping in the forest, strolling in the forest, drinking from springs and playing in the water, and shaking their wings and opening their screens to the accompaniment of the elephant-footed drums, nobelium gongs, cymbals, cymbals, and other postures. The dancers' steps are light and their hands change in shape, with the typical "crown-shaped" hand resembling a peacock's head. Each movement of the peacock dance has a corresponding drum accompaniment, and there is a more complete drum score.

The elephant foot drum is a percussion instrument, because the drum is shaped like an elephant's foot, and there is an imitation of the elephant foot drum legend, so the name. The elephant foot drum dance is a men's dance. Dancers wearing elephant foot drum, drum tail inserted a bunch of peacock plumes, knocking while dancing. Elephant foot drum playing a variety of methods, can play the drum edge, drum heart, available one finger, two fingers, four fingers hit, can also be used with one hand, two hands or fist, palm, elbow beat, can also be used to kick the toe, heel kick. The drum beats are complex and changeable, and can be struck in various drum languages. In the Elephant Foot Drum Dance, the elephant and the peacock are inseparable, which is a symbol of good luck and happiness in the hearts of the Dai people.

Mortar and pestle music of the Gaoshan people

The Gaoshan people, who live mainly in the mountainous areas of Taiwan Island and the area of Zhangzhou, Fujian, have a form of folk song and dance, which is mainly popular in the areas inhabited by the Cao and Bunun people near Sun Moon Lake and the area of Zhangzhou, Fujian.

When night falls, the women of the Gaoshan tribe gather beside the stone mortar, a rice-pounding apparatus, to rest and cool off. Some sing beautiful songs. To the accompaniment of the songs, the dancers hold a long pestle and mortar more than one person high and dance around the stone mortar in the center. They move back and forth from side to side, hold the mortar and pestle and rotate it, and pound the mortar from time to time. The pleasant sound of knocking on the stone mortar and the song produce a harmonious **** sound.