Knowledge of traditional Chinese architecture?

Can be answered from several perspectives, such as architectural style; China's architectural forms have formed their own unique styles, such as the rather ornate temperament of the northern courtyard, spacious Miao footstools, the beautiful Dai bamboo buildings and kilns on the Loess Plateau. These buildings are produced in China in this soil, the development of this soil.

One, the exploration of Chinese architectural national style

(I) Ancient China's architectural culture

China's ancient times is the pride of every Chinese, both economically and politically, China is the world's ancient history of a brilliant chapter. On the ancient Chinese architecture, due to a variety of natural and unnatural influences, China's various regions have formed a distinctive architectural style, and due to the slow development of the ancient society and the transportation of the closed, so that the characteristics of these localities can be maintained for a long time, such as the still can be seen in the south of the humid mountainous area of the overhead bamboo building "dry appendage ", the northern nomadic felt pack houses, Xinjiang's AYWANG, the upper reaches of the Yellow River kiln caves and the northeast and southwest of the large forests in the "well-dry" building and so on. Generally speaking, however, China's architectural model can be divided into two categories, one is the official building under the control of the *** officials, and the other is the folk building built by the local community. One of the official architecture because of its builders powerful political rights as a backing, so it reflects the highest level of construction and technology in different periods, while the folk architecture is known for its unique sense of purity and beauty of the Chung Ling Yuxiu. Therefore, we might as well say that the official building for the building of the big girl, and folk architecture is certainly the building of the little girl.

(2) Architectural Culture in Modern China

Modern Chinese architecture was born with the invasion of foreign countries, the emergence of new functions, new materials and new technologies, and due to the lack of a normal process of fusion and convergence with the old forms, the traditional styles and forms have encountered sharp challenges. However, the tenacious national aesthetic concept is always hitting people's heart. Compared with the foreign architecture, the concept of "national form" was born out of the love for thousands of years of traditional culture. Despite the twists and turns and failures on the road of exploring national forms, the development of architectural function and technology has not been jeopardized. In the process of playing the social function of architectural image, it has added a lot of color and many valuable contents. As a result, there is a wave after wave to create a new national style form of the climax, showing that the Chinese architectural national form style has a strong vitality and aesthetic roots [1].

1. Early pursuit of national forms

Before the 1920s, it was a period of unconscious groping for new functional architectural national forms. The main modes of creation are "new function, old form", "Western-style facade, Chinese-style decoration", "Chinese-style church building". Shanghai Pudong Church, St. John's College is a representative.

2. Prosperous Period of National Form Creation Figure 1

In 1920-1930, a group of foreign students with high cultural cultivation devoted themselves to embodying the national form in the new buildings and created a number of high-level works. The "Capital (Nanjing) Program" strongly advocated and supported the national forms, the China Construction Association gave strong academic impetus to the creation of national forms, and foreign architects and church moderators, who once monopolized the architectural market, also paid attention to the use of Chinese national forms in modern architecture. This period saw the emergence of modern buildings characterized by vintage, classical and eclectic styles. Nanjing Central Museum, Guangzhou Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hall, Wuhan University (Figure 1) is a typical representative.

3. "Xingya" style in the form of national styles

In the late 1930s, the Japanese-occupied areas of Manchukuo "Xingya", "Imperial style" buildings also adopted Chinese architectural styles. Changchun still has some of these buildings.

4. New Exploration of National Forms after the Founding of the People's Republic of China

In the early 1950s, there was a new development of national forms of architecture, and at that time the so-called "Retroism" learning from the Soviet Union's policy of creativity, the "national style" of political coloring was particularly emphasized. The "national style" with political color was especially emphasized. The scale of most of the "classical" buildings became larger than that of the 1920s and 1930s, and they were built in clusters with a more prominent image. We can call this the late classical period. Figure 2

A number of large-scale monumental buildings of high quality, such as the National Day Project in 1959, appeared in response to the historical conditions of the time, especially the influence of the Soviet Union (Figure 2). Than the previous eclectic, classical style have new ideas, a breakthrough. The general public is embraced and appreciated. Called neo-classicism is still relatively pleasant to listen to, there is nothing wrong with it.

In the 1960s, Guangzhou, a number of Lingnan gardens with the characteristics of the building of certain aspects of the national form of greater progress, in the country has had a significant impact.

In the 1980s, the idea of "correcting and reorganizing" brought new attention to the antique and vernacular style of national form architecture. In order to revitalize the enthusiasm of the Chinese nation, people with local style buildings, Chinese gardens and other ethnic flavors of commercial and tourism buildings, happy to accept. "Ancient styleism" for the restoration of scenic spots in the famous landscape architecture performance is very prominent, mostly recognized by the masses. Unfortunately, since then, due to the social ideology of impatience, as well as China's architectural theory of weakness and lagging behind, high-quality, high-level architecture is not a lot.

The neo-vernacular architecture that appeared before the 1990s was used in mountain hotels and mountain villas with great success. The Dunhuang Terminal Building in the style of Hexi Tubao-style houses is also very good. Later the real estate industry is red, around the relatively strong "European style" mansions, but also appeared a lot of excellent "residential" style residential area and its attached classical courtyard works.

From today forward 20 years, there is also a national style of local modernist architecture deserves attention. These buildings are mostly found in China's minority regions. Xinjiang Welcome Hotel, Lhasa Hotel, Xishuangbanna Gymnasium, Xinjiang Great Hall of the People and so on. Perhaps it is the fact that these places have retained relatively more ethnic characteristics that has given birth to these many excellent works.