Analysis on technical points of ecological slope protection for water conservancy flood control projects?

With the continuous development of social economy, the pace of construction and development of water conservancy and flood control infrastructure projects has also been accelerated accordingly. Compared with the earth's water resources, water is not only an indispensable natural resource to ensure human social activities, but also brings security threats such as floods and other disasters to human production and life. Dike and river slope protection in flood control engineering is a large-scale and wide-ranging infrastructure. Through technical innovation, it is an important subject for hydraulic engineering design and flood control construction to select and establish slope protection methods that take into account flood control, ecology and economy.

First, the connotation characteristics of ecological slope protection

Ecological slope protection is a comprehensive ecological engineering technology for slope protection and erosion prevention by using vegetation. It is a comprehensive slope protection system composed of plants or engineering materials, which uses the knowledge of engineering mechanics, soil science, ecology, botany and other disciplines to maintain and strengthen the slope or body of water conservancy projects.

Ecological slope protection is based on protecting and creating a good living environment and natural landscape. While ensuring the strength, safety, stability and durability of the slope, it also takes into account the environmental and biological effects of water conservancy projects, so as to achieve a natural state in which soil and organisms are mutually conserved and suitable for biological growth. Ecological slope expansion has certain openness, which can protect biodiversity and rarely change the habitat environment of river creatures. Ecological slope protection materials are mainly environmental protection materials, most of which are natural materials, which have little environmental pollution. To a certain extent, the root system of vegetation used as biological slope protection has a certain anchoring and reinforcement function, which can effectively reduce the pore water pressure of slope, alleviate rainfall runoff, prevent soil erosion and improve the slope protection function of slope environment.

Second, the comparison between ecological slope protection and traditional slope protection

Traditional river slope protection mainly includes mortar or dry block stone slope protection, cast-in-place concrete slope protection, precast concrete block slope protection and so on. These slope protection structures have played a certain role in maintaining the stability of bank slope structure, preventing soil erosion and flood control and drainage. However, the cost of these slope protection projects is high, and the underwater construction and maintenance work is difficult. Its biggest disadvantage is that it is only designed and constructed from the perspective of satisfying the stability of river bank slope and the function of flood discharge and drainage, and rarely considers the impact on the environment and ecology. Moreover, some additives, such as early strength agent, antifreeze, expansion agent and so on. In the construction, traditional concrete slope protection is adopted to varying degrees. These additives react in water, which has adverse effects on water quality and water environment.

Compared with the traditional slope protection technology, the existing ecological slope protection technology not only has the functions of enhancing the stability of bank slope, satisfying the flood control and drainage of rivers and preventing soil erosion, but also has natural vitality and can be coordinated with the surrounding landscape. Ecological slope protection has certain openness, which can protect the biodiversity of organisms and rarely change the habitat environment of river organisms. Ecological slope protection materials are mainly environmental protection materials, most of which are natural materials, which have little environmental pollution.

The existing ecological slope protection also has some imperfections: plants on the slope protection are considered, while animals and microorganisms are ignored, and the dynamics of ecological slope protection as a complete ecosystem is ignored. The real ecological slope protection should be based on ensuring slope stability and taking the biodiversity of river slope system as the main goal. Therefore, although the existing ecological slope protection technology has a certain ecological color, it is an imperfect ecological slope protection technology.

Three, the technical analysis of ecological slope protection construction of flood control and water conservancy projects

(A) artificial grass slope protection technology

Artificial planting grass for slope protection is a traditional slope protection technology by planting grass on the slope of water conservancy project by artificial sowing. Herbs with well-developed roots and soil-fixing properties are usually used for slope protection and soil-fixing, so as to prevent soil erosion and meet the needs of ecological environment. Paving turf for slope protection is a measure of paving natural turf on slope surface, which has certain benefits in slope protection of flood control and water conservancy projects. It is mostly used for slope protection of earth embankment with low slope and suitable for the growth of grass plants, and is not suitable for slope protection of earth embankment near water and key flood control sections with fast flood discharge speed.

(B) hydraulic spray seeding grass planting technology

Spraying grass for slope protection of water conservancy projects is a protective technology that mixes grass seeds, fertilizers, adhesives, soil improvers and other related materials with water in a certain proportion and sprays them on the slope of flood control water conservancy projects through mechanical pressurization. It has the technical advantages of fast construction speed and good slope protection and greening effect. Spray sowing grass seeds germinate quickly, emerge neatly and have wide applicability, which is widely used in water conservancy flood control and slope protection.

(3) Geotechnical materials for soil reinforcement and slope protection

Soil-fixing planting slope protection with geotechnical materials usually adopts polymer materials such as polypropylene to make soil-fixing net mats with suitable height and space, and fills and stores certain planting soil suitable for plant growth, so that the net mats, turf and soil surface can be firmly combined through the balanced growth of plant roots through meshes, or sheets such as polypropylene and high-density polyethylene are used to form a honeycomb unit foundation through hot melt bonding, and soil and plant grass are filled to realize soil-fixing slope protection. The concrete frame can be used to increase the stability of the slope, and the geotechnical material is firm.

(4) Ecological exotic vegetation slope protection

Ecological exotic soil slope protection is a kind of slope protection technology, which is made of plant fiber, slow-release compound fertilizer, humus, water-retaining material, adhesive and other related materials, and then laid on the slope surface to form exotic soil layer, providing a growing environment for grass plants. Ecological concrete skeleton with good air permeability is used to maintain water and heat exchange in soil layer, reduce evaporation of water in soil, and mixed water-retaining agent provides water for plants. Because the slope is covered with grass, it is suitable for rocky slopes with small slopes.

(5) Grid ecological slope protection technology

Using masonry concrete blocks or cast-in-place concrete structural materials to form a grid, the grid is filled with humus to plant green plants, and the engineering slope protection structure is closely combined with plant roots to form a comprehensive slope protection system of grids and plants, which can not only play a role in slope protection, but also restore the ecological protection of the environment. Grid ecological slope protection technology has good slope protection ability, among which cast-in-place grid slope protection is a new slope protection technology, which has strong practical value in slope protection of flood control and water conservancy projects.

Four, the key points of ecological slope protection construction of flood control and water conservancy projects

(A) pay attention to the effectiveness of ecological slope protection technology for flood control and water conservancy projects

Ecological slope protection is an important part of realizing ecological water conservancy. The construction of ecological slope protection in flood control and water conservancy projects should first pay attention to the embodiment of its leading function of flood control and stability, and the ecological restoration performance should be based on flood control function. The development of ecological slope protection must adhere to the principle of adapting to the local natural climate conditions and the actual needs of economic development, avoid building ecological slope protection into an image project with no practical effect, and give full play to the effectiveness of ecological slope protection technology in flood control and water conservancy projects.

(2) Pay attention to the feasibility of ecological slope protection technology for flood control and water conservancy projects.

The geological conditions of flood control and water conservancy projects are usually complex and changeable, and the corrosion resistance of soil and rock mass on the embankment slope is very different. The important feature of ecological slope protection of water conservancy projects is to restore the natural attributes of rivers. During the construction, natural stone, turf and other materials shall be selected as far as possible, and the geological survey data shall be strictly analyzed to optimize the construction scheme design. We must attach importance to the feasibility of ecological slope protection project, comprehensively analyze and weigh the advantages and disadvantages, minimize and avoid hardening, repeated construction and blind development of river concrete slope protection, and realize resource conservation.

(C) pay attention to the innovation of ecological slope protection technology for flood control and water conservancy projects

The comprehensive technical content of ecological slope protection in hydraulic engineering is high, and the physical and chemical properties of slope protection engineering materials such as deformation resistance, weathering resistance and erosion resistance affect the protection effect of slope stability. In the process of engineering construction, we should adhere to the innovative concept of sustainable development, attach importance to the technical innovation of ecological slope protection of flood control and water conservancy projects, scientifically optimize the design of engineering construction, pay attention to the performance development and innovative research of building materials, further enhance and optimize the anti-erosion and anti-erosion ability of ecological engineering subjects, and ensure the economy, durability and energy saving of ecological engineering construction.

Verb (abbreviation of verb) conclusion

The safety and stability of dike slope protection and other infrastructure in flood control and water conservancy projects is an important factor affecting the normalization of production and life of surrounding residents. Under the current concept of environmental protection, it is an important measure to strengthen the research on slope protection measures of flood control and water conservancy projects and effectively implement the ecological slope protection project construction of flood control and water conservancy projects.

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