What machines and processes are needed to make membership cards, etc. .

There are single card printing machines that work on the same principle as a regular printing machine. You need to buy PVC sheet and ink, etc.. Simple membership card printing, barcode can be. But the cost of card making is higher. It's also not good for processes such as raised lettering and magnetic stripes.

General membership cards are factory-made out of the need for these:

Offset printing machine (the company's core ah, if it is a small-cost enterprises, a small number of card production can use the printer, mass production or the need for offset printing machine)

Laminating machine

Punching machine (electric, and manual)

Punching the embossed code machine

Hot stamping