What are the characteristics of costume patterns in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties?

Clothing patterns in the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties can be found in the literature, including big lamps, small lamps, Dabaoshan, Xiaobaoshan, Daming Guang, Xiaoming Guang, Big Xiaolong, Little Xiaolong, Putao, Banwenjin, Phoenix Brocade, Suzaku Brocade, Tao Wenjin and Hu Taojin (see "Nakano Ji"). From the names of these tapestries, we can know that some patterns are inherited from the tradition of the Eastern Han Dynasty, while others are the result of absorbing foreign cultures, such as Peacock Luo.

According to the patterns of textiles unearthed in various places during the Northern and Southern Dynasties and murals in Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes, the traditional patterns in the Eastern Han Dynasty are not as exquisite as the paintings and craftsmanship in the Eastern Han Dynasty, which means that the animal moire in the Eastern Han Dynasty has declined and become outdated, while the clothing patterns can be summarized into the following types:

1. China traditional mountain cloud animal patterns

This pattern prevailed in the Eastern Han Dynasty, dividing the flowing and varied mountains and rivers into vigorous and lifelike animals, and embedding auspicious characters in the space. For example, 1995, among a batch of clothes unearthed from the Niya site in Minfeng, Xinjiang, there is a brocade bra engraved with "Five Stars Go East, Benefit China", which keeps the traditional style of the Han Dynasty and is very precious.

2. Form a geometric skeleton with round, square, diamond and symmetrical wavy lines, and fill the geometric skeleton with animal patterns or mosaic patterns.

Although this pattern existed in the Han Dynasty, it did not become the most important decorative form. Moreover, the animal patterns filled in the Han Dynasty are vivid, while those filled in the Southern and Northern Dynasties are mostly symmetrically arranged, with little movement and mostly decorative postures. Most of the mosaic patterns filled in the Han Dynasty are radial symmetry, while those filled in the Southern and Northern Dynasties are foreign decorative themes such as gold and silver patterns.

3. Sacred tree texture

It is to simplify the tree into a shape close to the leaf face, which has the characteristics of decorative patterns in ancient Arab countries. Later, after the establishment of Islam in the early 7th century, the holy tree became a symbol of God's sacred character.

4. Tianwang Biochemical Tattoo

The design consists of lotus flowers, broken Buddha statues and the words "Heavenly King". Buddhism says that there are four heavenly kings at the bottom of the six desires. If mortals can practice diligently, they can become buddhas after death.

5. Small geometric patterns, honeysuckle patterns and small flower patterns

Small and medium-sized geometric patterns combined with circles and dots, as well as honeysuckle patterns, are very suitable for daily use and have a far-reaching impact on later clothing patterns. Formally, it is also unprecedented in Qin and Han Dynasties. Its popularity should be related to the influence of Khufu in the Western Regions.