Historical origin of Hakka enclosed houses

The historical origin of Hakka enclosed houses;

From the Jin Dynasty to the Tang and Song Dynasties, due to war and famine, the Central Plains of the Yellow River Basin was forced to move south, and after five great migrations, it was exiled to the south.

Because the flat area has always been inhabited by local aborigines, these people who moved south had to move to mountainous or hilly areas. Because they left their homeland in the Central Plains, these * * * who moved south called themselves "guests" and intended to live in different places.

Therefore, there is a saying that "every mountain must have a guest, and no guest does not live in the mountain".

When local officials registered their household registration for these immigrants, they also established themselves as "Hakka" and called them "Hakka", which is the origin of Hakka appellation.

In order to prevent the invasion of foreign enemies and wild animals, most Hakkas live in groups, forming Dragon House, Walking Horse House, Wufeng House, Shiwei House and Four Corners House. Among them, Dragon House is the largest and most famous one in existence, and it is a concentrated expression of Hakka architectural culture.

Dragon House began in Tang and Song Dynasties and prevailed in Ming and Qing Dynasties.

Hakkas adopted the most advanced beam-lifting and bucket-piercing combination technology in traditional Han architecture in the Central Plains, and chose hilly or sloping land to build Longwei House, with the main structure of "one entrance, three halls, two compartments and one enclosure".

Most of them live in remote mountainous areas. In order to prevent the harassment of thieves and the rejection of local people, camp-style houses are built in two forms: one is brick structure.

2. Special adobe structure: lime is mixed into the soil, glutinous rice and egg white are used as thickeners, bamboo chips and wooden strips are used as bones and muscles, and adobe buildings are rammed, with wall thickness 1 m and height15m.

3. Granite lath structure (such as Longguangwei in Longnan, Jiangxi).

Ordinary pens cover an area of 8 mu, 10 mu, and large pens cover an area of more than 30 mu. It often takes five years, ten years or even longer to build a complete enclosure house.

Longwei is a huge fortress of Hakkas.

There are many bedrooms, kitchens, large and small halls and living facilities such as wells, pigsty, henhouse, toilet and warehouse. In the house, form a self-sufficient and happy social group.

Ganzhou, Jiangxi, Longyan, Meizhou, Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macao are the main areas where Hakkas live together.

Hakka wai houses, the traditional residence of Hakka people, are mainly distributed in eastern Guangdong, northern Guangdong, southern Jiangxi, Dongjiang River basin and Shenzhen, Hong Kong and other places around the Pearl River estuary. It is a precious historical and cultural heritage with rich connotations and colorful forms.

Hakka enclosed houses in Guangdong and Hong Kong can be roughly divided into 15 types, among which Longwei House, Castle Enclosed House and Quadrilateral Building have the most local characteristics.

Hakka enclosed houses: also known as enclosed houses, paddocks, dragon houses, Hakka enclosed houses, etc. , is a famous characteristic residential building in Hakka culture of Han nationality.

Wai House was built in Tang and Song Dynasties and flourished in Ming and Qing Dynasties.

Narrow sense refers to dragon-shaped enclosed houses, while broad sense refers to various Hakka enclosed houses or enclosed houses.

Broadly speaking, the shape of enclosure is basically divided into concentric circles, semicircles and squares. In addition, there are shapes such as front and back semicircles, gossip and ellipses.

Wai House is one of the five characteristic residential buildings in China, which combines the simple background of Han nationality with the regional cultural characteristics of southern mountainous areas.