Suggestions on the protection of urban and rural history

1. How to protect and develop the history and culture of a city? A city without humanistic spirit certainly has no soul of its own.

Towards a modern metropolis, cities need prosperous industry and commerce, and also need the nourishment of humanistic spirit. Respecting tradition and patiently interpreting historical blocks and buildings bearing tradition and urban memory are important paths for us to explore humanistic spirit.

As a developing tourist city, the ancient culture left over from history can be used as an important support for economic growth, and it is also a valuable heritage for shaping a city with high-quality living standards and high-grade cultural connotations. Protecting, developing and making good use of historical and cultural heritage culture can improve the cultural taste and spiritual connotation of our city, provide a broad space for the future tourism of our ancient cultural blocks, and finally form a benign interaction between tourism income and feedback protection.

If the existing historical and cultural heritage is not protected, after several years, people will not know what Liaocheng is like, what are the different characteristics and personalities compared with other cities, and what cultural heritage to be proud of. Only by doing our best to protect historical and cultural relics can the historical life of the old city be continued and sublimated and the development level of modern cities be greatly improved.

2. What are the legal suggestions for the protection of cultural relics? 1. Carry out the spirit of the Notice on Further Improving the Five Incorporations of Cultural Relics Protection, and realize the integration of cultural relics protection into economic and social development planning, urban and rural construction planning, financial budget, system reform and leadership responsibility system at all levels. By adjusting and perfecting the management mechanism of cultural relics protection, a multi-channel and multi-level management system will be established. Strengthen the macro-management function and social consciousness of cultural relics protection, and improve the overall level of cultural relics work in the city. Incorporate the protection of historical and cultural heritage into the leadership responsibility system at the county and district levels for assessment, and implement the establishment of posts and personnel in cultural protection institutions in various districts. Strengthen the construction of professional teams and introduce professionals in cultural relics protection management and basic research according to local conditions. The county finance has established a special fund for cultural relics protection, which has increased steadily year by year.

2. Establish a guarantee and incentive mechanism for public participation. We will improve the mechanism for society to participate extensively in the protection of historical and cultural heritage and encourage all sectors of society to participate extensively in the protection of heritage. Continue to strengthen the work of grass-roots cultural relics protection organizations, further improve the cultural relics protection management network, pay attention to the role of grass-roots amateur cultural relics protection organizations with streets and communities as the framework, and form a benign operating mechanism in which management organizations at all levels perform their duties, shoulder their responsibilities, coordinate with each other and cooperate closely. Strengthen the construction of amateur cultural relics protection correspondents, gradually improve the "Organization and Management System of Cultural Relics Protection at the Grass-roots Level in Hangzhou", allocate certain special funds, establish an economic incentive system of "rewarding but not allocating" for amateur cultural workers and those who have contributed to historical and cultural protection, establish a cultural relics protection network in cities, districts and streets (towns), and study and summarize its operating rules in time.

3, make full use of the strength of the whole society, take effective measures to implement the principle of "who uses it, who is responsible" according to law, so that the signing of the "responsibility book for the use and protection" of cultural relics protection units and sites is all in place. Strengthen the protection consciousness of users of cultural relics, solve the problems existing in the current historical and cultural protection, such as insufficient public participation, insufficient depth of participation, low institutionalization and stability of participation, and establish a new system of cultural relics protection with national protection as the mainstay and the participation of the whole society.

4. Set up a semi-official and non-governmental protection group and a special advisory body-Hangzhou Historical and Cultural City Protection Expert Committee to conduct research, consultation, supervision and technical guidance on the evaluation, protection, maintenance and utilization of cultural relics, historical and cultural blocks and historical buildings, and give certain legal rights as a safety barrier to protect historical and cultural cities and their environment.

5. After research, the financial system of cultural relics protection management should be reformed. Municipal fiscal policies should be inclined to counties and cities (districts) with rich cultural relics resources and underdeveloped economy, and increase support for cultural relics protection in various counties and cities. The funds for cultural relics protection should be mainly used for basic work, the protection of historical and cultural blocks and the protection of cultural relics in counties and cities, so as to solve the imbalance of historical and cultural heritage protection in various regions and promote the comprehensive, balanced and sustainable development of cultural relics protection in the city.

6. Cooperate with capital construction, especially key projects, actively carry out rescue archaeological excavations, and investigate in advance the lots involved in urban construction and key underground cultural relics protection areas such as Mid-levels and Liuli, so as to provide a basis for urban construction decision-making.

Third, why should we protect historical buildings in Ma Xiangming Recently, two buildings of the Republic of China with great historical value, Jinling Terrace and Miaogaotai, were demolished by developers in the middle of the night. This shocking event leads to a heavy topic: the protection of historical buildings.

Historical buildings are not cultural relics, but they are part of the broad sense of urban historical and cultural heritage. According to the definition of "Regulations on the Protection of Famous Historical and Cultural Cities, Towns and Villages", it refers to "buildings and structures that have been confirmed and announced by the people of cities and counties, have certain protection value, can reflect historical features and local characteristics, and have not been announced as cultural relics protection units or registered as immovable cultural relics".

As we all know, cultural relics are protected by law and cannot be demolished. Today, no developer is stupid enough to tear down cultural relics. But why protect historical buildings that are not cultural relics? There are two reasons for this. First, in recent years, with the promotion of old city reconstruction, large-scale demolition and construction of old cities in many places have led to the loss of urban history with demolition, and more and more new buildings have been built, but cities have become more and more isolated and similar. Therefore, people call for the protection of blocks and buildings that reflect the history of the city. Secondly, from the perspective of cultural relics protection, in order to achieve the goal of "comprehensively preserving and continuing the true historical information and value of cultural relics", it is necessary to "protect the cultural relics themselves and their related historical humanities and natural environment." Generally speaking, it is to protect cultural relics, which must be protected together with its surrounding environment. Otherwise, if only the cultural relics themselves are protected without protecting the environment where they exist, the value and significance of cultural relics units will be greatly reduced. Some cases in recent years are far away, such as the transformation of Sanying Pagoda Square in Nanxiong City, a province. Although Sanying Tower, as a national cultural relic, has not been destroyed, after the original residential buildings around it were demolished to build squares and multi-storey buildings, Sanying Tower stood in the middle like a bonsai, losing its artistic conception and significance. In view of this situation, the state promulgated and implemented the Regulations on the Protection of Famous Historical and Cultural Cities, Towns and Villages in 2008, requiring local governments to identify and protect historical buildings. It is also stipulated that only when historical buildings are concentrated in pieces can they be declared as famous cities, towns and villages, and the land for historical buildings and cultural relics in historical and cultural blocks should reach more than 60% of the total land area of buildings.

Historical buildings are not cultural relics, so their protection requirements are not as comprehensive as cultural relics. The protection of cultural relics should be based on the principle of "not changing the original state of cultural relics" and preserve the existing physical state of cultural relics and the historical information they carry. Therefore, the use of cultural relics can not be changed, nor can it be destroyed or rebuilt. However, the protection of historical buildings should not dismantle its meaningful parts first, and the maintenance and improvement should keep the original appearance and style unchanged, but it can be more flexible in use function. For example, it is allowed to rebuild facilities and even change the internal structure in historical buildings.

Historical buildings need to be identified through certain procedures, which are usually put forward by the municipal administrative department of urban and rural planning according to the general survey; Urban and rural planning administrative departments organize experts in planning, culture (cultural relics), real estate, architecture, history and archives. , and put forward evaluation opinions according to the identification standards of historical buildings; The municipal administrative department of urban and rural planning shall, according to the expert evaluation opinions, draw up a list of suggestions for historical buildings; The proposed list of historical buildings shall be published after examination and approval by the Municipal Committee of Historical and Cultural Cities.

These two buildings in Guangzhou were built in the 1940s, and the Miao Gaotai is the former residence of Xue Juexian, a master of Cantonese opera. According to the report to the municipal government, * * * organized an expert survey in May last year. Experts suggested that Miaogaotai 1 No.3, Jinling Terrace No.2 and No.4 and Shishu Road No.69 should be preserved as historical buildings, so the demolition was stopped and the relevant departments issued a slow demolition order. However, the list of historical buildings in Guangzhou has not yet been published. In this gap, such a sad thing happened.

(The author is the chief engineer of the Provincial Urban and Rural Planning and Design Institute)

Fourth, give two reasonable suggestions on the protection of cultural relics in China. Foshan has a long history, more than 1300 years ago, and is rich in historical and cultural resources. It is a national historical and cultural city, leaving many historical sites and settlement sites with historical commemorative significance and humanistic and artistic value.

There are 4 national key cultural relics protection units, 27 provincial cultural relics protection units, 150 municipal (county) cultural relics protection units, 6 state-owned museums, museums on ceramics, gardens, martial arts and folk art, celebrity memorial halls 14, and private museums 1. No matter from the number of cultural relics protection units, or from the types and quality of various cultural relics, Foshan can be called a famous cultural relic city in Guangdong.

Moreover, Foshan is the birthplace of Cantonese opera and the famous hometown of ceramics, martial arts and folk art. These rich cultural and historical resources are not only valuable cultural wealth in Foshan, but also a solid foundation and potential advantage for the development of modern culture in Foshan.

Over the past 20 years of reform and opening up, Foshan has made remarkable achievements in the construction of famous historical and cultural cities, the protection of cultural relics and the development of cultural tourism. While strengthening protection, it has initially revitalized historical and cultural resources and transformed a considerable part of resource advantages into industrial advantages. In 2002, Foshan's total tourism revenue was 73.31billion yuan, earning 2 1 1 billion dollars, accounting for more than 6% of the city's GDP. Cultural tourism has become a new economic growth point in Foshan.

However, from the perspective of development, the protection and development of Foshan's historical and cultural resources still need to be improved. Problems such as lack of planning, scattered resources, lack of brands and insufficient packaging and publicity still exist, and the relationship between development and protection, industry and career has not been completely straightened out. Therefore, we must coordinate the relationship between historical and cultural protection and tourism development, closely combine them, take the road of "protection, development and better protection", make great efforts to grasp planning, integration, brand and innovation, and make Foshan's urban cultural image and comprehensive competitiveness bigger and stronger while maintaining the style of a famous historical and cultural city and deepening the traditional cultural heritage.

First, overall protection and comprehensive development. For historical and cultural cities, the protection and development should adhere to the principles of integrity and comprehensiveness.

The first article of "International Protection and Restoration of Historic Sites * * *" points out: "The concept of historical sites includes not only a single building, but also the urban or rural environment from which unique civilization, meaningful development or historical events can be found." A famous historical city is an organic whole, including the traditional features and original pattern of the city and its ancient blocks, not just a few isolated historical sites.

The protection and development of cultural relics in Foshan should change the past mode of local protection and decentralized development, and incorporate the protection and development of famous cities into the overall construction plan of modern cities, with unified management and rational layout. The landscape environment around the scenic spots should be coordinated with it, and the original historical appearance should be restored as much as possible, and efforts should be made to build a protection and development system that combines "points" (cultural relics), "lines" (ancient streets, ancient buildings, old landscape environment) and "faces" (historical and cultural blocks and ancient villages in ancient towns), so that the architectural style, landscape features and functional settings in the protected areas are consistent with cultural relics.

At present, Foshan has demarcated the historical and cultural block of ancestral temple, covering an area of 310.5 million square meters, and is attracting private capital and foreign capital to participate in the operation, trying to build a cultural and commercial scenic spot integrating tourism and shopping on the basis of restoring the style of the old city of Foshan. In the future, according to the distribution characteristics of cultural relics and historical sites and the requirements of urban and rural planning, a number of historical and cultural protection areas will be developed and built to form a cultural highlight of a famous city with large scale, distinctive features and effective results.

Second, integrate resources and build a brand. Generally speaking, there are many cultural relics and historic sites in Foshan, but many of them are scattered, and the resources are scattered, so it is difficult to form scale effect. Moreover, the lack of tourism cultural brands with distinctive themes, great influence and good benefits is not conducive to making the tourism industry bigger and stronger.

Therefore, it is imperative to integrate and process scattered historical and cultural resources through appropriate market mechanisms and administrative means to maximize the overall efficiency of resources. We should take historical resources as the link, dig and refine cultural themes as the breakthrough point, integrate cultural resources with strong themes and obvious local characteristics in series, and create a number of tourist routes with ceramic culture, Cantonese opera culture, Buddhist culture, garden culture and martial arts culture as the themes, so as to enrich the connotation of tourism culture, upgrade the quality of tourism products, strengthen packaging and promotion, and build Foshan cultural tourism brand.

Third, the combination of wind and things, highlighting the characteristics. Foshan not only has many cultural relics, but also retains rich and colorful folk customs, traditional skills and folk arts. From heather, gone with the wind, Cantonese opera and martial arts to pottery, sculpture, plastic binding, wide embroidery and paper-cutting, both folk festivals and handicrafts are very ornamental.

Compared with static material relics, folk customs and skills are dynamic and vivid traditional cultural resources. The organic combination of the two can not only better maintain the unique charm of a famous historical and cultural city, but also enliven the tourism form and enrich the tourism content. Therefore, we can combine visiting scenic spots and historical sites with appreciating folk customs, and combine visiting cultural sites with appreciating folk crafts to develop unique cultural tourism projects, such as "autumn fragrance", "ancient kiln-pottery", "martial arts school-martial arts" and "ancestral hall Wanfutai-Cantonese opera performance".

On the one hand, it can protect and continue soft traditional cultural resources such as folk customs, traditional skills and folk arts, on the other hand, it can attract tourists and open up business opportunities, and finally achieve a win-win situation for cultural protection and industrial development. The protection and development of famous historical and cultural cities is a complex systematic project, involving a wide range, demanding and difficult.

In this regard, Foshan has made a lot of achievements and accumulated a lot of experience. In the new century and new stage, we should further emancipate our minds, renew our concepts, innovate mechanisms, closely combine the protection of historical culture with the development of tourism, unswervingly take the road of "protection, development and better protection", and make rich historical and cultural resources make new contributions to the construction of Foshan as a famous cultural city.

Shaping Culture Foshan Building a Strong Cultural City Foshan is a famous historical and cultural city in China, and it was one of the "Big Four" in Ming and Qing Dynasties.

5. The historical process of protecting foreign ancient buildings with cultural and historical characteristics or special commemorative significance in the process of urban and rural planning reform at home and abroad. Even the telephone poles in Britain protect a city with a soul, and that is its past. Editor's Note of Zhang Zhinian, a special correspondent of our newspaper in Britain: With the modern skyscrapers and residential quarters blooming everywhere in China, how to protect ancient buildings has attracted more and more attention.

How to rebuild the old city? How to develop the tourism of the ancient city reasonably? How do other countries protect ancient buildings? The reporter conducted interviews around these issues. Britain has also taken a detour to protect ancient buildings. In terms of land area, Britain is a small country, but it is also a country with rich historical heritage and ancient architectural resources.

It is not easy to coordinate urban development with the protection of ancient buildings. In this regard, Britain has also learned many lessons.

Bejery, director of Georgia Group, a famous British ancient building protection organization, said that the protection of ancient buildings in Britain was not satisfactory during the 150 years before World War II. The destruction of ancient buildings in Liverpool is particularly serious, and large-scale construction has caused disastrous damage to ancient buildings there.

Many ancient buildings in other parts of Britain have not been spared. In the 20th century, 1/6 country houses suffered bad luck.

The two books that Bejery showed reporters, The Destruction of Country Houses in England and The Disappearing Mansion, were published in 1970s and 2002 respectively, which recorded the pictures and historical materials of the demolished ancient buildings in England. While condemning the demolition of ancient buildings, these two books strongly appeal to the whole society to pay attention to the protection of ancient buildings, and stop and stop the demolition of rural Gu Lou, luxury houses and palace-style buildings.

Some people say that British cities are different from American cities. American cities generally have only one center, and the others are suburbs. British cities such as London can be said to be polycentric cities, with 33 districts having their own centers, pedestrian streets and business districts. It is also said that London is a city composed of theaters, restaurants and cafes, which embodies the historical precipitation of different nationalities, cultures and styles.

Bejeri said that a city should have a soul, which is its past and history, and old buildings are evidence of a period of history. 19 In the 1920s, British cities also experienced large-scale expansion. At that time, the protection of ancient buildings did not attract enough attention, so he understood that China was facing the pressure of demolishing old houses in the process of rapid economic development.

British people like to live and work in ancient buildings. In recent decades, Britain has strengthened the protection of ancient buildings. 1984, an organization named "British Heritage" was established in Britain, which was responsible for the systematic investigation, registration and protection of ancient buildings throughout the country, and at the same time, relevant laws were formulated, which made the protection of ancient buildings in Britain on the legal track.

At present, there are about 500,000 ancient buildings and historical sites under state protection, ranging from imperial palaces, castles and churches to straw houses, memorial archways, telephone booths and even telephone poles. The list of protected buildings is still increasing. Anyone who has a unique building, whether it is a profound historical background, unique architectural ingenuity, lifelike stone carvings, exquisite decorations by carpenters, or old anecdotes of famous paintings, can apply for "British heritage" as a reason.

Buildings listed in the protection list are divided into three grades according to their value. Buildings under first-class protection only account for about 4% of the total, about 20 thousand.

Bejeri said that if anyone wants to demolish a building on the protection list or change its internal structure, the local authorities will ask the Georgia Group for advice. The group meets once a month to consider applications for the reconstruction of ancient buildings.

He said that at present, few people ask for demolition, and many apply for expansion, including changing the use of the building, such as dividing the original building into complete sets of public houses or changing it into office buildings. Bejeri said that after the destruction of19th century and the first half of 20th century, British people prefer to live and work in ancient buildings, and cherish exquisite, simple and elegant historical buildings.

The British said that we should not destroy the ancient buildings as historical witnesses. If we want to develop, please go elsewhere Nowadays, almost all the old towns in London are old houses, which look the same and even give people a shabby feeling.

However, some people praise that when cement forests are built in modern metropolises, London has a unique charm and has become a rare museum full of artistic treasures. Conservation of Ancient Buildings: The British Society for Conservation of Ancient Buildings (SPAB), founded in 1877, has a history of 127, and is a volunteer organization.

Fan Ning, secretary general of the Association, told reporters that Britain made many mistakes in the protection of ancient buildings in the past. Although the reason is justified, that is, to improve people's living standards, it is still shocking when familiar things suddenly disappear. To this end, Britain has set up 5,000 protected areas in England and Wales, which not only protect the ancient buildings themselves, but also protect the surrounding environment.

If an ancient building is surrounded by tall buildings and expressway, it will lose its charm. Fan Ning said that there is another principle to protect ancient buildings in Britain, that is, * * can't demolish private houses, and it should be compensated according to the market price.

If rejected, * * * can appeal. If there is a big dispute, a public hearing will be held to listen to the opinions of all parties, experts and all sectors of society.

The expansion project of London Heathrow Airport has caused widespread controversy. As a result, an independent investigator held a hearing for five years and finally solved the contradiction between personal interests and social welfare. It is amazing that the British have spared no expense to protect ancient buildings.

There is a museum of modern art in Newcastle, northeast England, which was converted from a flour mill. Just to keep the wall of the flour mill and the huge words "Polo Flour Mill" on it, the British actually spent 75 million pounds, while it took only 35 million pounds to tear it down and rebuild it.

This is nostalgia, but also to commemorate the historical contribution of the factory to the local economy in the era of industrial revolution. Such examples abound in Britain, which may reflect the values of protecting ancient buildings in Britain.

As william morris, the founder of the British Society for the Protection of Ancient Buildings, said, "These buildings have never only belonged to ourselves, they once belonged to our ancestors and will also belong to me.