Existing totem

Totem is the symbol and symbol of primitive relatives, ancestors and protectors. This is the earliest cultural phenomenon in human history. Totem, as a national worship and symbol, often has a great influence on the culture and national psychology of this nation. The Book of Rites says, "Lin, phoenix, turtle and dragon are collectively called the four spirits." The forest, phoenix, turtle and dragon are actually the ancient totems of China. Patterns to ward off evil spirits in the sky: Zhong Kui and bats. Problem solving: Zhong Kui, a legendary figure. According to legend, when Ming Taizu was ill in the Tang Dynasty, he dreamed that GREAT GHOST had caught a lamb. GREAT GHOST, who claimed to be Zhong Kui, failed in martial arts before his death and was determined to destroy Uber in the world after his death. When Ming Chengzu woke up, he ordered the painter Wu Daozi to draw a portrait (see Shen Kuo's Meng Qian Bi Tan). In the old customs, there are many clocks hanging on the Dragon Boat Festival, which means it can play with ghosts and exorcise evil spirits. In the sky, that is, the festival in the sky. Xi's pleasure is: "Dragon Boat Festival is the Mid-Autumn Festival." Dragon Boat Festival, also called Dragon Boat Festival. The fifth day of the fifth lunar month is a folk festival. To ward off evil spirits, it also refers to the ancient legendary god beast, which looks like a lion with wings. Ancient fabrics, military flags, hooks and buttons were often colored. Tombs in the Southern Dynasties are all animal stones used as town tombs. It means to drive away disasters and evil spirits! !

Simple luggage

Pattern: lyre, stringed instrument ". It was seen in the Zhou Dynasty and formed in the Han Dynasty. Crane, also known as "crane". Feathers are white, nape and wings are black, and there is a red crown on the top of the head. Handsome and elegant. Song Shi? There is a story of "worshipping God" in Zhao's Biography, which says that "riding a horse, taking a harp and a crane and going to Shu at your own speed is a simple political matter, also called" yes "! "Ji Jizheng is simple, such as its luggage. Later generations praised the simplicity and honesty of official punishment with "one piano and one crane" It is also used to praise virtuous people.

He Lu tong chun

Pattern: Tung, crane and deer. Problem solving: paulownia, plane tree, deciduous tree. The trunk is smooth and straight. Tung wood is a good material for making musical instruments. Children are homophonic with children. The same spring is as beautiful as spring. "Crane" and "deer" are auspicious animals. Metaphors are "Lu" and "Shou". "One crane and one deer in the same spring" eulogizes longevity. Peace once mode: the messenger delivers home letters on horseback. Solve the problem: "Right away" means rushing. There is a saying in the Tang poetry that "if you don't meet each other, you will be safe and have news from you." . According to "Records of Words and Actions of Famous Officials", "Hu Anding studied in Mount Tai, but he didn't return for ten years and got a letter from home. When he saw the word "peace", he jumped into the stream and stopped reading. " The pattern of "once peace", also called "peace at once", was inconvenient in ancient times, so families and pedestrians didn't get the letter for a long time, but they got the word "peace" to comfort their anxiety. This painting expresses people's good wishes to their relatives or friends.

Qilin songzi

Pattern: The boy rides on a unicorn, carrying lotus flowers and wishful thinking. Problem solving: Legendary beasts such as Kirin, Dragon and Phoenix Turtle are called "Four Spirits". It symbolizes good luck. According to the "sacred map", "Confucius was born and saw Lin spit jade books." Therefore, "Kirin sends a child" means a world of wisdom, and the boy sent by Kirin will become a good material in the world and a good minister of the country when he grows up. Folk New Year pictures also have fairies riding on unicorns with boys in their arms, which is called "Fairy Sending Children". Kirin, jade book and Ruyi form a pattern, which is called "Lucky Kirin" and "Ruyi Kirin".

Trouble on the wedding night

Pattern: crowned teenager riding a dragon, holding the best in his hand. Problem solving: Crown, hat and crown are homophony with "official". Boys wear crowns, and elders expect their children to grow up and succeed in the imperial examination. Riding a dragon is like a carp jumping over the dragon gate and becoming a dragon. "No.1 scholar and", that is, he took the senior high school entrance examination and reached the top. The annual imperial examination, one in ten thousand, is a great event, so there is a "unicorn in the sky, the champion on the ground."

The Goddess Chang's fly to the moon

Chang 'e floats to the moon palace. Problem solving: Chang 'e, the mythical wife of Hou Yi. Hou Yi got the elixir from the Queen Mother of the West. After Chang 'e stole it, she went to the Moon Palace. This touching legend has been popular for some time. "the Goddess Chang'e flying to the moon" symbolizes the pursuit of beauty. Therefore, people draw auspicious pictures to look forward to it.

Give birth to your son

Lotus, osmanthus, and lotus, sheng and children are also used to solve problems: lotus and lotus, laurel and laurel, and sheng and sheng are homophonic. As early as the Tang dynasty, you can see the auspicious pattern of "Lian Sheng Gui Zi" in the decorative patterns of Tongguan kiln porcelain. Lotus stands for continuous growth, and osmanthus stands for expensive.

May you always get more than you wish for!

Pattern: firecrackers, folk toys, fish or children holding carp. Solution: Use firecrackers, folk toys, etc. It symbolizes the arrival of the new year. "Fish" and "fish" are homophonic, meaning that life is rich, and on the first day of the New Year, the family is well-off. This expresses the ancient people's good wish to pursue happiness and prosperity every year. In China, regardless of urban and rural areas, the habit of taking this wish as a picture has not been broken. During the Chinese New Year, every household hangs a photo of a child holding a carp, which not only expresses the mood of celebration, but also brings good luck to the coming year.

Harmony and double saints

Pattern: Harmony with God is ten thousand times. "Tai Ping Guang Ji" said that there was only one person in Wan Hui. "He" and "He" were named Ershen, which began in the 11th year of Qing Yongzheng (AD 1733) and were named "He Sheng" and "He Sheng". Problem solving: Folk New Year pictures often draw two saints, one holding a lotus flower and the other holding a round box full of jewels, flying out a string of bats, which means endless wealth. Lotus, box and "harmony" are homophonic, more like harmony between husband and wife, where fish and water get together. "Harmony and two saints" means that husband and wife live in harmony and have endless blessings. The so-called "home and everything" is the same.

Samsung Zhao Gao

Pattern: birthday girl, deer, bat, flat peach. Problem solving: Three stars, namely happiness, wealth and longevity. Deer, cloven-hoofed deer mammals, are various, mostly sika deer with auspicious patterns. "Deer" and "Lu" are homophonic. Lu, in ancient times, called the salary of officials salary, which contained wealth. Flat peach refers to the Xiantao where the Queen Mother of the West lives. Shan Hai Jing said: "There is a crescent moon in the sea, and there is a big peach tree on the mountain, which bends three thousand miles." "The Biography of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty" briefly said: "On July 7th, the Queen Mother of the West came down to earth and gave four peaches to the Emperor. According to legend, the Queen Mother of the West often holds the Flat Peach Festival on her birthday, and all the immortals go to celebrate her birthday. So the flat peach is also called Shoutao. " "Three stars shine high" means happiness, wealth and longevity.

(of husband and wife) grow old together

Theme: Chinese rose, Shoushi and Pulsatilla patterns: Chinese rose, Shoushi and Pulsatilla. Problem solving: "Changchun Whitehead" is a tribute to family life and the harmony and happiness of husband and wife.

Happiness comes from heaven.

Theme: The boy looked up at the flying bat pattern: The boy looked up at the flying bat. Problem solving: desire, desire. "Hope for the Gospel" is also called "Blessing from Heaven". Express hope for good news.

Jiuyang qitai

Problem solving: Jiuyang refers to the sun. "Chu ci? Travel: "The morning sun rises in Tanggu, leaving me in the sun at dusk. The word "sheep" here is homophonic with "sheep". Nine, generally refers to the majority or multiple times. Kaitai means Kaitai. It means good luck and a good omen. " Sheep is an ancient word "Xiang", which means "Xiang". Nine sheep, auspicious things, countless and endless. "Pine", evergreen in all seasons, symbolizes longevity bamboo, which is homophonic with "bamboo", meaning blessing. "Mei" and "Mei" are homonyms, meaning "beaming." "Jiuyang Qitai" means that the lucky stars are shining high and everything goes well. Also known as the theme of "Nine Yang Kaitai": Xiang Ying, Fu Na.

Liu Hai plays with money.

Theme: Liu Haichan, ancient money pattern: Liu Haichan, ancient money. Problem solving: Liu Haichan, one of the five northern ancestors of Quanzhen Road, was born in Yanshan in the Five Dynasties. Famous philosopher, British figure, Hou Liang Guangling. Liu Shouguang, Yan's master, is the prime minister and can learn from Huang Lao. After attaining immortality, he abandoned his official position and lived in seclusion in Huashan and Zhong Nanshan, where he attained immortality. Yuan Shizu is known as "a true gentleman who understands Hongdao". "Liu Hai scatters money" means giving up fame and fortune and being indifferent to practice. There is a folk saying in China called "Liu Hai plays a golden toad and catches money step by step", which praises the character of the local rich man.

The road to eternity

The picture of a monk in a cloth bag is a common theme of Zen in the Southern Song Dynasty. Buddhists in cloth bags were monks in the Houliang period of the Five Dynasties, and passed down from generation to generation as the embodiment of Maitreya Bodhisattva. In this picture, the monk in the cloth bag is a bust, holding his stomach with his hands and laughing. The head shape is accurate and vivid, full of strong appeal, and the pleated thick ink reveals the randomness and freedom of Zen.

Zhao Gongming, Wu Caishen

God of Wealth can be divided into God of Wealth and Wu Caishen. Nowadays, the God of Wealth in the Taoist Temple is mostly black-faced and bearded, riding a Hei Hu, holding a silver whip in one hand and an ingot in the other, all in uniform. The statue of God of Wealth should be Wu Caishen, that is, Marshal Zhao Gong! In the novel Romance of Gods in the Ming Dynasty, there was a section about Jiang Ziya's gods, and Zhao Gongming was named the real king of dragons and tigers, Tan Xuan, who was in charge of treasure-hunting Buddha, treasure-hunting Buddha, treasure-hunting messenger and Lishi Xian Guan. , in charge of all the treasures in the world. Guan Yu, the Duke Guan of Wu Caishen, is one of many gods of wealth, and is famous for his perseverance and Geng Jie. His story can be said to be a household name. Not only has he never touched money, but he has even sealed gold, which is a bit like the anti-wealth tendency of losing his treasure and abandoning his son. Although he is not like the god of wealth in character, Guan Gong's image is deeply loved by the public, especially his loyalty to the liver and bravery in novels and various legends and stories, which is also the requirement of ordinary people for working partners and partners. Therefore, many businessmen regard Guan Gong not only as the god of financial management, but also as the patron saint of monitoring business integrity. \

the God of Wealth

The Origin of the God of Wealth-Of all the God of Wealth, Tao Zhugong Fan Li is probably the one with the most God of Wealth temperament. Fan Li was a famous minister who assisted Gou Jian, the king of Yue, at the end of the Spring and Autumn Period. After successfully destroying the shame of martial arts, he resolutely left Gou Jian, who could not share weal and woe, went into business in the sea under an anonymous name and lived in seclusion in Qi. Because of his proper management and decent business, his wealth accumulated rapidly. But later, in order to escape the fatigue of fame and fortune, he squandered his wealth, and then he went to Guo Tao, where he became Tao Zhugong, and soon he regained far better wealth than before, so he became one of the most famous tycoons in history. With the passage of time and legendary stories, Fan Li was regarded as the god of wealth by Fan Li and later generations.

Wuzinao Maitreya Buddha

Pattern composition: Five boys play Maitreya. Meaning: Maitreya is one of Mahayana buddhas. Generally, it refers to the statue of a fat monk laughing in the chest and abdomen in a Buddhist temple, which is called Maitreya Buddha. There is also the legendary cloth bag monk as the embodiment of Maitreya. In the old folk porcelain carving, five boys and dolls climbed on the Maitreya Buddha to play. Put one at home to make your family happy.

God of longevity

The birthday girl is also called the Antarctic fairy Weng. In ancient times, there were two meanings: first, it refers to the eastern corner of twenty-eight lodging houses (see Erya); A very old star in the West Palace (see Historical Records). During the Qin and Han Dynasties, the birthday star set up a shrine to offer sacrifices. At first, he was in charge of the life of the national transportation, and there was a saying of "seeing the world safely". After the Eastern Han Dynasty, the emperors of all dynasties regarded the birthday boy as the god of longevity among their masters and listed him as a national holiday. The image of the birthday girl worshipped in modern times is an old man with high forehead, white hair and white beard. According to this, the mask of the birthday girl in Duangong drama is mainly marked by long head and elegant white beard, which shapes the birthday girl.

Yue longmen, a carp ―― Climbing the social ladder.

Traditional auspicious patterns. Longmen, between Hejin in Shanxi and Hancheng in Shaanxi, is like a gate across the Yellow River. According to legend, when Yu Xia was controlling water, he once cut a mountain and flowed through it. Xin San said: "Hejin is a dragon gate, and the water and the danger are impassable, so fish and turtles can't get on it. There are thousands of big fish in the sea in Longmen, and the dragon is on the top; If you don't get up, you will be violent. " This may be the origin of the legend of jumping the dragon gate. In ancient times, the word "Longmen" was used to describe a person with great fame. Whoever gains fame by being quoted by him is called boarding the Dragon Gate. Tang Li Bai's "Book of South Jingzhou" said: "Once you climb the Longmen, the price is ten times." Li Shizhen's Compendium of Materia Medica in Ming Dynasty: "Carp is the crown of hundreds of fish. Cute in shape, changeable, and often jumping into rivers and lakes. " Therefore, yue longmen, a carp, was often used in ancient times as a metaphor to promote civilians through imperial examinations, and the ornamentation was formed accordingly. It is often widely used in embroidery, paper-cutting and sculpture, and is regarded as a symbol of luck.

Immediately seal Hou

This painting shows a monkey riding on a fine horse. "Monkey" and ... are waiting for you right away. Horses have the function of prospering wealth. Have the effect of getting there first, and you will succeed immediately. Riding a monkey immediately means that you can be promoted immediately, step by step, and be prosperous. A monkey with a big monkey on its back is called a monkey (Hou). The pattern is a maple tree and a printed metonymic seal (maple tree) hung by a monkey, and the monkey or bee and monkey hold the metonymic seal (bee) held by the monkey.

Be at the top of the list of successful candidates-become a champion.

Ao is a legendary turtle or turtle in the sea. In the Tang and Song Dynasties, the images of dragons and turtles were carved on the slate in the middle of the palace steps. All the participants in the imperial examination should meet the list on the steps of the palace. According to the regulations, the first champion should stand at the top, so the champion in the exam is called the "team leader"

Fame and wealth

A rooster is a rooster. Tall and heroic, heroic. Li He has a famous saying, "A rooster sings the world white." When the rooster crows, light comes. "Gong" and "Gong", "Ming" and "Ming" are homonyms of fame. Peony and rooster form a pattern called "fame and fortune", which means that people come from a prosperous career and a prosperous fortune.

Yipin incorruptible

Yipin is the title of the highest official rank in ancient times. "Mandarin? Zhou Yu: "Foreign officials are just nine products. "Under the emperor, civil and military officials are divided into nine grades, which is the ninth grade; A product refers to the highest level. Lotus, lotus also. " Erya? Cao Shi: "Lotus, fuqu ... actually lotus. Lotus and lotus are often mixed. There were many poems praising lotus in ancient times. Song and Zhou Dunyi's "Love Lotus" said: "Mud is not sticky, clear but not demon. "So far, it is still popular." "Lian" and "Lian" are homonyms, and "one product is clean and honest" means high in position but not greedy, fair and honest, which is the praise of the old people for honest officials.

Five poison maps

People think that May is the time when the five poisons (scorpion, snake, centipede, gecko and toad) appear, and people should use various methods to prevent the harm of the five poisons. Generally, a map of five poisons is posted in the house, five poisons are printed on red paper, and then five needles are stuck on the five poisons, that is, the poisons are stabbed to death, and they can no longer be rampant. This is a witchcraft legacy to ward off evil spirits. Folk people also embroider five poisons on clothes and decorate five poisons on cakes, all of which mean expulsion.

Four-spirit map

Qinglong, Baihu, Suzaku and Xuanwu originally referred to the four stars in the sky, representing four directions. Auspicious animal images such as Qinglong, White Tiger, Suzaku and Xuanwu, among which Qinglong, also known as Black Dragon, is the God of the East; "White Tiger" is the God of the West; "Suzaku" refers to the southern god Phoenix; "Xuanwu" is a combination of tortoise and snake, which symbolizes longevity and is the god of the north. They represent peace in all directions, as well as prosperity and peace and the prosperity of the country. There are also themes that show the noble integrity and noble character of the literati, which are loved by the people: (1) Autumn Chrysanthemum in Ao Shuang, which uses single-nest or double-nest chrysanthemums as patterns. Chrysanthemum is a perennial herb in Compositae. It blooms in the autumn frost, and when the flowers wither, it shows its awe-inspiring character of cold-resistant Ao Shuang. 1925 Chrysanthemum-patterned women's clothes unearthed from the Song Tomb in Fuzhou, Fujian. It's quite fashionable in Ming and Qing Dynasties. ② "Lougenlan" is also called "root grass". The pattern consists of "orchids" with exposed roots. At the end of Song Dynasty, Zheng Sixiao, a poet and painter, was interested in doing exercises and devoted himself to loyalty. After Song died, he lived in seclusion in the martial arts, interacted with Korean guests and sat in the south to show that he did not forget his homeland. I have been good at painting cymbidium all my life. After I entered the Yuan Dynasty, I painted cymbidium, and the simple leaves will show my roots. I said, "How can I bear it if the soil is taken by fans?" When officials in the Yuan Dynasty asked him to draw orchids, he replied, "You can't get orchids without breaking your head.". Later generations praised his noble character, mostly decorated with "Lougenlan". (3) "Snow Plum Blossom" distributes blooming plum blossoms on criss-crossing ice patterns. Plum blossoms bloom in early spring, which can resist cold and frost, so they are regarded as a symbol of loyalty and purity. There are also many expressions and auspicious meanings: first, for example, new branches sprout from a horizontal trunk, which means "there is no shortage for generations"; Secondly, "plum blossom" and "bamboo leaf" are combined into a pattern, which means "childhood friends"; Third, adding "pine" and "bamboo" means "three friends of the old and the cold" who can withstand the wind, gluttony and snow abuse; Fourth, the petals of "Plum Blossom" are five petals, which means "Five Blessingg"; That is, "happiness, wealth, longevity, happiness and wealth"; Fifth, add "ice particles", which means "pure and clean"; Sixth, a "magpie" stands on the branch of "plum blossom", which means "I like the top of plum (lintel)", which means that there is a happy event coming, because "lintel" means home. (4) "honeysuckle" is also called "honeysuckle". Plants like vines bloom more than in March, and their colors are yellow and white. Because it is not afraid of cold, it is named "honeysuckle". Cizhou kilns are used as edge decoration by many people. (5) "national color and fragrance", that is, peony flowers. As a unique flower in China, it was honored as "the king of flowers" in ancient times and had the reputation of "national beauty and fragrance". Because of its dignified and gorgeous patterns and elegant manners, it is regarded as a symbol of elegance. The peony is one of the most important decorative patterns in Cizhou Kiln. (6) "Three Friends in Cold Years", also known as "Three Friends Association". The pattern is composed of three cold-tolerant plants, pine, bamboo and plum, which means that it is tested, quiet and tenacious. In Jin Ping Mei, Li Pinger wears a pair of "Lei Jin Si Song Zhu Mei San You Comb Back"; Qing Weijie's Extracts of Silkworm and Mulberry listed the names of the "Three Friends Association". This auspicious pattern has been loved by people since the Song Dynasty. (7) Four gentlemen use four kinds of flowers, plum, orchid, bamboo and chrysanthemum, to form a pattern, which means noble character. It was quite popular in Ming and Qing Dynasties. In modern society, various mascots, logos and badges can also be regarded as totems in the modern sense.