What is the object of aesthetic study

What is the object of aesthetic research? Since the creation of the discipline of aesthetics has not been finalized. Its uncertainty directly affects the positioning of modern aesthetics discipline and the determination of the content of research, leading to the immaturity and decline of the discipline of aesthetics. The 20th century rejected metaphysics, rejected the essence, and tried to turn off the object of aesthetics to the empirical phenomenon, but this turn not only failed to change the situation of aesthetics, but also made aesthetics marginalized, and is not valued by the people. Rethinking the relationship between aesthetics and metaphysics, especially Heidegger's thesis on the essence of art, is a great inspiration for us to think about the object of aesthetics research. Aesthetics takes art as the main object of study, and studies the aesthetic relationship of human beings to reality through art, and then studies all kinds of aesthetic objects, aesthetic experience, aesthetic sense, aesthetic consciousness, aesthetic categories and aesthetic thought. First of all, man's aesthetic relation to reality is a universally existing objective phenomenon, and aesthetics must take it as a starting point for research. (There are two main categories of relations constituted by man and the objective world, namely, material relations and spiritual relations. Spiritual relations in turn include cognitive relations, ethical relations, aesthetic relations, and so on. For an objective object we can treat it from different perspectives and with different attitudes, which will form different spiritual relations. The aesthetic relationship that occurs between human beings and objective reality is universal. Therefore, aesthetics should study it and take this study as the starting point of aesthetics. Taking aesthetic relations as the object of aesthetic study will make the study of aesthetics incomparably richer). Secondly, aesthetics must also study aesthetic consciousness, aesthetic categories and aesthetic thought, which are one of the components of human ideology and are conceptual. Again, aesthetics should take art as the main object of study. (First, art is the centralized expression of human aesthetic consciousness. Second, the appreciation of art is an aesthetic behavior that does not involve direct utilitarianism. Third, the study of aesthetic objects can better grasp their essential characteristics through art. Fourthly, the study of aesthetic concepts through art is a proven method, which often achieves twice the result with half the effort.

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German philosopher Baumgarten's book "Aesthetics" was published, aesthetics as an independent discipline was formally announced. He is known as the "father of aesthetics", and believed that human mental activity can be divided into three aspects: knowledge, emotion and meaning. He was the first to put forward "aesthetics" as a part of philosophy, and clarified its inherent object field and laid down its scientific foundation. He believed that "aesthetics is the art of thinking in a beautiful way, and it is the theory of the art of beauty", and "the object of the study of beauty is sensibility. "The object of study of beauty is the perfection of sense perception", which is beauty. The opposite of this is the imperfection of sense perception, which is ugliness. He believes that mental activities are divided into three categories, "knowledge", "emotion", "meaning", "knowledge" is in the theoretical understanding of its The corresponding discipline is logic, "emotion" belongs to the role of emotion, originating from perceptual cognition, and its corresponding discipline is aesthetics, and "intention" is will, and its corresponding discipline is theology, which demonstrates the basic idea of his aesthetics system, that is to say, what looks beautiful is only a part of perceptual cognition, and what looks beautiful is only a part of perceptual cognition. That is to say, what looks beautiful is only the emotional role of perceptual awareness, but can never be detached from psychology, ethics, logic, etc., aesthetics involves a wide range of aesthetics, aesthetics sense is not just the beauty of the form, but also contains the social, environmental, religious, political and other factors.