The four basic skills of traditional Chinese painters are ( )

Overview of the development of Chinese painting and calligraphy

China is an ancient civilization with a long history, in the vast 9.6 million square kilometers of land, more than 2 million years of Daxi people have been solidly in the Chinese history of the pace. For millions of years, our ancestors in this beautiful and rich land of China, hard work, hard work, going forward and backward, creating a glorious and splendid history and culture. Nowadays, anthropology and archaeology have proved with rich results that Chinese civilization can no longer be summed up by the phrase "5,000 years of history". Chinese civilization is much longer than 5,000 years. China's earliest known pottery, was born in Hebei, Henan, Jiangxi more than 8,000 years ago in many primitive cultures. On behalf of human culture called the advanced form of writing, painting, sculpture and other arts, there are more and more archaeological data and research irrefutable proof, as early as six thousand years ago in the Yangshao culture, as well as a large number of early rock paintings that have been born, more than 4,000 years ago in the Longshan culture has been developed more than 3,000 years ago in the Shang Dynasty has matured.

So, the development of painting and calligraphy in China will be generalized, the history of Chinese painting and calligraphy, must be from more than six thousand years ago. The long river of history, long origin, our country throughout the ages in a vast sea of cultural texts, about the history of painting and calligraphy literature, carloads of bucket volume, it is difficult to count, only now readers are more likely to see modern scholars written by the history of Chinese calligraphy, the history of painting in China and other writings, but also numerous, and most of them hundreds of thousands of millions of words, "the big one! "

The history of Chinese calligraphy and Chinese painting by modern scholars is also numerous.

As mentioned earlier, Chinese writing was created six thousand years ago. At that time, the Yangshao culture people have been in the pottery engraved text, is the "book". Both the text engraving, there has been a certain "point across the stroke" of the fortunate method of the art of staccato, is the "law". The art of calligraphy was born. All kinds of pottery culture of exquisite paintings, many rock paintings, has used the artistic point of view, recounting the production of our ancestors, life, thought, emotion, painting has tended to mature. When we talk about the history of Chinese painting and calligraphy, we should start from here. But this way, first, the time span is too long, even if slightly and slightly under the speech, but also difficult to stop, not to be allowed. Secondly, these data historical facts, we need to identify the painted pottery paintings, petroglyphs rare to enter the ordinary readers home and cultural relics market.

In order to facilitate the narrative, books and paintings are introduced separately. First speak calligraphy. China's text development to the Shang Dynasty, represented by the oracle bones, that has been quite mature, fully equipped with the Chinese character form, sound, meaning of the elements, tortoise shells and animal bones on the small robust text, is the calligraphy works. A large number of intellectuals engaged in sorcery and divination - Zhenren, was then the calligrapher, and many have left their names. During the last week, the slavery economy and culture in China developed unprecedentedly, and the writing and calligraphy also entered a new stage, the most important of which was the writing engraved and cast on bronze, the so-called "Jinwen", in the style of the Big Seal Script, which was ancient, strong and majestic. This style of writing is still favored by calligraphy enthusiasts, and many calligraphers still try their best to learn from it, which is also interesting. During the Qin and Han Dynasties, the formation of the Small Seal Script and the Official Script was the most important. The Small Seal Script is said to have been created by Li Si, the prime minister of the Qin Dynasty. In fact, it was created by the Qin Dynasty in order to unify the script and achieve the goal of "writing in the same language", and to modify the Big Seal Script, which had been popular in various countries since the Shang Dynasty and the Zhou Dynasty, by removing the different styles of the Big Seal Script. The Small Seal Script is simpler than the Big Seal Script, and the calligraphic style is still strong and majestic. According to legend, the calligraphers who wrote the Small Seal Script include Li Si, Zhao Gao and so on. Clerical Script also originated in the Qin Dynasty, and is said to have been created by Cheng Miao, a jailer, who also added, subtracted and modified the Big Seal Script to make it easier for people to learn and write quickly. Clerical Script is a neat and tidy script, with distinctive strokes, steady and quiet, and many calligraphers have been practicing Clerical Script through the ages, which is an important category in the art of Calligraphy. The Han Dynasty there is a "dissolution of the scribal style" grass into the font, that is, the Han Dynasty ancient grass (cursive initials, also known as Zhang Cao), but far less important than the Small Seal Script.

To later, the writing of this matter, not only as a tool for writing, but as an art of study, for years and years, and rise to the philosophical discussion, there are a large number of words written to come to the spirit of the times and personal character, but also with the form of the artistic quality of the spirit, which can be called the "Calligraphy" works. The contemporary Wei and Jin dynasties. Therefore, some people say that the crisis of the North and South Dynasties is the first mature period of the art of calligraphy in China, and some people even say that it is the "heyday" of the art of calligraphy in China. The significant characteristics of the art of calligraphy in this period, one is that the style of calligraphy has changed a lot, gradually from the seal script, official script, Zhangcao out of the formation of the real script, running script, today's cursive script. In this period of development of the art of Chinese calligraphy, the five styles of calligraphy, namely, Zhen, Cursive, Seal Script, Official Script, and Running Script, were all in place. The masters of calligraphy of the following times were all playing on these five styles of calligraphy. Characteristic of the second is this period, produced a large number of book art superb, its calligraphy works for thousands of years has been a model for students of calligraphy model of the great calligraphers, such as the Three Kingdoms period ZhongCao, HuangXiang, the two Jin period of the WeiFu, the East Jin LuJi, WangXiZhi, WangXianZhi father and son, WangXun, the south dynasty of the YangXin, WangSinXianZi, and so on. Wang Xizhi's achievements, reputation is particularly prominent, known as the saint of Chinese calligraphy art that is "book saint". His calligraphy works, the early years of the Tang Dynasty that has been precious as a jewel, Emperor Li Shimin vigorously searched for during his lifetime, after his death, even the Wang book "Lanting Preface" martyrdom. Wang Xizhi "lanting preface" Tang dynasty great calligraphers almost all have pro copy. The late Northern Song dynasty Xuan and the House of the collection of pro that there are 243 pieces of more, the world can be seen to cherish the depth of. Third, the Wei Jin and North and South Dynasties period, China's calligraphy art theory has formed a system, there are a number of calligraphy theorists and books. Such as the western jin wei heng's "four book potential", the southern song dynasty liang dynasty kotewall's "on the book table", sell shoulder goo's "book character theory", yuen aang's "ancient and modern book review", liang wu emperor xiao yan and tao hong jing's "on the book qi". On the book is Tao Hongjing Yu Liang Wu Emperor between the courtiers on the art of calligraphy, compiled by the later calligraphy treatise, from which can be seen at the time of calligraphy style of flourishing.

Wei Jin and North and South Dynasties period of great achievements in the art of calligraphy, but also reflected in the period left us a large number of unparalleled calligraphy art treasures, many of which are our country's artistic treasures, the value of the city. The following are some of the most important ones:

ZhongCao "HeKeJie table" (Tang Dynasty topography), "recommend JiZhou table", "tomb field propshe post", "LiLiLi post", "also show post", "tune yuan post", etc., are topography or later copy of the book. Zhong's authenticity, as early as in the southern dynasty has been difficult to find.

Huangxiang Tianfa Shen pigsty stele, Gu Lang stele, facsimile of the "rush to the chapter" and so on.

Lu Ji's Pingfu Post and Wang Want Post, both in ink.

Wang Xizhi's "Lanting Preface", before the narrative and, all for the Tang and Song dynasty famous copy or fill in the book. However, a great master copy, calligraphy art itself, albeit colorful, extremely valuable. Fast snow when clear post" (Tang hook fill in this), "running script thousands of characters" (some people think that is the Tang set of wang xizhi's word this), "long live through the sky post" and so on.

Wang Xianzhi, "duck head nine posts" (authenticity is inconclusive), "mid-autumn post" (Song Dynasty Mi Fu copy), "twenty-nine days post".

Wang Xun "Bo Yuan post" authentic, Ren Jin dynasty calligraphy works in the only one of the Jin dynasty no debate about the authenticity of the Jin.

With Chen Chongyuan "antiques guide and appreciation" record, Wang Xianzhi "mid-autumn post", Wang Xun "Bo Yuan post" the two national treasures, for the only existing two Jin ink, Song has been collected in the palace, the end of the Qing dynasty into the folk, Ming dynasty was the beginning of the antique store apprenticeship of the Yuan Shikai big chief Guo Shifu acquisition, after the victory of the war, once fell into the hands of the Song Ziwen. Afterwards, due to Zhu Min country democrat Zhang Boju exposed this matter in the newspaper, Song had to return it to Guo Shi descendants. It was then pawned to a British bank in Hong Kong in the early 1950s. Zhang Pekui agitated this matter reported to Premier Zhou Enlai, Premier Zhou attaches great importance to the protection of cultural relics, quickly sent a special person to go to Hong Kong in the pawn before the expiration of the period of time, with a heavy amount of money will be two pieces of the country to redeem.

The Tang dynasty is our country feudal political economy and culture has been a great development of the times, culture and art of poetry, painting, calligraphy, music, dance, are radiating brilliant luster. Calligraphy in the Tang Dynasty developed to another peak, the main feature is true, cursive, official, seal script, line individual calligraphy have been developed, but also to the line and cursive achievements are particularly great, the impact of China's calligraphy art is extremely far-reaching; all kinds of calligraphy have emerged a large number of masters of the masters of the masters of the works of calligraphy, regardless of their calligraphy, both tablet and post are undeniably authentic, greatly enriched the treasure trove of China's calligraphic art; all kinds of calligraphy style, reflecting the "body book style", "the style of writing", "the style of writing", and the "style of writing". The calligraphic style of various styles of calligraphy embodies the "meteorology of the Tang Dynasty". "Most of the real calligraphy writers were born from Wang Xizhi, but adhering to the dual tradition of ink and tablet since the Wei and Jin Dynasties, gradually standing out from the loose and elegant Wang family school of calligraphy, the style turned into a rigorous and powerful, strict law. Running and cursive writers, especially cursive writers, have also gradually followed the footsteps of Da and Xiao Wang (referring to the father and son of Wang Xizhi and Wang Xianzhi), and tended to fly and run free. Although the seal script does not have much development, but also can describe the Qin and Han Dynasty legacy of the law, the star or rigorous tight, or Thucydides round and lively new wind". Mr. Yang Renkai edited the "Chinese calligraphy and painting" in this passage, a better summary of the characteristics of the Tang Dynasty calligraphy art.

Sui-Tang Five Dynasties major calligraphers and important tablets and ink are

Sui-Dynasty ZhiYong's "real cursive thousand characters," hidden in the Japanese Ogawa Jansai family.

Tang Dynasty Ouyang Xun's Clerical Script "Record of the Zongsheng Guan", True Script "Inscription of the Sharp Pagoda of Master He Chan of Huadu Temple", True Script "Inscription of the Sweet Spring of the Palace of Nine Chengs" and other tablets and inscriptions; Ink inscriptions include Cursive "Thousand Character Essay", Running Script "Thousand Character Essay", and "Posting of Historical Matters". Yu Shinan's "Confucius Temple Hall Stele" (Song and Yuan re-engraving), "Princess Runan epitaph" and so on. Chu Suiliang's Yikue Buddhist Shrine Stele, Meng Fa Shi Stele, Yanta Provincial Teaching Preface, Fang Xuanling Stele, Tongzhou Sacred Teaching Preface, and other monuments, as well as heirloom ink inscriptions such as "Withered Tree Fugue", and "Ni Kuan's Praise," most of them made by the later generations. Xue JI's "Zen Master Xinxing monument" and so on, the above four, known as "Ou, Yu, Chu, Xue early Tang four".

The most famous cursive calligraphers of the Tang Dynasty are Zhang Xu and Huai Su. Zhang Xu's representative as the heirloom ink "ancient poems four stickers". Huai Su has handed down more works, and his famous ink inscriptions include "Self-Seclaration Post", "Bitter Reed Post" and "Small Thousand Character Essay".

The real book in the Tang Dynasty has been unprecedented development, unprecedented achievements, the development of the real book of the later generations of influence is particularly great, especially the first learning calligraphy, must start from the real book, and learn the real book must learn "Yan, Liu". Yan is Yan Zhenqing, the main works of his surviving monument carvings "Duo Bao Pagoda Induction Tablet", "Oriental Painting Praise Tablet", "Guo Family Temple Tablet", "Ma Gu Xian Tan Records", "Ode to the Center", "Yuan Jishan Tablet", "Sending King's Tablet", "Yan Qinli Tablet", "Yan's Temple Tablet", "Self-explanatory Letter", "Bamboo Mountain Hall Couplet", and so on. Liu Gongquan's inscriptions include the Diamond Sutra, the Xuanxiu Pagoda Stele, the Divine Counselor's Stele, and the Li Sheng Stele. Heirloom ink has "Meng Zha Pai" famous throughout the generations.

Tang, five generations of famous calligraphers and their calligraphy masterpieces there are many, such as Sun over Ting and its "book", Lu Ganzhi and its "Lu Ji Wenfu", Zhong Shaojing and its "King of the Wheel Sutra", Li Yong and its "Yun Hui generals monument", Xu Hao and its "monk monument", He Zhizhang and its "filial piety scripture", Li Yangbing and its "city temple monument", Shi Wei and its "Dazhi Zen master monument", Cai Youyin and its "Yuchi The Temple Stele", Han Zemu and his "Report on the Prison of China".

Song dynasty society, urban economy developed, the large ranks of the scholar class, culture and art is very prosperous, Lyric even some of the emperor and consort to advocate and even physically (such as the Northern Song Taizong Zhao Guangyi, Huizong Zhao Ji, the Southern Song High Zong Zhao Gong, the Northern Song Renzong Cao Empress, the Southern Song Ningzong Yang Huang, etc., especially Zhao Ji's thin gold unique, high attainments, on the Yuan, Ming and Qing Calligraphy has a certain impact) to teach the Sui, Tang, and Five Dynasties have new developments. The development of the Sui, Tang and Five Dynasties. Due to the characteristics of social and cultural development, the Song Dynasty calligraphy art, real, cursive, official, seal script, line five styles of calligraphy, real, seal script achievement is not great, cursive, official script than the previous generation also less have greater development. The most outstanding achievement of Song Dynasty calligraphy is the running script represented by the "Four Schools of Song", i.e. "Su, Huang, Mi and Cai". Song Dynasty running script not only broke through the style of "Two Kings", but also exceeded the norms of "Yan and Liu" of the Tang Dynasty, forming a new style of writing that was dashing, light and lively, wanton and unrestrained, with the will of the book, which can be called "Running Script" in the art of calligraphy. It can be called the "Running Script School" in the art of calligraphy, which had an extremely far-reaching influence on the Qing Dynasty and even on the modern calligraphy world.

Su Shi, one of the Four Families of the Song Dynasty, is a famous writer whose most famous representative works include "Cold Eclipse Poem of Huangzhou" in running script, "Fugue of Spring Colors in the Dongting Garden", and "Red Cliff Fugue" in regular script, etc. Huang Tingjian, one of the Four Families of the Song Dynasty, is a famous writer. Huang is Huang Tingjian, whose representative works include "Cursive Script Posting from the Seat of the Lord", "Poem on the Pine Wind Pavilion" in running script, "Poem Sending Forty-nine Nephews Posting", and so on. Mi that is, Mi Fu, is a calligraphy master who left a lot of treasures, his representative works are in running script "camphor stickers", "to the dowager empress elegiac words", "three rows of Za", "Shu Su post" and so on. Cai, from the calligraphy artistic merit, should be Cai Jing, because he is a notorious sycophant, character for the world, and the famous minister of northern Song Dynasty Cai Xiang instead. His representative works include "Self-script Poetry Scroll" in running script, "Nandu Paste" and "Ten Za Scrolls" in running script, etc. The works listed here are only a few of the works that have been passed down from them. The works listed here are only a few of the many ink treasures that have been handed down from them to the present day. Because they are good and diligent, when the time of fame has been great, some people have the four seas for the government, the people of the book for its authors, please write the monument is also more, so their calligraphy works of ink inscriptions are quite rich, the country can be seen in many places, and some large foreign museums also have collections.

The Song Dynasty style is very prosperous, Shi characters can not book, and the level of calligraphy art are very see power, even if some of the then-nameless abbreviation of the text of entertainment, the level of the calligraphy art, can make today's just learn a few years of the word can be scribbled a few strokes will be pretentious "calligrapher" in shame. The achievements of the Song Dynasty calligraphers who are well known in the history of the world should be mentioned. Li Jianzhong and its "line of the same year sticker", "mother of the earth sticker", Ouyang Xiu and its "line of love sticker", "since the book of poetry", Wen Yanbo and its "line of three Za volume", Sima Guang and its "in and sticker", Fan Zhongyan and its "line of two Za", "Road clothing praise", Lu You and its "since the book of poetry volume" Zhu Xi and its "line of cursive poetry Za", Wei Deweng and its "to the sticker", Wen Tianxiang and its "Xie Zhu Wu seat of right speech", and so on. Although these people are known for their articles or high officials in the world heavy in the world, the art of calligraphy is also very high attainments, their calligraphy works are not rare with the arch.

Song calligraphy left an important legacy to future generations, is the Song dynasty official and private engraved by a variety of post book. As mentioned above, the Song Dynasty literary style, emperors and concubines who love calligraphy, their hobby to influence the scholar, and then formed the fashion of the whole society. From the Taizong Zhao Guangyi set ancient sages calligraphy masters ink carved into the "Chunhua Pavilion post" began, the entire Song dynasty public and private engraved post constantly, the most famous Huizong Zhao Ji engraved "Daguan post", Mi Fu engraved "Bao Jin Zhai law post",. Due to historical changes since the Song Dynasty, the E post this thousand years of natural and man-made disasters, the loss of several, the surviving original engraved topography to rare as a phoenix feather.

Song calligraphy art is not as bright as the Jin and Tang have been as mentioned above. To the southern song dynasty calligraphy art is even less noticeable, showing a trend of decline, did not produce such as su huang mai cai that can pave the way for the history of the calligraphy of the great calligraphers. China's calligraphy art exhibition to the Yuan Dynasty, and only then took off. Zhao Mengfu, Xian Yu Shu and other representatives of the Yuan Dynasty calligraphers, the Jin and Tang calligraphy serious research, painstaking exploration, and strive to copy the Jin and Tang calligraphy art tradition, formed their own style of the times. However, due to the Yuan Dynasty history is not long, the rulers of the cultural advocacy is not as good as the Tang and Song Dynasty, so the calligraphy achievement is not as great as the Tang and Song Dynasty, the style of calligraphy to line, regular script, cursive script has a greater development, the level is also high.

Zhao Mengfu was the most influential calligrapher of the Yuan Dynasty, whose calligraphy was mainly in regular script, with some cursive script as well. His masterpieces include the Danba Stele and the Divine Blessing Guan Records in regular script, the Luoshen Fu in running script, the Red Cliff Fu before and after, and the Thousand Character Essay in cursive script, and so on. Zhao Mengfu's calligraphy in our country calligraphy division business before and after, on the Ming and Qing Dynasties calligraphy world has a huge impact, reputation is extremely high followers.

Fresh Yu Shu was second only to Zhao Mengfu as a calligrapher of the Yuan Dynasty, and also specialized in running script, regular script and cursive script. The main works are: regular script "Lao Zhi Tao Te Ching" volume, running cursive "Wang Jing Gong miscellaneous poems" volume, regular script "Imperial Proverbs" volume, "Cursive Thousand Character Essay" volume, and so on. Other important calligraphers of the Yuan Dynasty include: Deng Wenyuan, whose masterpieces include Zhang Cursive Script "Rapid Achievement Chapter" scroll; Kangli Kui Kui and his Cursive Script "Yan Lugong's Description of Zhang Xu's Method" and "Fishing Father's Remarks", etc.; Zhang Yu and his "Absolute Writings of the Tang Dynasty", etc.; Guo Li and his Running Script "Poem on Winging Green Jade Lotus Plate" scroll; Yang Weizhen and his Running Script "Inscription on Selling a Woolen Nest" shaft, Cursive Script "Dreaming of Visiting the Begonia City Poem", and Wu Rui and his "RiSao Scriptures and Thousand Character Writings" scroll; as well as A large number of artists who are good at both painting and calligraphy and are famous for their paintings, such as Wang Meng, Ni Zan, Huang Gongwang, Wu Zhen, the so-called "Four Families of the Yuan Dynasty", and so on.

Calligraphy in the Ming Dynasty can be said to be a blossoming of a hundred flowers, true, cursive, official, seal script, and line individuals have certain achievements. From the style genre, school Wei Jin monumental style, two Wang, Yan Liu, nearly learn Qian Chao long Mengfu have, the formation of a number of art genres. The phenomenon of great painters and calligraphers, more than the Yuan Dynasty. The Ming Dynasty calligraphy world has also produced some of the later generations of influential and accomplished calligraphers, leaving far more than the previous generation of rich calligraphic art treasures.

Unlike the previous generation, the development of calligraphy in the Ming Dynasty was characterized by distinctive phases, with various styles of calligraphy having their own lines of development and outstanding representatives.

Calligraphy in the early Ming Dynasty, the greatest achievement of the true book, followed by cursive, representative of the so-called three Song (Song Ke, Song Guang, Song girdle) and two Shen (Shen Du, Shen Ch'an), Song Ke reputation is the greatest. At this time the real book, there is a kind of rounded Pingsheng, mainly popular in the Hanlin, in the book of the Sheriff, more used as zhangzhang, line in the calligraphy, known as the "pavilion body", due to the royal family advocate, prevailed for a while, and affect the entire Qing dynasty calligraphy. Its representative characters are Shen Du, Jiang Lizang and others. This period of cursive also has its own achievements, to Song Guang, Xie Jin as a representative.

Ming dynasty calligraphy, to the rows of the greater achievements, the regular script to carry the early momentum, some development, mainly to correct the once prevalent ' "TaiGe style" the kind of relatively stagnant calligraphy. Running and regular script representatives have Zhu Yunming, Wen Zhengming, Wang Favored, Chen Daofu, to Shen Zhou, Tang Yin and so on. They are all famous painters, but also accomplished calligraphers. China's calligraphy and painting art originally from the same source, many theories, methods, art laws are the same, so never learn to paint most of the good book, learn calligraphy and many can paint. In their place, painting and calligraphy set in one. Also because of this, people in the discussion of books, paintings, often at the same time, a variety of dictionaries to introduce the skills of people, also known as calligraphy and painting. Cursive writing in this period also have achievements, the style of wild, to Zhang Bi, Zhang Jun, Zhu Yunming as a representative.

The late Ming Dynasty calligraphy, to the emergence of a variety of styles of calligraphy, each leading the trend, have significant achievements and outstanding representative of the phenomenon of this phenomenon is characterized. Running script is represented by Dong Qichang, cursive script is represented by Ding Dong, Fu Shan, and seal script is represented by Zhao Hanguang. There are also Zhang Ruitu's cursive script, Ni Yuanlu, Huang Daozhou seems to be like grass like the official script, etc., to Dong Qichang's influence is the most.

Ming Dynasty calligraphers are numerous, out of the previous one mentioned a number of schools and the era of the famous this and should be mentioned in addition to the calligraphers are: Qian Pu, Qian Bo, Chen Xianzhang, Cheng Nanyun, Li Dongyang, Wu Kuan, Wen Peng, Xu Pai, Mi Wanzhong and so on. As the Ming Dynasty is closer to the present day, only five or six hundred years, the calligraphy works are rich, too numerous to mention, can only be omitted.

The Qing Dynasty is with the modern recent feudal era, the end of the Qing Dynasty with nearly less than a hundred years, the art of calligraphy for today's people, not very ancient, the lover of calligraphy works that have been handed down to date, easy to find. Qing dynasty calligraphy is an important feature: before the middle of the word predominantly post, in the late monumental popularity of the art of calligraphy has revitalized the trend of calligraphy, a large number of famous calligraphy in the history of the book. Such as the early qing dynasty fu shan, zhu da (bada shanren), shi tao, etc. Indulgent and wild cursive or cursive writing, extremely have the mark of the times, extremely personalized.

Qianlong, jiaqing period, because of the influence of the qianlong emperor, zhao calligraphy has once become a sample of the bureaucrats copied, its main representative and zhang zhao, dong hao, wang by dun and so on. At this time, in addition to Zhao, to "Zhong Wang", "Yan Liu", "Su Mi" as a teacher, there are many people, such as Weng Fanggang, Liu Yong, Tie Bao, Liang Tongwen, Wang Wenzhi, Qian Li, Yao Nai and so on. There are even the world known as "Yangzhou eight monsters" of a calligraphy and painters, dissatisfaction with the reign of the calligraphy world Zhao, Dong posting, bold innovation, write a personalized, innovative works of calligraphy. Such as Huang Shen's cursive, Wang Shishen's clerical, Zheng Banqiao's "six and a half book", Jin Nong's "lacquer book".

Fu Shan from the beginning of the Qing Dynasty began to "anti-posting advocate monument", until the middle of the Qing Dynasty when the Jiaqing monumental Fang formed a position, calligraphy in the late Qing Dynasty is the world of monumental, a large number of calligraphers from the heirloom monumental and the newly unearthed Chinese monumental version of the book from the nutrients, the art of calligraphy has been refined, and the calligraphy world is gradually full of vitality. The important calligraphers are: Deng Shiru, Yi Bingshou, Ding Jing, Huang Yi, Guifu, Chen Hongshou, Bao Shichen, He Shaoji, Zhao Zhiqian, Wu Xizai, Wu Changshuo and so on. Special mention should be made of Deng Shiru, his real, cursive, official and seal script are all excellent, calligraphy art achievement, known as "the first in the Qing Dynasty". He Shaoji, Zhao Zhiqian is also a very important calligraphy masters of the Qing Dynasty.