Seedling raising in dry land [Analysis of misunderstandings and common problems of farmers' seedling raising in dry land]

Dry seedling raising technology has the effects of "three early days" (early sowing, early breeding and early maturity), "three provinces" (saving labor, water and fields) and "two highs" (high yield and high efficiency) in production and application, especially in the case of increasingly serious drought and increasing shortage of water resources, vigorously promoting dry seedling raising will play a decisive role in promoting rice production in our province. In recent years, we have found that farmers have some misunderstandings about dry seedling raising, and the effect is not good in the process of adoption, which hinders the popularization of this technology to some extent. Therefore, a comprehensive analysis and help farmers get out of the misunderstanding of dry seedling raising technology and effectively solve various problems in the application of technology will be conducive to popularizing dry seedling raising and promoting rice production in our province.

First, farmers' misunderstanding of raising seedlings in dry land.

1. Dry-raised seedlings are short, and it is impossible to raise seedlings in deep water in hilly areas, especially in irrigation areas. Due to the difficulty of pumping water, the cost is high. In addition, most of the first two seedlings are transplanted in large seedlings, and farmers generally only smoke 1 time when transplanting. In order to ensure the survival of seedlings, the amount of water pumped each time is large, and the paddy field is flooded deeply, generally above 10cm. However, dry seedling raising is generally shallow in water depth. Under the condition of conventional flooding depth, it is not only difficult to transplant (flooding is too deep and easy to float), but also the early growth is affected by deep flooding and low temperature, so many farmers give up dry seedling raising. The key to this misunderstanding is to change farmers' habit of "pumping so much water to ensure the survival of seedlings" and let them know that the drought resistance of dry seedling is much stronger than that of two-stage and water seedling, and pumping less shallow water can ensure the survival of seedlings.

2. It is troublesome to raise seedlings in soil and manage water. Most farmers think that rice can only grow normally in water. If you raise seedlings in soil, you must ensure that there is water in the soil at any time. This understanding often leads to two consequences: first, it is considered that watering must be done frequently, which is more troublesome than watering in the field and is not used at all; Second, even if it is used, it is worried that the seedlings will dry up and water frequently, which will lead to high humidity, low temperature, serious illness and even death of seedlings. For this misunderstanding, it is necessary to strengthen technical training, do a good job in demonstration fields, and let farmers know and feel that dry seedbeds do not need to be watered often.

3. I am worried that the seedlings will be killed by the sun without uncovering the film. Many farmers who raise seedlings in dry land for the first time often do not uncover the film to cool down on sunny days, resulting in high temperature seedling burning. Among them, some forgot to uncover the film, and some did not dare to uncover the film, fearing that the seedlings would die in direct sunlight after uncovering the film. Once the film is not uncovered, it will burn seedlings at high temperature, which will doubt and reject the technology itself and affect other farmers' understanding and adoption of the technology. For this kind of farmers, as long as they put their hands into the film to feel the high temperature and compare it with the temperature after the film is uncovered, they can relieve their worries that direct sunlight will kill the seedlings.

4. Prolonging the film mulching time will make the seedlings grow taller and better. In production, we also found that some farmers did not uncover the film when the seedlings grew to 4 or 5 leaves. This kind of seedling is longer and greener than the one uncovered earlier. Many farmers think it is a good seedling. In fact, due to long-term film mulching, this kind of seedling has insufficient light, high temperature and insufficient exercise. Although tall, but poor quality, poor resistance. The seedlings with short growth and dark green color are strong seedlings with good quality, strong adaptability and strong stress resistance.

5. "Drought nanny" makes the growth of seedlings worse. It has the functions of "acid regulation, disinfection, nutrition and chemical control" and plays a very important role in the normal growth of dry seedlings. Because it contains paclobutrazol, it controls the growth of seedlings. Although the seedlings are short, they are strong and tiller early. Seedlings without "dry milk" tend to grow white, and the seedlings are thin and tall, but the quality is poor and tillering is late. However, many farmers just think that the seedlings should grow taller, and the seedlings with "dry nurseries" are "unwilling to grow", so they dare not use "dry nurseries", resulting in poor seedling quality.

Second, the analysis of common problems in production

1. The most common and serious problems in production are the adjustment of phosphate fertilizer acid and improper application of bed bottom fertilizer, which cause fertilizer seedling death. According to the standard technical regulations, the seedbed should be adjusted for acid-base fertilizer more than 10 days in advance, and ploughing should be done for three times after fertilization to ensure that the fertilizer and bed soil are evenly mixed. In practice, because most farmers use temporary soil as their beds and sow in 1 ~ 2 days after applying basic fertilizer, due to the shortage of labor force, they rarely dig them evenly. Others did not apply immature farmyard manure and residual manure according to the technical requirements, which caused the fertilizer to crush the seedlings or hindered the seedlings from growing yellow. Judging from the law of fertilizer demand of seedlings, as long as topdressing is done in time after the third leaf, its growth needs can be fully guaranteed. Therefore, for those farmers who temporarily cultivate soil and have insufficient labor force, we adopt the method of "white water seedling raising", that is, the base fertilizer is not applied with any chemical fertilizer, and only a small amount of manure washing water is applied (but no manure residue is allowed), which is not only very safe, but also has no effect on the growth of seedlings.

2. Not enough attention is paid to the use of special materials for dry seedling raising such as kesong, dry nurses and herbicides. Disinfection of seedbed with dixon is a crucial link in dry seedling raising technology, and many farmers do not know enough about soil-borne diseases. In addition, they seldom use dixone, and they are unfamiliar with this pesticide, so it is difficult to buy it in the market. Therefore, soil disinfection is not carried out at all, which leads to serious diseases such as seedling blight and even seedling death, which leads to the fear of raising seedlings in dry land in the future. Similarly, I don't know enough about dry nanny and herbicide, and I don't want to invest in it, thinking that even if I don't use it, there will be no big problem. However, when weeds in the seedbed are difficult to control and have to be weeded manually or the seedlings turn yellow due to iron deficiency, it is considered that dry seedling raising is troublesome and the effect is poor.

Third, the countermeasures and suggestions to speed up the popularization of dry seedling raising

1. Change methods and strengthen technical training.

If farmers want to accept dry seedling raising, they must fully understand and master dry seedling raising technology, which requires strengthening publicity and training. As a large number of young people in rural areas go out to work, the aging of left-behind farmers is becoming increasingly serious. It is difficult for farmers to master new technologies only by holding training meetings and distributing technical materials. We should improve the ways and means, not only for farmers to see, but also for farmers to see, and hold more intuitive on-site training and multimedia training. At the same time, in view of the characteristics of farmers' "seeing is believing", in places where dry seedling raising technology has just been popularized, we should not concentrate on scale, but do a good job in the construction of decentralized demonstration sites to ensure technical norms and effects, and drive more farmers through decentralized demonstration sites. From our experience, it is far worse for a township to engage in dozens of acres of demonstration films than for every village to engage in 1 acre demonstration sites.

2. Innovate organizational forms and improve the comprehensive service level.

Scattered farmers make technical training, technical guidance and technical popularization difficult, ineffective and inefficient. Establishing and relying on associations or cooperatives to improve the degree of organization of farmers will greatly improve the popularization speed of dry seedling raising technology. From our promotion in Dongxi Town, jianyang city, we can see that the dry seedling raising technology has been popularized in the whole town within three years by adopting the model of "experts+associations+farmers". Because after the establishment of the association, farmers have changed from one person to a whole, making large-scale promotion possible. At the same time, the association can provide supporting agricultural materials such as dry nursery nanny, herbicide and Dixon, which not only facilitates farmers, but also ensures the use of supporting agricultural materials. Farmers' technicians of the association can also provide technical guidance to members throughout the process, avoid technical distortion, ensure technical effects and solve farmers' worries. Furthermore, by taking advantage of experts' technical advantages and expert effects, the attractiveness of the association and farmers' trust in the association are enhanced, and farmers' recognition and adoption of technology are further promoted.

(Tonglian: 64 1400, Agricultural Service Center, Dongxi Town, jianyang city, Sichuan)