What schools of European painting are there?

There are different schools of European painting in different periods. The following are introduced according to different periods:

Ancient Greece and Rome

The earliest human painting was produced in the late Paleolithic period, and the art of this period lasted for about 10 thousand years. Almost all the paintings are concentrated in the last 5000 years of the Paleolithic, that is, the Modlin culture period from 6.5438+0.7 million years ago to 6.5438+0.2 million years ago. These oldest paintings drawn on the rock walls of primitive caves are magnificent and lifelike, which can be called naturalistic masterpieces. The murals in Lascaux Cave in France and altamira Cave in Spain are outstanding representatives.

Middle Ages

The long period of the Middle Ages (476-15th century) was between the end and revival of classical civilization. Many people think that medieval art is grotesque, chaotic and even degenerate to ugliness. Some people think that the art here is rich, reflecting the fusion of oriental culture, Greek and Roman culture and barbarian culture. Christianity dominated in the Middle Ages, so pictures also served it. It includes five parts: 1. Early Christian painting (2nd-5th century); 2. Byzantine painting (5th-65438+5th century); 3. Barbarian Wars and Carolingian Renaissance; 4. Romanesque (10-12nd century); 5. Gothic (12-15th century).

The Renaissance

Italy is the center of the Renaissance. In the early14-15th century, painters Giotto and Ma Saqiao combined humanism with realistic description of nature. Although they still show signs of rigidity, they show a different realistic style from the Middle Ages. From the end of15th century to the middle of16th century, painters reached an agreement on authenticity and elegance. Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo and Raphael were the "three outstanding men in their prime". Venice painters such as Titian and Jordan paid attention to the expression of light and shadow and pursued hedonism, which had far-reaching influence. 1520- 1590' s hand-painted artists don't care about the expression of the content of their works, but give great enthusiasm to the formal factors, keen to express distorted posture, strange perspective and gorgeous colors, which reflect the interest different from the classical aesthetic spirit of the Renaissance. In addition, Renaissance paintings in the Netherlands, Germany and France also combined Italian style with local traditions and created their own painting styles.

17-18th century

Western painting created a new dynamic situation in the17th century. Italy, Germany, Netherlands, Spain and France are representatives. Generally, it can be divided into three types: 1. Baroque: strong dynamic, dramatic, light-shadow contrast and spatial illusion; 2. Classicism and academism: Classicism emphasizes the expression of reason, form and type, but ignores the expression of artist's spirituality, sensibility and interest; Realism: refusing to follow the norms of classical art and "ideal beauty" and unwilling to beautify nature, that is, faithfully depicting nature. Rococo style was very popular in western painting in18th century. At the same time, realism has also developed. Rococo features: gorgeous, slender, elegant, exotic, light and delicate sensory pleasure.

19th century

At this time, French painting played a leading role in Europe. The development of French painting can be roughly divided into neoclassicism, romanticism, realism, impressionism, neo-impressionism and post-impressionism.

20th century

At this time, many modernist thoughts appeared, which parted ways with traditional painting in artistic theory and concept. Modernism emphasizes the expression of subjective feelings, the purity of art and the value of painting language itself. They reject utilitarianism and pay no attention to descriptive and reproducible factors. They think the most important thing is to organize the picture structure, express inner feelings and create mysterious dreams. Its main schools are: barbarism, cubism, Paris school of painting, expressionism, futurism, Vienna separatism, stylism, Dadaism, metaphysics, surrealism, supremacism, abstract expressionism, spectral art, light effect, new surrealism and surrealism.

Reference link:

Western painting _ Baidu Encyclopedia

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