Literary image and traditional cultural problems

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Collection and Interpretation of Common Images in Classical Poetry

The so-called image is the artistic image created by the objective image through the unique emotional activities of the creative subject. The construction of image is the focus of China's classical poetry creation, and it is also the focus of our study of classical poetry. This paper aims to interpret several most common images.

First, the image of "Liu"

The words "1", "Liu" and "Liu" are homophonic, which often means parting.

"Where to wake up tonight? Yang Liuan and Xiao Feng's "Canyue" three sentences express Liu Yong's nostalgia for his lover.

2. "Willow" is planted in front of eaves and behind houses, and is often used as a symbol of hometown.

"When you go to a tall building, Wan Li is worried, and the willows are like Tingzhou." Expressed Xu Hun's infinite concern for his hometown.

3, "Liu" floc is erratic and often used as a relief.

"Excuse me, how much leisure, Yichuan tobacco, town wind. It rains when the plums are yellow. " A few words vividly illustrate the depth of Zhu He's sadness at this time.

Second, the image of "Yan"

Yan is a migratory bird, which migrates with the change of seasons and likes to enter and leave people's houses or eaves in pairs. Therefore, it is favored by the ancients and often appears in ancient poetry, or cherishes spring and hurts autumn, or exaggerates sadness, or reposes lovesickness, or is sentimental about current events, with rich images and expressive expressions, which are far behind other things.

(1) shows the beauty of spring and conveys the feeling of cherishing spring. According to legend, swallows come to the north in spring and return to the south in autumn, so many poets beautify and praise it as a symbol of spring. For example, "Deep in the haze of flowers, make a fresh breast" (Wei's On Meeting an Old Friend), "Swallows come, news agencies, and pear flower falls are behind" (Yan Shu's Broken Fighter), "Yingying swallows spring, flowers Liu Zhen, and everything is full of rhyme" (George's "The sky is clear and sand is a thing"). "Great research, shape and spirit likeness. The spring is bright, the swallows are petite and lovely, and the literati are affectionate. When spring passes, the poet will feel infinite sadness. Therefore, Ouyang Xiu has "a traveler, only feeling the spring is empty." "When the curtain is hung, the two swallows return in the drizzle (picking mulberry seeds), and Qiao Ji has" Who is the swallow hiding the spring title, Yinger is ashamed to find a companion, cold and lazy to report to the official (picking honey), and the crow is hungry "(Narcissus).

(2) show the beauty of love and convey the desire for a lover. Swallows are always hermaphrodite and fly together, thus becoming a symbol of love. Think in pairs and come to your nest with mud (Book of Songs), Yan Er newly married, like brothers (Book of Songs), Yan Er flies, misses his feathers, and his son returns to the wild (Book of Songs), Only lonely with the empty boudoir, dark cobwebs hanging, empty beams falling into the mud (Xue Daoheng's Yesterday's Salt), Falling flowers are independent, Swift flies two times. All these, to name a few.

(3) Express the changes of current events, and express the feelings and indignation over the ups and downs of the past, the metabolism of personnel, the extinction of the country and the destruction of the family. Swallows leave in autumn and come in spring, never forgetting their old nests. The poet seized this feature and gave vent to his indignation. The most famous is Liu Yuxi's "Wuyi Xiang": "The Suzaku Bridge is overgrown with weeds, and the sun sets in Wuyi Xiangkou. In the old society, Wang Xie Tang Qianyan flew into the homes of ordinary people. " In addition, there are some special banquets, such as "Flowers fall without incident, deja vu, swallows return, small gardens wander alone" (Huanxisha), Li's "Swallows return to embroider curtains, and their nests are nowhere to be found" (Former Residence of Huai Jin Gate), and Jiang Kui's "Swallows are unintentional, and the west bank of Taihu Lake goes with the clouds. Several peaks are bitter, and the rain in Shang Lue is hazy "(Dianjiang Lip), Zhang Yan's" Swallows know where in those days, the moss is deep and the grass is dark "(high balcony), and Wen Tianxiang's" The scenery of mountains and rivers is the same, and the people in the city go to half. Reed flowers everywhere accompany me to grow old. Who will fly next to the old swallow? " (Jinling post) Swallow inadvertently witnessed the changes of current events, endured the pain of national destruction and death, and showed the sadness of the poet's "separation". The load can be described as heavy.

(4) Pass the book on behalf of others, and lightly complain about the pain of leaving love. In the Tang Dynasty, Guo Shaolan's Yanzu poems spread to her husband Renzong. Injong left home for Jiahu and never returned for several years. Shao Lan's poems were written by Yan Zu. Living in Jingzhou at that time, Yan suddenly leaned on his shoulder and saw a book tied to his foot, which explained that it was sent by his wife and returned with tears. His poem "seeing my husband off" said: "My husband went to the heavy lake, and I cried at the window. I am diligent and given to my thin lover by Yan Yi. " Who said that "Yan Ziliang is too heartless" (Cao Xueqin's Dream of Red Mansions), it is precisely because Yan Zi has feelings that her husband changed his mind and the husband and wife met. Guo Shaolan is lucky. Some unfortunate women borrow Yan to pass on books, but they are lost in the vast sea of people. Such as "A sad swallow leaves a red line, causing a lonely shadow" (Zhang Kejiu's "Sai Qiu Hong Chun Qing"), "When Shuang Yan comes, do you meet a stranger" (Feng Yansi's "Near Flowers"), its bitterness.

(5) Express the feeling of wandering and describe the suffering of wandering. "Sacredness, intuition and analogy are the dominant thinking modes of the Han nationality" (Zhang Dainian's "China's Thinking Deviation"), flowers, birds, insects and fish are all written by literati, and birds and animals are all poets. Goose mourns autumn, ape sings, cicada sends high. The uncertainty of the swallow's habitat has left a rich imagination space for the poet, or wandering, "like a new swallow every year, roaming the vast sea and sending the rafters to repair" (Zhou Bangyan's Man Fang Ting); Or the ups and downs of life experience, "Looking at Chang 'an from a distance, the future is full of spots, and it is difficult to travel north and south" (Zhang Kejiu's "Palace Front"); Or leave each other when they meet, "like a social couple, they will send each other when they meet unsteadily" (Su Shi's "Send Chen Yu Tan Zhou"); Or from time to time, "magnets fly, mica comes to water, earth dragons bring rain, and geese fly instead" (Liu An Huainanzi). Swallow is no longer just a swallow, it has become a symbol of China's traditional culture, and has been integrated into the blood of every Chinese descendant.

Third, the image of "water"

1. Because of the softness and coldness of water, water is often compared to something that can be seen and touched but difficult to grasp, such as moonlight.

Such as: "The day is cool like water at night, sitting and watching the morning glory and Vega." It reflects the tragic fate of women in feudal times from the side.

2. Because of the constant shearing and softness of water, water is often used as a metaphor for sadness.

For example, Li Bai's "But since the water is still flowing, even though we cut it with a sword, sadness will come back, even though we drown them with wine." It expresses the poet's anxiety and sadness, because he strongly feels the irreconcilable contradiction between reality and ideal.

Fourthly, the image of "the moon"

1. In China's ancient poems, it is a common brushwork to set off feelings with the moon. Generally speaking, the moon in ancient poems is synonymous with homesickness. Li Bai's Thoughts on a Quiet Night: "The foot of the bed is bright, is there frost?" Looking up, I found that it was moonlight, sinking again, and I suddenly thought of home. " How does this poem express Li Bai's feelings? Homesickness. The moon in the poem is no longer a purely objective image, but an image full of poet's feelings. Du Fu's "Remembering Brothers on a Moonlit Night": "He knows that the dew will frost tonight, and the moonlight at home will be bright! "Dew is always white, but tonight is whiter, because it feels like tonight; The moon is unknown everywhere, and my hometown is brighter because I miss my brother and my hometown. The poet takes fantasy as reality to highlight his nostalgia for his hometown. In the Tang Dynasty, Wang Jian wrote "Looking at Du Langzhong at Fifteen Nights": "Tonight, the moon is full, and I don't know whose house Qiu Si will fall." The poem points out the universal human feelings of this full moon night with euphemistic questions, and implicitly shows the poet's deep yearning for his hometown friends. In addition, there are Zhang Jiuling's poems in the Tang Dynasty, such as "When the moonlight rises in the sea, the horizon is * * *" (looking at the moon and thinking about a distance), "I want to ask Wujiang not to come here, but I will see you in my dream" (Wang Changling's "Drinking at Cao Zhai Night, Chang Li" in the Tang Dynasty).

2. The bright moon contains the sadness of border people. Such as: "the sand is like snow before returning to Yuefeng, and the moon outside the city is like frost"; "The bright moon in Qin Dynasty, the retreat in Han Dynasty, and the Long March people did not return" is tragic.

The bright moon contains emotional helplessness. For example, Xie Zhuang said, "Beauty walks in the dust, and there is a bright moon thousands of miles away." Prayer and blessing; Zhang Jiuling "The moon is in the sky, and the horizon is * * * at this time." Hope and desire.

The bright moon contains the eternity of time and space. "If the ancients were running water today, they would look at the bright moon." The plundering of life by time and the helplessness of life in front of time are all vividly demonstrated.

Fifth, the image of "wind"

The wind, invisible and considerable, has no god to condense and no skin to touch, but it can "dance with light sleeves and spread songs around the beam." Moving branches creates chaos, blowing flowers to send warm fragrance. "This kind of natural spirit, floating in the sky, pervasive, makes everything in the world move and shake. Once it enters poetry, it is active in the palace of literature and walks through the garden of poetry, just like a girl who is happy in spring and graceful, and like a Kanto man with an iron plate in his hand. It is really colorful and full of the feeling of "wind".

In ancient poetry, wind has become the carrier of poet's expression and expression. It is full of spirituality and poetry, showing many different images:

1, a harmonious, natural and beautiful angel

The wind blows gently, gently, calmly and quietly. "Blowing the face without cold and windy willows" is as gentle as a mother, and "Thinking of the spring breeze, the willows become thousands of strands" is as light and charming as a girl. "Fish comes out in the drizzle, and the swallow leans in the breeze", and the wind warms up, and fish swim in Xiang Yan, which has its own leisure; "The wind is dancing back, and the sky can bloom instantly." Xu Lai's cool breeze, swaying trees, has a different kind of ecstasy. "Feng Chong Xia Yun Jin Qi Juan, Yi Shui fine scales", the river flows, sings leisurely, and the wind blows with a unique flavor; "A gust of wind came with catkins to add fragrance to the shop, and Wu Ji pressed the wine to persuade the guests to pay for it." Spring was bright, flowers were in full bloom, and the wind blew the fragrance all over the house. The wind has become an angel spreading beauty!

2. Energetic promoters.

"Dongfeng spends thousands of trees in one night", "Spring breeze is green in Jiang Nanan", thousands of trees bloom, and Jiang Nanan is green. This is the vitality of spring breeze; "Wildfire never consumes them, but they grow taller again in the spring breeze." Dry grass meets spring, and warm wind gives birth. This is the vitality of the spring breeze! "I don't know who cut the thin leaves, and the spring breeze in February is like scissors." It is the spring breeze that cuts the thin leaves of willow leaves and the early spring of recovery; "Spring breeze starts with plum blossoms in the garden, followed by cherry blossoms, apricots, peaches and plum blossoms" is the spring breeze, which awakens Huaxian, blows away all the flowers and ushers in colorful spring. Then, "the wind sends a beautiful woman, and the spring breeze is busier than passers-by". When the spring breeze blows, colorful flowers are everywhere, which shows that the spring breeze is busy and full of vitality.

3. Heroic and generous songs

Liu Bang, the great ancestor, ruled the whole country, full of high spirits and lofty sentiments. He couldn't help singing: "The wind blows and clouds fly, the weaver girl returns to her hometown in the sea, and the brave guards all directions"; Jing Ke, a strong man attached to the country, without hesitation. He sang: "the wind is rustling and the water is cold, and the strong man is gone forever"; Facing the hardships of the world, Li Bai felt deeply, but did not make up his mind to go. On the contrary, he is full of heroism: "One day I will ride the wind and waves, and set my cloudy sail straight and bridge the deep, deep sea", and his spirit is great! The "strong wind", "long wind" and "rustling wind" here are full of heroic and generous momentum.

4, the carrier of happiness and pride

Meng Jiao prides himself on being a scholar. "Spring breeze is proud of horseshoe disease, and you can see all Chang 'an flowers in one day"; Facing a white world, Cen Can looked at the snowflakes on the pear tree and couldn't help writing "Like the strong wind in spring, it blows at night and blows open the petals of ten thousand pear trees". Yan felt a bright breeze in the air, so he was very happy. He couldn't help chanting: "In February, the breeze was delivered, and thousands of strands of green silk greeted him." Willow branches fluttered and greeted him affectionately. He really appreciated the "cool breeze".

5. Symbol of evil and hostile forces

The east wind warms everything, but at the same time, "the east wind envies flowers and blows off the tender calyx of the branches", which has become the murderer who destroys "flowers"; Lu You and Tang Wan were loving couples, but because of "east wind evil", they were "unhappy and sad for several years"; Du Fu, who cares about the country and people, feels that his career is bumpy and his talents are not satisfied. He couldn't help but sigh: "Although he got the land, he got its lonely tall branches that could bear the weight of the wind", but his loneliness and integrity attracted the strong wind to destroy him; Zheng Sixiao, a poet in the Southern Song Dynasty, "would rather die than fall in the north wind", and would rather die than surrender to Yuan people. "East wind", "gale" and "north wind" have become symbols of evil forces and hostility here.

6. Sadness, resentment and "sadness seeds" of sadness.

"The autumn wind is a bit bleak, followed by desolation." In the eyes of poets, autumn wind is always mixed with loneliness and cold, so they often use autumn wind to express their inner sadness and sadness. Such as "The autumn wind is terrible", "It blows my heart, and it will pass through the jade for a long time", "When the autumn wind enters the courtyard tree, the lonely guest will smell it first", "When the autumn wind starts in Bai Yunfei, the vegetation turns yellow, and the geese return to the south", "The heart of the setting sun is still strong, and the autumn wind is sick", "The autumn wind is sad, the traveler has not returned", "The autumn wind has gone to the countryside, and the autumn wind has passed away" and ". Others, such as "The Ancient Road Thinned with the West Wind", are full of restraint; Yang Liuan Xiaofeng's "Broken Moon" uses "Xiaofeng" to express sadness; Spring breeze, since I dare not know you, what's the matter? At this time, "Spring Breeze" has become an irresistible wind of sadness, which has exhausted the lingering yearning for women through the ages. Yesterday's East Wind ",the old country has changed, and the" East Wind "is ruthless and lingering, adding to Li Yu's infinite sadness.

Sixth, the image of "chrysanthemum"

Chrysanthemum, plum, orchid and bamboo have been the "four gentlemen" in the minds of China literati since ancient times. Chrysanthemum is not only a portrayal of China literati's personality and integrity, but also endowed with extensive and far-reaching symbolic significance.

1, the symbol of hermit

Since it was favored by Mr. Tao Qian, Chrysanthemum has become a "hermit in flowers". Tao Yuanming's "He Guo Ji": "Fang Ju opened Lin Yao, and Song Qingyan lived in it. With this beauty, it is outstanding for the cream. "

It reflects his yearning for enviing a quiet and comfortable life. He picked chrysanthemums leisurely under the east fence, giving chrysanthemums a unique and extraordinary hermit style with the attitude of an idyllic poet and hermit, and chrysanthemums have the spirituality of hermits since then.

2, the symbol of the fighter

Of course, Huang Chao, the leader of peasant uprising in the late Tang Dynasty, changed the image of chrysanthemum hermit. "Whispering westerly winds are planted all over the yard, and cold butterflies are hard to come by. If I were Di Qing in another year, I would report peach blossoms. " Until September 8th in Qiu Lai, I will kill all the flowers after they open. Tianxiang permeates Chang 'an, and the city is full of golden flowers. "In his poems with obvious suggestibility and tendentiousness, Chrysanthemum has become a brave and strong fighter who has gone through many vicissitudes, pleaded for the people and upheld justice for heaven.

At the same time, in Don Cen Can's "Thinking about Chang 'an Hometown on March 9th": If you want to climb the mountain, no one will deliver wine, and you will pity your hometown chrysanthemum far away, you should open it by the battlefield. Chrysanthemum has also become a representative of soldiers.

3. Symbol of sadness

Song Liqing took a photo of "Drunken Flowers": the fog is thick and the clouds are sad forever, and the golden beast disappears. The festival is also a double ninth festival, and the jade pillow gauze kitchen is half cold at night. Dongli drinks until dusk, and faint chrysanthemum fragrance overflows his sleeves. Don't say clear autumn is not a person, the west wind rolls the flag and beads curtain, and the person in the curtain is thinner than that Huang Ju. Li Qingzhao was a poetess in Song Dynasty, and chrysanthemum became the object of expressing her feelings in her works. "Dongli put wine after dusk, and there is fragrance in the sleeve. Mo Tao is immortal, the curtain rolls west wind, and people are thinner than yellow flowers. " Express your inner feelings for your long-lost husband with the word "thin".

4. Symbol of noble quality

After chrysanthemums generally wither, the petals will not wither, nor will they fall off one by one like peach blossoms. So the poet said, "I can't bear to fall to the ground, I would rather die here."

Therefore, poets generally appreciate his cold-blooded character, such as Tang Juyi's "Singing Chrysanthemum";

One night, the new frost hit the tile lightly and the banana collapsed. Only the East Hedgehog Chrysanthemum is cold-resistant, and the golden millet is just dawn.

(Some are scattered by wind and rain. In Song Dynasty, there was a story about "Wang Su changed his poems", which was recorded in Feng Menglong's Negative Textbook. It is said that Su Dongpo once visited Wang Anshi in Xiangfu, just when Wang was away, and saw a poem about chrysanthemums on the case. He only wrote the first two sentences: "Last night, the west wind crossed the garden and yellow flowers were everywhere." . Su Dongpo smiled to himself. He thought that even if the chrysanthemum dried up, it would not lose its petals. According to the original rhyme, he continued to write two sentences: "Autumn flowers are not as good as spring flowers, saying that they should sing carefully with poets." After reading Su Dongpo's continued sentence, Wang Anshi felt that Su Dongpo's observation was not comprehensive enough. Later, the two disagreed, and Su Dongpo was demoted to Huangzhou. After Sue arrived in Huangzhou, it was a stormy day. Sue and her friends are enjoying chrysanthemums in the chrysanthemum garden. They saw the colorful scene of "arachis duranensis" with their own eyes. Only then did I realize that I had misjudged Wang Anshi, but I still didn't know much about it. )

Main images commonly seen in ancient poetry

1, trees:

Straightness of the tree: ups and downs of career and life.

Yellow leaves: the metabolism of dying mature beauty

Green leaves: vitality, hope and vitality

Bamboo: Honest and positive.

Liu: Farewell, nostalgia and sadness, the beauty of spring.

Folding willows: a farewell custom in Han Dynasty. After the implication, there is a meaning of farewell and nostalgia.

Willow: Sad Feelings

Willows pile up smoke: it can trigger the past, and is often used to express the feeling of ups and downs.

Red leaves: it is called the thing that conveys feelings, and later refers to poetry to convey feelings.

Pine and cypress: Strong and proud, with strong vitality.

2. Flowers and plants:

Flowers bloom: I hope youth is brilliant.

Flowers fall: frustration in life and career, nostalgia and nostalgia for beautiful things in spring.

Peach blossom: a symbol of beauty

Lan: Really?

Peony: Rich and beautiful.

Grass: exuberant vitality, endless hope, desolation and remoteness, and hatred of humble status and status.

Corn: the sadness of parting (the prosperity of the country is now, and the decline of the country is in the past)

Three friends (pine, bamboo and plum) and chrysanthemums symbolize people's noble character.

Compare the maturity of plum to a girl's desire for love, such as "looking back by the door, but smelling plum fragrance" (Li Qingzhao's "Dianjiang Lip").

Lilac refers to sadness or complexity, such as "I have been worried about seeing lilac knots since Nanpu Bie" (Tang Niuqiao's Gratitude)

3. Animals

Ape: Sad and mournful Du Fu's "Climbing high and looking far, the ape whimpers in the wind".

Hongge: Pursuing Ideal

Fish: Free.

Eagle: a strong and free life, the success of the fighting cause.

Dogs and chickens: the breath of life, rural life

(Thin) Horse: Pentium pursues drift

Crow: the villain is ordinary and the husband is sad.

Sha Ou: It's sad to leave.

Bird: a symbol of freedom.

Yuanyang refers to a loving couple, such as "why did I quit my job after I succeeded?" It is better to be a mandarin duck than a fairy "(Tang Lu's Ancient Meaning of Chang 'an).

4. Wind, frost, rain, snow and water clouds:

Sea: majestic and magnificent

Waves: the ups and downs of life

Turbulent waves: the danger of life and the treachery of rivers and lakes

River water: the passage of time, the short and long sadness of years. Historical development trend

Smoke: the hazy emotion, the dim future, the failure and disillusionment of the dim ideal.

Light rain: the hope of spring life is imperceptible.

Rainstorm: Cruel and enthusiastic political struggle swept away the power of evil forces and cleaned up the power of pollution.

Spring breeze: broad-minded, happy and full of hope.

Dongfeng: Spring is beautiful.

West wind: a lonely, melancholy, declining and wandering home.

Gail: The Power of Uprising to Destroy the Old World

Frost: Life is easy to get old, the social environment is bad, evil forces are rampant, and the road of life is bumpy.

Snow: the evil of pure and beautiful environment and the rampant evil forces

Lou: Life is short and fleeting.

Cloud: Wandering wanderers use floating clouds as a metaphor for wandering wanderers, such as "I want to think of you in the floating clouds, so I think of me in the sunset" (Li Bai's "Seeing Friends Off").

Yin Tian: Suppressing sadness and loneliness.

Sunshine: Happy and bright.

Golden wind: autumn wind

5. Objectives

Yu: revisit with dignity and exquisiteness.

Pearl: the flawless tassel (crown): formal fame

Inverted anvil: a woman's longing for her husband.

West Building and Small Building: in my heart forever's Love;

Silk and bamboo: music;

History: history;

Man: man;

Woman: woman;

Mulberry: hometown;

Xuanyuan: the motherland;

Three feet: law;

Inch tube: pen;

Jade bird: messenger

Ships: blue boat, sailing to Pakistan (often compared to a lonely boat), rolling (borrowing a big ship and fighting a ship).

In China's classical poems, there are many images to express the feeling of wandering, such as duckweed, flying fleabane and lonely goose, and "boat" is one of the most common images to express this feeling. A boat with a leaf, the sky is vast, and it is getting smaller and smaller than people; People who see many foreign scenery during their journey are more likely to cause infinite thinking. The image of "ship" in Du Fu's poems appears frequently and has a strong sense of wandering: a light wind ripples on the grass bank, passes through the night and blows to my motionless tall mast. The endless plains are dotted with drooping stars. The moon runs with the river. I hope my art can bring me fame and liberate my sick old age from the office! . Drifting is just a sandpiper in the vast world! .

I've been away for a night, and I've heard a lot about Dongting Lake, and now I'm on this tower. The vast lake tore Wu Chu apart, as if the sun, moon and stars were floating in the water. There is no news from my friends or relatives. I am old and sick, drifting in a boat. The battle of the north gate began again, and I cried through the railing.

Du Fu experienced a great change from prosperity to decline in the Tang Dynasty. In his later years, he wandered in Sichuan and Hunan 1 1 year, and finally died on a boat from Tanzhou to Yuezhou. The boat was the most commonly used means of transportation in his later years, and it also became his final destination. In his poems, he repeatedly wrote the image of "ship", "through the night, to my motionless tall mast" and "I am old, weak and sick, and I am alone in the boat". The ship is a symbol and portrayal of the poet's wandering life.

Su Shi wrote Linjiang Xian when he demoted Huangzhou because of Wutai poetry case;

I drank Dongpo in the evening and woke up drunk. It seemed like midnight when I came back. The child is short of breath. You shouldn't even knock on the door, but lean on your cane and listen to the sound of the river.

I have hated this body for a long time. When will I forget the camp? The night was calm and the lines were flat. Since then, this ship has passed away, and Jiang Hai spent the rest of his life.

Contrary to the sense of wandering, another typical connotation of the image of "ship" in China's classical poems is "freedom". The origin of this thought can be traced back to Zhuangzi, who said, "A clever woman can't cook without rice, and a clever woman can't cook without rice. Traveling with a full stomach is like a ship that is not tied, and it is also empty. " Although his thought is negative, for China literati, "a boat without fetters" has become an attractive life ideal:

Since the world can't satisfy our desire, I will loosen my hair and get on a fishing boat tomorrow. Li Bai's "Xuanzhou Xie Tiao Farewell Hospital Shu Yun".

Alone, grass grows by the stream, and orioles sing on the trees. The spring tide brought the rain late and urgent, and there was no boat on the wild crossing.

Wei's Xixi Chuzhou: Wei's poems describe beautiful scenery such as spring flowers, spring grass, spring trees, spring birds, spring tides and spring rains, and set off the central image of "crossing the wild without a boat" with a series of colorful scenery, which is not only a realistic description, but also a vivid expression of the poet's mentality.

6. Color category

White: Innocent.

Red: Passionate and unrestrained, the happy event of youth.

Green: hope, vitality and peace.

Blue: elegant and melancholy

Huang: Warm and peaceful.

Purple: noble and mysterious

Black: darkness, despair, solemnity, mystery, nostalgia for the dead, eventful autumn.

7. About people's quality and behavior.

Hero: Admire and admire, sigh with shame.

Villains: Despise Zhi Ming's introspection and flogging.

The past of the Six Dynasties, the dream of the past of the Southern Dynasties: representing the prosperous life of the past.

Strike: it means determined to serve the country and recover lost ground.

Emei: Beauty

Emei: a noble virtue

Qingqing Wei Zi: A talented person.

Poets often use the images of "mountain" and "palace" in their poems to express the contradiction and conflict between ideal and reality. The so-called "Palace Que", also known as "Wei Que", is synonymous with the imperial court and a symbol of the poet's being reused in power. The so-called "mountain forest" refers to the poet's image of seclusion in the mountains when his political ideal is shattered or frustrated and he has no way to serve the country.

Love red: a metaphor for people who are sad, miserable and displaced. The poem was written by envoys. They walked around and saw refugees flying in the wild like geese.

8. Location:

Monuments: nostalgia, ambition, rise and fall (country), decline, depression (monuments are generally closely related to the ancients)

Country: homesickness, vulgarity, rural scenery, pure, beautiful, comfortable and quiet life.

Grassland: the vast realm of life and the human mind.

City (street): prosperous, lively, rich and luxurious.

Wonderland: elegant, beautiful, clean, forgetful and vulgar.

Pinglan: I miss my old country, hometown and relatives.

Nanshan represents a secluded place, Taoyuan: an ideal paradise, and Wu Lingren represents a hermit.

Liu Ying: It refers to the barracks. Later, it was also called the disciplined military camp.

Heaven and Earth: HarmonyOS System, Yi Xi, Taiqing and Taixu.

Xiliuying: the place where Zhou Yafu stationed troops in Han Dynasty. Wang Wei's Hunting Watch "suddenly crossed Xinfeng City and went west to Liu Ying."

9. Other categories

Dog in white: also known as the dog in white clouds, it is a metaphor for impermanence. From Du Fu's poem "Alas": "The clouds in the sky are like white clothes. You should become like a pale dog. Throughout the ages, life has nothing to ask for. " Personnel changes are like floating clouds, like white clouds for a while, like dogs for a while.

Dawn: the first hope

Late at night: nostalgia

Snow: jadeite jade, broken jade, ice flower, six out;

Letter: Hongyan in Chiyu, Su Chi

National subjugation: backyard flowers.

Heaven and earth: the smallness of human life, the shortness of mind and the vastness of emotional loneliness.

Floating life: refers to a short and illusory life.

Chaoyang: the hope of vitality and vigor

Sunset: Lost and depressed, cherish beautiful and short life or things.

Noon: Passionate and unrestrained. Evil forces destroy society and people.

Wine: joy, pride, depression and sadness.

Moon: the perfection and deficiency of life, homesickness and homesickness

"Looking at the moon and thinking far away", "Sad for spring and sad for autumn", "Looking at the flowing water and missing youth, life is fleeting" and "The drizzle on the phoenix tree is sad and sad"

Another name for the moon: Moon, Pan Yu, Sewer, Chanjuan, Ghost Palace; Jade plate, jade wheel, Yuhuan, jade hook, jade bow, jade mirror, celestial mirror, jade rabbit, Chang 'e, toad.

Chinese plum

Plum blossoms bloom cold first, and then blossom fragrant. Therefore, plum blossoms, like chrysanthemums, are admired and praised by poets. "Plum Blossom" by Chen Liang, a poet in the Song Dynasty: "A flower changes suddenly first, and ten thousand flowers are fragrant later." The poet grasped the characteristic that plum blossoms are the first to bloom, and wrote the quality of being the first in the world and not afraid of setbacks. This is not only Yongmei, but also praising himself. Wang Anshi's plum blossom: "It's not snow when you know it from afar, because it has a delicate fragrance." The poem not only describes the reasons why plum blossoms are scattered by the wind, but also implicitly shows the purity and whiteness of plum blossoms, which has received the artistic effect of good fragrance and lewdness. Lu You's famous sentence "Yongmei": "Scattered into mud, crushed into dust, only fragrance remains." Plum blossom is used to describe a person's unfortunate experience of being destroyed and his noble sentiment of not wanting to go with the flow. "Mo Mei" by Wang Mian in Yuan Dynasty: "Don't boast of its lewdness, just leave the air fresh and dry." It is also the plum blossom that shows that it is unwilling to go with the flow, shallow and profound.

May: Aoxue is strong and unyielding in adversity.

loose

Pine trees are a model of fighting frost and snow, and naturally they are the object of praise. Li Bai's "Book for Huang Shang": "I hope you are loose, but be careful not to be peaches and plums." Wei always flatters powerful people, and Li Bai writes poems to persuade him to be an upright person. During the Three Kingdoms period, Serina Liu gave it to my brother: "If you don't suffer from cold, pine and cypress are sexual." The poet used this sentence to encourage his cousin to be as loyal as sending pines and cypresses, and to maintain noble quality under any circumstances.

lotus

Because "lotus" and "pity" are homonyms, there are many poems about lotus in ancient poetry to express love. For example, "Xizhou Qu" by Yuefu in the Southern Dynasties: "Lotus is picked in autumn in the Southern Tang Dynasty, and the lotus is over the head; Bow your head to get lotus seeds, which are as green as water. " "Lotus seed" means "Reiko Kobayakawa" and "green" means "clear". There are both real and imaginary here, which means pun. The rhetorical device of homophonic pun is used to express a woman's deep yearning for the man she loves and the purity of love. Thirty-five songs in Jin's "Forty-two Midnight Songs": "The fog reveals the lotus, but the lotus is unclear." The dew in the fog hides the true face of the lotus, but the lotus leaf is not very clear. This is also a way of homophonic pun, writing about a woman who vaguely feels that the man loves her.

Chinese parasol

Indus is a symbol of desolation, bitterness and sadness. . For example, Wang Changling's Poem of Long Letters in Autumn says, "The phoenix tree in Jinjing is yellow with autumn leaves, and the bead curtain does not frost at night. The smoked jade pillow has no color, and you can listen to the Nangong for a long time. " It is about a girl who is deprived of youth, freedom and happiness. In a desolate and lonely palace, she lay alone, listening to the palace leak. The first sentence of the poem begins with a phoenix tree with yellow leaves by the well, which sets off a bleak and cold atmosphere. Xu Zaisi, a poet in the Yuan Dynasty, wrote "Double Water Diversion and Rain Fairy at Night": "A sound of Ye Qiu, a little banana and a little sorrow, dreaming of the third night." Use buttonwood leaves to fall, rain to hit banana, and write down all your worries. Others, such as "One leaf makes a sound, and the empty steps drip to the light" (Tang Wen and Ting Yun's "More Leaky"), "The phoenix tree is raining even more until dusk" (Li Qingzhao's "Slow Voice") and so on.

crazy

In ancient mythology, Du Yu (Wang Di), the king of Shu, was forced to give way to his courtiers and live in seclusion in the mountains. After his death, his soul became a cuckoo. Therefore, the cuckoo in ancient poetry has become a symbol of desolation and sadness. Li Bai's "I heard that Wang Changling moved to the left, and Long Biaoyao had this letter": "Huayang fell to the ground and Wendao Longdu crossed five streams. I am worried about the bright moon, and I will follow the wind to Yelangxi. " The cuckoo is a kind of bird. The first sentence is the scene of the eyes, which conveys the feeling of parting and sadness in the bleak natural scenery. Three or four sentences express infinite nostalgia and deep sympathy for friends with the rich imagination of caring for the bright moon. He Zhu, a poet of the Song Dynasty, wrote "Remembering Qin E": "In the middle of the night, pear blossoms and snow just fell in the atrium; Pear blossoms are overwhelming, and azaleas cry blood. " In the middle of the night, the moonlight shines on the snow-white pear flowers in the courtyard, and the cuckoo is mourning, which makes people miss their loved ones more and makes their hearts ache. Poets express their deep homesickness by describing sad scenery. Others, such as "the lonely pavilion is cold in spring, the cuckoo sounds in the sunset" (Walking on the sand), "Zi Gui still cries blood in the middle of the night, but he can't call it back if he doesn't believe in the east wind" (Ling's "Sending Spring"), all express his sadness or homesickness with the cuckoo's wailing.

Chinese francolin

The image of partridge also has a specific connotation in ancient poetry. The song of partridge makes people sound like "I can't live without my brother", which is very easy to evoke the association of hard journey and full of parting. For example, "Autumn dusk is full of grass, and the partridges are far away" (Li Qunyu's "Jiuzipo Smells the partridges" in the Tang Dynasty), "Worrying about the river in the evening, the mountains are deep and the partridges smell" (Xin Qiji's "Bodhisattva Man, Writing a Wall in Jiangxi").