Ewenki Art

The Ewenki people like to dance simple and lively group dances, and most of them express the production and life of Ewenki people through women's dances. The main dances are "Ahanbai", "Aidahahi Leng Dance" and "Zhehui Leng Dance".

The Ewenki people worship the swan and take the swan as their totem. The swan dance is the folk dance of Ewenki people, which is called "Good Day Cut" in Ewenki language. Women like to imitate the swan's various postures in their leisure time and dance for their own amusement, which gradually evolved into a kind of fixed dance - Swan Dance. Ewenki people do not have a fixed residence in the forest, "Xiaoluozi" is their traditional residence. The name of "Xiaoluozi" in Ewenki language is "Xifern (luó) column", its appearance is like the Oroqen's "slanting human column", about 3 meters high and 4 meters in diameter, it is a kind of conical building, actually it is made of pine wood. It is a conical building, which is actually a round shack made of pine poles, and is also a very simple tent. The cover of "handful of Luozi" is different with seasonal change, generally use birch bark in summer, and use suede and deer skin to wrap in winter. Although Ewenki people have no fixed residence, but have fixed building, that is their warehouse. Their warehouse is extremely peculiar: the first two adjacent trees to cut off the tops of the trees, as a pillar, and then use the wood base into a suspended warehouse, the ground diagonally erected a cut with a ladder of wooden posts for the ladder. Warehouse in the storage of food, prey, clothing, utensils, etc., they never lock, other hunters can take as much as they want, and then return it as much as you want.

The main housing in the pastoral area is the "yurt", round. Summer to reed, willow or birch bark cover. In winter, poor people still use reeds as a cover, while rich people use felt.

The poor families near the mountainous areas live in the short and damp "horse frame" (made of adobe). Ewenki women are good at embroidery, carving, paper-cutting and other crafts. The patterns are mostly taken from the production and life, and have unique national style. Ewenki people who live a hunting life are good at using birch bark and mushrooms as raw materials, using knives and scissors to carve and cut into various kinds of birds and beasts, such as sweats, deer, ducks and so on, for children's toys, and they are also good at carving and painting beautiful floral patterns on vessels. Ewenki folk there are a lot of paper-cutting artists, they can use paper to cut into a variety of animals, the image of realistic, beautiful, lifelike. They worship a variety of gods, are cut out of birch skin with a small mannequin coloring and become .

Birch skin occupies a certain position in the daily life of Ewenke people, which can be called "birch skin culture". Many products for hunting, fishing and milking are made of birch skin. Tableware, brewing utensils, containers, housing "handful of Luozi", fences, leather-like. Even the dead body is made of birch skin. Besides, many costumes of Ewenke tribe are made of birch bark. Like birch bark hat, birch bark shoes and so on are very extensive. All kinds of birch bark products, especially birch bark containers, in addition to lightweight and practical, but also equipped with floral pattern decoration. Generally speaking, women start to learn the crafts of carving, embossing, painting, collage, etc. passed down from generation to generation from the age of seven or eight, and gradually develop the passion to study the crafts, and make art creations on the utensils and appliances. Most of the drawings originate from production and life, and there are flowers, plants, trees, mountain peaks, insects and fish, stone cliffs and other imitation natural compositions, with a unique national style. Ewenke people who live in the primitive forests of Daxinganling in the north, take meat as the staple food of daily life, eat Jail meat, venison, bear meat, wild boar meat, roe deer meat, gray rat meat and flying dragons, pheasants, pheasants, fowls, fishes and so on, and the method of eating is also a little bit different from that of pastoral areas, among which the livers and kidneys of Jail, venison, and roe deer are generally eaten in raw form, and other parts of the animals should be boiled and eaten.

Pure animal husbandry production area of the Ewenki to milk, meat, noodles as the main food, three meals a day can not leave the milk tea, not only to milk tea as a drink, but also often processed into yogurt and milk products. The main dairy products are: thin cream, butter, milk residue, dried milk and milk skin. The most common way to eat is to spread the extracted cream on bread or snacks to eat .

The traditional cooking utensils of Ewenki people are unique, there are cups and chopsticks made of Jail bone, wine cups made of antlers, Jail belly with boiled meat, buckskin with grain pockets sewn by Jail sinews, birch wood, leather bowls and plates, etc. Nowadays, there are porcelain, aluminum, iron, plastic and other kinds of food. Now porcelain, aluminum, iron, plastic products have been widely used .

When Ewenki people eat, the whole family sits on the ground around the fire, hangs the iron pot on the tripod, cuts the moose or other hunted animals into pieces of meat, and puts them into the boiling pot to shabu-shabu and eat. The meat is half-cooked with strands of blood hanging from it. It is believed to be not only nutritious, but also easily absorbed.

The remaining large amount of animal meat, Ewenke people drying into dried meat and meat, stored up slowly eat, go out to hunt, put it in the deer bag pocket as dry food.

Meat is mainly beef and mutton. In the past, each family consumed an average of twenty or so sheep and two cows every year. Before the arrival of winter is the season when Ewenki people slaughter a lot of livestock to store meat. The methods of eating meat are: hand-held meat, blood sausage, boiling meat and rice porridge and kebabs, etc. .

Fish is mostly stewed, and only wild onion and salt are added to stewed fish, paying attention to the original flavor of the soup. Ewenki people rarely eat vegetables, only collect some wild onions, made into salted vegetables, as a small dish with meals. From the early 1950s, the staple food is gradually replaced by pasta such as noodles, pancakes, steamed buns and so on.

Drinks to milk tea-based, drink according to personal taste and then add butter, milk residue. In addition, also drink noodles tea, meat tea. The method of production is in the boiling tea, first filtered tea (generally use brick tea) and then put a small amount of fried Jizi rice and salt, the right amount of fresh milk into the boiled milk tea. When drinking according to personal taste and then add butter, milk residue. In addition, they also drink noodle tea, meat tea, noodle tea is to be fried Jizi rice pounded into noodles after frying in a frying pan and add milk tea; meat tea is to be cooked meat cut into pieces and added to milk tea. Ewenki people respect fire as God, before drinking and eating meat, they should throw a piece of meat into the fire and sprinkle a cup of wine before eating.

When holding the marriage ceremony, the newlyweds should honor the fire god .

The Ewenki people have many taboos against fire, such as not to poke the fire with pointed iron, not to splash the fire with water, not to throw dirty things into the fire, not to allow women to cross over the fire, not to step on the fire with their feet, etc. The "Fire God" is held on May 22 every year. May 22 every year, "Mi Kualu Festival" is the Ewenki folk traditional festival, circulated in Inner Mongolia Chenbaerhu Banner Ewenki people. On this day, people want to hold horse racing, horse racing, but also to the year of the birth of lambs cut ears, as a mark. According to traditional custom, the old man to give the descendants of the mother lamb, blessing them in the future flocks such as clouds, happy life, but also set up a banquet to entertain friends and relatives, announced that they were the number of young animals .

"Omni Narang" will be the pastoral area of the grand religious activities and entertainment festivals, generally held in August.

In addition, "Ovoo" will also be a relatively large religious festival in pastoral areas. When sacrificing Ovoo, we should slaughter cows and sheep as sacrifices, and pray for the safety of people and animals. Ewenke people in various regions have accumulated rich experience in long-term production and life practice, and the folk have formed a unique set of methods for time, distance, weights and measures, direction, prediction of the year, climate and so on.

Ewenke people mainly rely on the sun and stars to time. In the daytime, according to "daybreak", "the sun comes out", "the sun to the southwest", "the sun is going down" and so on. Timing. In winter, the night is mainly observed by stars and the night is divided into three periods: "three stars come out", "three stars to the west", "three stars to fall". Ewenke people in the hunting area, the sun is south when called "looking for roe deer time", the sun is just out when called "playing jail time", the sun is southwest of the time called "dinner time".

Ewenke is mainly based on the star position and the position of the sun shall determine the direction, such as the Big Dipper seven stars from the northeast, three stars from the southeast, the dawn star (super Lupeng) in the morning before the light from the southeast; and the Tianhe River is the northeast - southwest of a wide line, the orientation of the seasons remain unchanged. The sun and the moon come out from the east, the hunting area will be "the direction of sunrise" called east, "the direction of sunset" called west, "the direction of the middle-aged sun" called south, "the direction that the sun can not reach" called south, "the direction that the sun can not reach" called south. The direction where the sun does not reach" is called north.

The traditional method of observing the weather is based mainly on the direction, the season and various changes in nature. For example, if it rains from the southeast, it must be a heavy rain; when the wind blows from the northwest, it does not rain. Snow begins to fall from the northwest. The appearance of a circle of light around the sun and the moon is an omen of a change of weather; it will be windy, snowy or rainy. It must rain a lot. More white butterflies in summer, more snow in winter. There are many mouse holes in summer and less snow in winter. If it is windy on Ching Ming, it will be windy in spring. If it snows on Ching Ming, it will snow heavily in spring.

To predict whether the year will be good or bad, look at the position of the Big Dipper and the moon on the 24th day of the 12th month of the lunar calendar before dawn. The moon in the upper left side of the Big Dipper, that the next year to flood; moon in the upper right side of the Big Dipper, the next year to drought; moon in the middle or lower Big Dipper, it must be a good year of rain and wind.