Traditional Culture Encyclopedia - Traditional virtues - Many things happen.

Many things happen.

Hard work pays off.

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Kung fu: ① skills; Attainment ② refers to martial arts ③ and "Kung Fu" (refers to the time occupied). This sentence refers to ③. Negative: Sorry. Willful person: a person who is willing to work hard and use his head. Intention: Intention. Everything comes to him who waits: as long as you do one thing with your heart, you will succeed. Explain that the success of things lies in being willing to work hard. "Many things grind" is a well-known saying (proverb), which tells people that nothing is impossible as long as you treat what you do diligently and seriously, and as long as you pay, your efforts will not fail you.

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Jian Zhen Du Dong: Jian Zhen became a monk at the age of 65,438+08 and studied Buddhism diligently. In 742, Japan sent Rong He and Pu Zhao to China to invite monk Jian Zhen to preach in Japan. Jian Zhen China Eastern Airlines failed three times and the ship drifted to Hainan Island. In 753 AD, Japan sent its envoy to China for the tenth time, and Jian Zhen finally took the Japanese mission to Kyushu, Japan. Edison invents electric light:1At the beginning of the 9th century, people began to use gas lamps, but gas was supplied by pipes. Once it is leaked or blocked, it is very prone to accidents and explosions. People are very enthusiastic about lighting reform. In fact, Edison set himself an impossible task: in addition to improving lighting, he must also create a power supply system. So he and his partners in Luomeng Garden made more than 600 experiments on heat-resistant materials and more than 600 kinds of plant fibers 1600 times before they made the first carbon filament light bulb, which can burn for 45 hours at a time. Later, he constantly improved the manufacturing method on this basis, and finally introduced a bamboo filament light bulb that can ignite 1200 hours. Zu Ti in Jin Dynasty was an open-minded and ambitious person. But he was a naughty boy when he was a child and didn't like to learn to read. When he was young, he realized his lack of knowledge and felt that he could not serve his country without reading, so he began to study hard. He read a lot of books extensively and studied historical knowledge seriously, from which he learned a wealth of knowledge and greatly improved his knowledge. He has been in and out of Luoyang, Kyoto for several times, and all the people he contacted said that he was a talent who could assist the emperor in governing the country. At the age of 24, Zu Ti was recommended to be an official. He not only refused, but also studied harder. Later, Zu Ti and his childhood friend Liu Kun served as the main book of Sizhou. He and Liu Kun have deep feelings. They not only share the same bed, but also share the same lofty ideal: to make contributions, revitalize the state of Jin and become a pillar of the country. Once, in the middle of the night, Zu Ti heard the cock crow in his sleep. After he woke Liu Kun up, he said to him, "People think it's unlucky to hear chickens crow in the middle of the night. I don't think so. How about we get up and practice swords when we hear chickens crow in the future? " Liu Kun readily agreed. So every day after the rooster crows, he gets up to practice his sword, and the light of the sword flies and the sound of the sword is sonorous. Spring goes to winter, cold goes to summer, and it never stops. Many things happen. After long and arduous study and training, they finally became generalists who can write good articles and lead troops to win the battle. Zu Ti was named General Zhenxi, realizing his desire to serve the country. Liu Kun became the commander-in-chief in charge of military affairs in Hebei and Youzhou, and also gave full play to his literary talent and military talent. Lincoln: a bourgeois revolutionary, the first 16 president of the United States, Lincoln is a world-famous great orator. His success lies in that he has been practicing his eloquence since his youth, watching and listening more. When he was young, he worked as a farmer, lumberjack, shop assistant, postman, land surveyor and so on. In order to become a lawyer, he often walks 30 miles to a court to listen to lawyers' arguments and see how they argue and gesture. He imitated politicians and speakers while listening to their impassioned speeches. He listened to the evangelists who traveled everywhere, waved their arms and shook their voices in the sky. When he came back, he followed their example and practiced his speech repeatedly in the Woods and cornfields. The success of the speech made Lincoln finally become an eloquent lawyer and finally entered politics. Helen Keller: 1880 was born in mbia, Tuscany, a small town in northern Alabama. When she was one and a half years old, scarlet fever deprived her of her sight and hearing, and then she lost the ability to express herself in words. However, in this dark and lonely world, she actually learned to read and speak, and graduated with honors from Radcliffe College in the United States, becoming a well-known writer and educator proficient in five languages: English, French, German, Latin and Greek. She traveled all over the United States and the world to raise money for schools for the blind and devoted her life to the welfare and education of the blind. She has won the praise of people all over the world and won many government awards. Zhang Haidi: Born in Jinan, Zhang Haidi is a famous disabled writer with a master's degree in philosophy in China. He is currently a member of the Standing Committee of Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, Chairman of China Disabled Persons' Federation, Member of Chinese Writers Association and Vice Chairman of Shandong Writers Association. 1960 Zhang Haidi suffered from spinal hemangioma at the age of five, which led to paraplegia. 1970 was sent to Shen county, Liaocheng city, Shandong province with his parents. He completed his primary school, middle school and university studies by himself, studied acupuncture and practiced medicine locally. Married Wang Zuoliang on July 23rd, 1982. 1983, the producer of China decided to establish Zhang Haidi as a propaganda idol. Zhang Haidi received two praises: "New Lei Feng in 1980s" and "Contemporary Paul". Zhang Haidi was a member of the 9th and 10th China People's Political Consultative Conference. In June 2008 165438+ 10, he was elected as the chairman of the fifth presidium of China Disabled Persons' Federation. The story of Gong Yu moving mountains: There is an old man in his nineties in Beishan, whose name is Gong Yu. There are two mountains in front of his house, Taihang Mountain and Wuwang Mountain, which are inconvenient to get in and out. Yugong discussed with his family and wanted to dig up these two mountains. Gong Yu's wife wants to know where to put stones and dirt on the mountain. Regardless of this, Gong Yu and his sons began to transport the excavated soil and stones to the Bohai Sea far away, only once a year. An old man named Zhisou in Hequ advised Gong Yu not to be stupid. How can he dig Hirayama at his age? Yu Gong said, "When I die, I have a son. When my son dies, I have a grandson, and the grandson has a son. How can we dig uneven mountains if we continue to work for generations? " The Emperor of Heaven was moved by the spirit of Yu Gong. He sent two gods and took away two mountains. Gong Yu mobilized the whole family to conquer the tall and big mountains; Old and weak; Few people; On the surface, great difficulties like simple tools and long-distance transportation seem "stupid". However, Yu Gong was not intimidated by the immediate difficulties because he had great ambitions. It can be seen from "referring to the south of Henan and reaching Hanyin" that he moved mountains to benefit thousands of people and future generations in Qian Qian, Qian Qian. In addition, his confidence in moving mountains comes from his correct understanding of the relationship between man and nature. He understands that human strength is "infinite" and "the mountains do not increase". His knowledge is far higher than the average person, and he is really "still smarter than a fool". However, Zhi Yu only looks at the problem from a static perspective, thinks that natural conditions cannot be changed, and only sees the strength of a generation, thus drawing the conclusion that people are powerless in front of nature, which is really "short-sighted". The above analysis shows that fools are not stupid and wise men are not wise. This inversion not only intensifies the contrast tone, but also has an ironic effect. Sun Jing is from the Western Han Dynasty. Every night when he studies, he ties a rope to his hair and the other end to the beam. Every time he lowers his head, the rope will wake him up and continue reading. In this way, he became a celebrity who used a hanging beam to prevent himself from falling asleep. Su Qin, who is also a spy, has been looked down upon by others because he can't be an official in Qin. So he decided to fight for breath. From then on, he studied hard and forgot to eat and sleep. Whenever it's quiet at night, Su Qin is already dizzy and always wants to sleep. He immediately stabbed his thigh with an awl and felt pain, and people woke up. This is Su Qin, a celebrity who woke himself up by stabbing stocks. Digging the wall for light: Kuang Heng can't afford books, so he has to borrow books to read. At that time, books were so valuable that people who had books refused to lend them to others easily. During the busy farming season, Kuang Heng worked as a short-term worker for wealthy families and asked them to lend him books for free. A few years later, Kuang Heng grew up and became the main labor force in the family. He works in the fields all day, and only has time to read some books during his lunch break, so it often takes ten days and a half months to finish reading a book. Kuang Heng was in a hurry, thinking: planting crops during the day, no time to read, you can spend more time reading at night. But Kuang Heng's family is too poor to buy oil for lighting. What shall we do One night, Kuang Heng was lying in bed reciting the books he had read during the day. Behind me, I suddenly saw a light coming through the east wall. He stood up and walked to the wall. It turned out that the neighbor's lights came through the cracks in the wall. So Kuang Heng thought of a way: he picked up a knife and dug several cracks in the wall. In this way, the light coming through is also very big, so he gathered the light coming through and began to read. As long as the kung fu is deep, the iron pestle is ground into a needle: Li Bai, a great poet in the Tang Dynasty, hated reading when he was a child. One day, he sneaked out to play while the teacher was away. He came to the river at the foot of the mountain to play and saw an old woman grinding an iron bar on a stone. Li Bai was puzzled and asked, "Old woman, what are you doing grinding the iron pestle?" The old woman said, "I am grinding the needle." Li Bai was surprised and asked, "Ah! As thick as a pestle, how can it be ground into a needle? " The old woman smiled and said, "As long as you grind this pestle every day, you can grind it more and more finely. Are you afraid it won't work? " Li Bai, a clever man, was ashamed of himself after hearing this. He turned and ran back to the bookstore. From then on, he kept in mind the truth that "as long as kung fu is deep, the iron pestle is ground into a needle" and studied hard. As long as you have perseverance, you can succeed, even an iron pestle can be ground into a needle. That is, where there is a will, there is a way, and cross the rubicon. 120 Qin Guan will eventually return to Chu; Hard-working people, everything comes to him who waits, eat their intestines, and more than 3 thousand armor can swallow Wu! As long as you stick to it, you will gain your own recognition. Lei Feng's deeds: Suffering childhood relatives: Grandpa Lei Xinting: Grandpa Lei Xinting, for many years, managed to maintain a half-full life by planting 10 mu of land in the landlord Downs, and was seriously ill under the exploitation of high land rent, usury and exorbitant taxes. In the winter when Lei Feng was 3 years old, the landlord Tang Sigong forced Lei Xinting to pay the rent before the end of the year, and Lei Xinting died with a grudge. Father Lei Mingliang: Father Lei Mingliang participated in the Hunan peasant movement led by Chairman Mao and served as the captain of self-defense. 1938, the arrested husband was beaten by the Kuomintang, causing internal injuries and disability. He returned to his hometown to recuperate and make a living by farming. 1944 was beaten by the Japanese aggressors, and the injury was more serious. He finally died the following autumn. Mother Huang: Mother Huang was born in a blacksmith's family and was sent to Lei's home as a child bride in her teens. After marriage, I tried to manage my family life. After the death of father, husband, eldest son and youngest son, life became more and more difficult. After being humiliated and persecuted by the landlord, I hanged myself on the night of the Mid-Autumn Festival in 1947. Brother Lei: My brother Lei went out to work as a child laborer when he was twelve years old, and suffered from pulmonary tuberculosis in children under the torture of hard work. One day, he suddenly fainted next to the machine and ran over his arms and fingers. After being expelled, he worked as a child laborer in a printing and dyeing workshop. Because of overwork, lung disease worsened and there was no money for treatment, he died in a few days. Lei Feng was born in a poor peasant family in Jianjiatang Village, Wangcheng County, Hunan Province on 19401February 18. Unforgettable scar Lei Feng became an orphan before he was seven years old. Our sixth uncle and grandmother adopted him In order to help sixth uncle's grandmother's family, he often goes to the mountains to cut wood. However, the local firewood mountains are occupied by rich households and the poor are not allowed to cut them down. One day, Lei Feng went to Sheshan to cut firewood and was seen by Xu Fangdong. The landlady pointed to Lei Feng and picked up the firewood knife. Lei Feng cried for a firewood knife, but the landlady raised the knife and cut it three times on the back of Lei Feng's left hand. Blood dripped down the mountain road along her fingers ... The China People's Liberation Army, determined to join the army, passed by Lei Feng's hometown in August 1949. When Lei Feng saw that the camping team had settled down, he asked his fellow villagers for help, such as carrying water and sweeping the floor. He pays firewood and food at a fixed price, and he has a deep desire to join the army instead of taking the needle and thread of the masses. Lei Feng found the company commander of the army and determined to be a soldier. When the company commander learned what had happened to him, he told him that he was too young to be a soldier until he grew up, and gave him a pen to encourage him to study hard and defend and build China when he grew up. Joined the Children's League 1950, farmers' associations were established in the village to carry out land reform. Lei Feng took an active part in this movement and became the head of the Children's League, standing guard and patrolling to prevent the enemy from destroying it. I also learned to say Allegro and make propaganda. When I was a student, in the summer of 1950, the township government sent the orphan Lei Feng to study for free. /kloc-in the summer of 0/956, he graduated from heyeba primary school. In recent years, Lei Feng overcame difficulties and studied hard, which was highly praised by teachers and students. He helped underachievers, cared about collective meals and fought against bad elements, and was highly praised by school teachers, classmates and villagers. At the graduation ceremony, he took the stage to speak and insisted on staying in the countryside to contribute his meager strength to building a new socialist countryside. 1September, 956, Lei Feng worked as a correspondent in the township government. 1 1 month, Lei Feng, who has reached the age of 16, was recommended to be a civil servant in Wangcheng County Committee. 1957, Lei Feng was gloriously named as a model worker of the government. 1958 In the spring, Lei Feng came to Kunshan Lake Farm and became a tractor driver. 1September, 958, Lei Feng came to Angang to work as a C-80 bulldozer. 1In August, 959, Lei Feng came to Gongchangling Coking Plant to participate in the capital construction. One day in the summer of the following year, he led his partners to fight in the rain and recovered the loss of 7200 bags of cement. << Liaoyang Daily >> This article reported Lei Feng's deeds of saving cement and praised his deeds of sacrificing himself for others. Lei Feng worked in Anshan and Coking Plant for two months a year. He was rated as an advanced worker for three times, a pacesetter for five times, a red flag bearer for eighteen times, and a young socialist construction activist. 19591joined the people's liberation army in early February, and the recruitment work for the new year began. Lei Feng urgently requested to join the China People's Liberation Army. However, in view of the limited number of recruitment places in the coking plant, and Lei Feng's outstanding performance on the construction site, and the leaders were reluctant to let him go, they did not agree to his registration. This worries Lei Feng. He ran dozens of miles to the People's Armed Forces Department of Liaoyang City, told Yu about his experience and showed his willingness and determination to join the army. Yu He, the leader sent by the Armed Forces Corps, specially studied Lei Feng's enlistment, thinking that he was a poor boy and had been trained by practical work. He has a good political quality and a clear motive for joining the army. Although the height 1.54 meters and the weight are less than 55 kilograms, the physical condition is poor. However, he has driven tractors on farms and bulldozers in factories, and has been rated as an activist and advanced worker in socialist construction for many times. I believe he will grow faster after joining the army. Finally, he decided to approve Lei Feng to join the army. 1960 1 8, Lei Feng received a notice of enlistment. He came to Yingkou with the recruits from Liaoyang. As a representative of new recruits, he spoke at the meeting to welcome comrades to join the army. Lei Feng's regiment is an army with a glorious war history. He is determined to carry forward the fine tradition with practical actions. During dinner, he read newspapers to everyone and publicized the party's policies: during recess, he taught everyone to sing. Lei Feng felt the warmth without it in this big family. Because of his small arms and weak strength, he failed to practice throwing grenades. He went out to practice before dawn. Ten days later, like other comrades-in-arms, he finally achieved excellent results in live-fire learning and came from behind. After the training of recruits, Lei Feng was assigned to a transportation company as an automobile soldier to meet the needs of the revolution. When the revolution needed me to burn charcoal, I went to Zhang's side. The revolution needed me to plug the loophole, so I went to be Huang Jiguang. This is Lei Feng's attitude towards this organization. Lei Feng is usually cheerful and lively, teaching singing, running a wall newspaper and talking about Allegro. When the superior arranged for him to join the warrior performance team, he recited his lines from morning till night. Later, considering that Lei Feng's Hunan accent was not harmonious with everyone's Mandarin, which affected the performance effect, he offered to change himself and concentrate on logistics for the performance. Although everyone didn't see Lei Feng's performance, every program on the stage contains Lei Feng's fighting spirit and the spirit of caring for the collective and obeying the needs of work everywhere. After returning to the transportation company, Lei Feng devoted himself to the intense study of driving skills. In view of the lack of coaches, he led everyone to make a car driving platform. Lei Feng forgot to eat and sleep when he studied technology, and was unanimously elected as the leader of technology learning. In May, Lei Feng became a qualified driver, was assigned to Class 4, Row 2, and gave it to a 13 car for the construction site. In the task of nailing spiritual construction, he drives around all day, so it is difficult to find time to study. Lei Feng put the book in his backpack and took it with him. As long as the car stops and there is no other work, he sits in the cab and reads. He wrote the following words in his diary: Some people say that they are busy at work. I think the problem is not that you are busy at work, but whether you are willing to study and whether you will squeeze time. Have plenty of time to study. The question is whether we are good at squeezing and willing to drill. There are no eyes on a good board, but why can nails be nailed in? This is under pressure. From this point of view, nails have two advantages: one is compressive strength, and the other is drilling strength. We should also advocate this nail spirit in our study and be good at squeezing and drilling. 1960 On a Sunday in early summer, Lei Feng had a terrible stomachache. Back to the regiment health company to prescribe some medicine, I saw a construction site in full swing. It was originally for Gai Lou of Benxi Road Primary School. Lei Feng couldn't help pushing up a car and joining the ranks of carrying bricks until noon. Lei Feng was surrounded by a group of workers. Facing everyone, he said: We are all making contributions to socialist construction. This afternoon, I learned the name of Lei Feng and the thank-you letter from the Second Construction Company of the city where the troops were stationed. Only then did everyone know that the sick Lei Feng had done a good deed and had a special Sunday. 1in August, 960, the honorable fool was flooded in Fushun, and the traffic was ordered to fight floods. Lei Feng endured the pain of burning his hand when he just took part in the fire fighting, and fought with his comrades in Shangsi Reservoir Dam for seven days and seven nights. I was awarded second class merit. A large-scale production mobilization meeting was held in Wanghua District, which was very loud. Lei Feng went to the streets to do business just to see this scene. He took out the 200 yuan money (203 yuan in the passbook) saved in the factory and army, and ran to the office of the Party Committee of Wanghua District to donate it to make some contributions to the construction of the motherland. The comrades who take care of him can't refuse his friendship. I have to accept half. In addition, when there is no flood in a hundred years, donate 100 yuan to the people of Liaoyang. In the case of severe natural disasters in China, he donated all his savings to national construction and disaster areas, but he was reluctant to drink a bottle of soda. Zhou Enlai: Zhou Enlai, born in Xiangyu on March 5th, 1898. Nickname, chaos. Used to be Feifei, Wu Hao, Shaoshan, Guan Sheng, etc. Originally from Shaoxing, Zhejiang, I was born in Huai 'an, Jiangsu. 19 13 entered Tianjin Nankai Middle School. 19 17 Studying in Japan. 1965438+returned to China in 2009. Participated in the May 4th Movement in Tianjin, organized the Enlightenment Society, and engaged in anti-imperialist and anti-feudal revolutionary activities. 1920 to 1924 went to France and Germany to work and study, promoted Marxism among China students and European workers, and initiated the organization of the China Youth Production Party (later renamed the China Socialist Youth League). 1922 joined the China * * * production party (introduced by Zhang Shenfu and others), served as the European branch secretary of the China Socialist Youth League, participated in the leadership of the European branch of China * * *, and played an important role in the early party building and league building. /kloc-0 returned from Paris in August, 1924, and served as the director of the political department of Huangpu Military Academy, the director of the political department of the First Army of the National Revolutionary Army, the chairman, standing committee member and minister of Guangdong and Guangxi Military Departments, and presided over the establishment of the revolutionary armed Ye Ting Independent Regiment under the direct leadership of the Party. 1February 925 and 10/October, led the first and second expeditions to the east, and made great contributions to consolidating and developing Guangdong revolutionary base areas and carrying out the northern expedition. 1926 taught military courses in Guangzhou peasant movement workshop, and went to Shanghai in the winter of the same year as secretary of the Central Military Commission and secretary of the Jiangsu and Zhejiang Military Commissions. March 1927 led Shanghai workers to win the third armed uprising; In August, he led the Nanchang Uprising, fired the first shot at the Kuomintang reactionaries, made important contributions to the founding of the People's Army, and served as secretary of the former enemy committee of China. In the same month, he was elected as Alternate member of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee at the August 7th meeting. 1928 attended the sixth national congress of the Communist Party of China (CPC), where he gave a report on military and organizational issues. After that, he insisted on underground work in Shanghai, served as director of the Organization Department of the CPC Central Committee and secretary of the Central Military Commission, and published Resolutely Eliminating All Non-proletarian Consciousness in the Party and the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China's Instruction Letter to the Front Committee of the Fourth Front Army. 193 1 12 after entering the central revolutionary base area, he served as secretary of the c.o. of the central Soviet area, general political commissar of the Chinese workers and peasants red army and political commissar of the first army, and vice chairman of the central revolutionary military commission. 1in the spring of 933, together with Zhu De, he led and commanded the fourth war against "encirclement and suppression" and won a great victory. At Zunyi Conference, he firmly supported Mao Zedong's correct line and played a very important role in establishing Mao Zedong's leading position in the whole party. After the Zunyi meeting, he still served as the vice chairman of the Central Revolutionary Military Commission and a member of the three-member Central Military Command Group. 1936 1936 February, Ren Zhong * * * was the plenipotentiary, went to Ann to negotiate with Chiang Kai-shek who was arrested, and peacefully resolved the An Incident. During the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression period, he served as the representative of the Central Committee and secretary of the Nanfang Bureau, and served as the deputy director of the Political Department of the Military Commission of the Kuomintang government. He worked for the party and the United front in Wuhan and Chongqing, where the Kuomintang government was located. 1in August, 945, he and Mao Zedong went to Chongqing to negotiate with the Kuomintang. After the signing of the agreement on October 10th, he led a delegation to stay in Chongqing and Nanjing. 1946165438+10 returned to Yan 'an from Nanjing. 1in March, 947, when the Kuomintang troops attacked the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia border region, they moved to northern Shaanxi. In August of the same year, he served as vice chairman and acting chief of staff of the Central Military Commission. 1September, 948, participated in the three major battles of Liaoshen, Ping Jin and Huaihai. In the same year 10, he served as the vice chairman and chief of staff of the central military commission, 165438. After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), he made immortal contributions in overthrowing the reactionary rule of the Kuomintang, seizing power by armed forces, and creating a new socialist China. After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), he served as Prime Minister, Foreign Minister (concurrently) and Chief of Staff. He is a member of the Fifth Central Committee, a member of the Sixth to Tenth the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee, a secretary of the Sixth and Seventh Central Secretariat, a member of the Standing Committee of the Eighth to Tenth Political Bureau of the Central Committee, a vice-chairman of the Eighth and Tenth Central Committees and a representative of the First to Fourth National People's Congress. When dealing with the daily affairs of the party and the country, he worked with Mao Zedong to formulate the line, principles and policies of the party's socialist construction; He personally presided over the formulation and implementation of several five-year plans for the development of the national economy. 1960 put forward the policy of adjustment, consolidation, enrichment and improvement, and adopted a series of measures to restore and develop the national economy smoothly. It also points out that the vast majority of intellectuals in China are intellectuals of working people, and science and technology play a key role in China's modernization and are of great significance to socialist construction. In international affairs, he participated in formulating and personally implementing major diplomatic decisions, put forward a series of specific principles and policies for diplomatic work, and creatively implemented the party's revolutionary diplomatic line. 1954, he advocated the famous five principles of peace. 1In April, 955, he led a delegation from China to attend the first Asian-African Conference, which contributed to the adoption of the Ten Principles of the Bandung Conference based on the Five Principles of Peace. 196 1 attended the 22nd Congress of the Soviet Union and fought resolutely against Khrushchev's act of splitting the international capitalist movement. During the Cultural Revolution, he took care of the overall situation and worked hard. In order to continue the normal work of the party and the state, he tried his best to reduce losses, protect a large number of cadres inside and outside the party, and waged various forms of struggle against the conspiracy of Lin Biao and Jiang Qing's counter-revolutionary clique. At the Fourth National People's Congress, on behalf of the Party, he put forward a grand plan to realize the modernization of agriculture, industry, national defense and science and technology in an all-round way in this century and make China's national economy walk in the forefront of the world. 1972 He has been working since he was ill.