Seek the characteristics of the development of relations between major powers in 2 1 century.

Since the 20th century, traditional factors such as geopolitics and ideology, as well as non-traditional factors such as terrorism, the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction and energy security, have increased their influence on the relations among major powers.

Relations between major powers have the following characteristics:

The first is to maintain "overall stability."

Relations between major powers remain basically stable and more flexible, and the possibility of direct confrontation between major powers is reduced.

The strategic contradictions in the relations between major powers will not disappear because of mutual cooperation, nor will they change the basic situation of mutual cooperation because of mutual struggle. However, the competition side of cooperation is intensifying and the containment side is developing.

The adjustment of American global strategy and the enhancement of China's comprehensive national strength have become the key to lead a new round of great power interaction, and the situation of Sino-US cooperation and mutual containment has become a main line that affects the overall situation of great power relations.

Second, "profit-seeking competition" is fierce.

Major countries pay more attention to economic diplomacy, especially the competition around strategic resources, energy producing areas and energy channels intensifies, the game intensifies, energy diplomacy is active, and the contradictions and frictions caused by competition increase.

Oil and gas resources are related to the core interests of all countries, and oil and gas suppliers tend to use resources as a tool to exert political influence and build their own favorable relations with big countries.

Russia-Ukraine gas dispute; Russia countered the "* * *" of the United States and Europe; Iran re-enriched uranium; Extremization of the Middle East Gulf; Venezuela strengthens relations with Cuba and Bolivia; African oil-producing countries such as Nigeria, Sudan and Angola are more active and independent in political diplomacy, which reveals that the economic factors behind political diplomacy are becoming increasingly complex, and the competition for energy and resources among countries will continue to play a role in the development and evolution of relations between China and North Korea.

Third, "grasping the situation according to the time" is changeable.

Countries have different strategic priorities and concerns, and form different groups according to different interests. China, the United States, India, China, the United States, Japan, the United States, Europe, Russia, China, the United States and Russia have complex interactions, and some traditional triangular relationships tend to be active.

The structural contradictions between the United States, Europe and Russia have gradually become clear, and Russia is on the defensive in its relations with the United States and Europe.

US-European relations have stepped out of the shadow of the Iraq war and returned to coordination and cooperation; The complexity of US-Russia relations is outstanding; The heat of European-Russian relations has declined, and strategic mutual trust has declined.

At the same time, the friction between China and the United States has increased in cooperation; Sino-Russian mutual strategic needs have increased; China-EU relations have developed steadily, but they are also facing new problems.

Fourth, the "interaction between old and new" is obvious.

China, Brazil, India, South Africa and other emerging economies are developing rapidly, and their influence is expanding day by day, which has increasingly become an important factor affecting the relationship between major powers and the evolution of the world power structure.

Emerging economies have different national conditions and their strategic position is extremely important. They stick to the strategic channel and stand at the forefront of counter-terrorism. Their relations with the United States and other western countries are different, and big countries pay more attention to dialogue and consultation with them.

The United States reshapes the global alliance system, focusing on counter-terrorism, returning to the traditional security concept and paying more attention to emerging economies such as China, Russia and India. Dialogue with newly industrialized countries has been strengthened, and dialogue and cooperation between North and South powers are on the rise.

China's comprehensive national strength has increased, and its role in world affairs has risen, which has affected the new changes in state relations and increased the dependence of big countries on China's strategy or tactics.

The verb (abbreviation of verb) "regional cooperation" is active.

The new round of global regional cooperation has entered a new era of accelerated development.

Multilateral organizations in various regions are unprecedentedly active. Major countries and emerging powers have increased their investment in the dominance of regional economic cooperation, directly or indirectly participated in it, and competed to exert their influence. The power division and combination between countries inside and outside the region continue to deepen.

East Asia has become the focus of great power competition and a new round of regional cooperation and development. The United States, Japan, Russia and Europe pay more and more attention to regional cooperation in Asia, and China's role in regional cooperation in Asia and major international issues has attracted much attention.

The relationship among China, Japanese, Indian, Korean and ASEAN countries is accelerating around the rise of China.

Although there are many complicated factors in the process of East Asian cooperation, a new situation of mutual benefit and win-win has emerged.

By expanding regional integration, major countries have strengthened their interest bundling.

Sixth, "multilateral coordination" is getting stronger and stronger.

Hot issues continue to affect the relations among major powers, and major powers pay more and more attention to the important role of multilateral mechanisms in solving traditional and non-traditional security threats, especially the hot issues of "two nuclear issues (North Korea, Iran and the Middle East)". Great powers pay more attention to the role of diplomacy and soft power, and coordination and cooperation are increasing, and the methods are more flexible and pragmatic.

Since Bush's re-election, the superpower status of the United States has not changed, but its ability to manipulate international affairs has weakened, and it has been forced to adjust its foreign strategy, from a single force to a comprehensive governance starting from the transformation of freedom and democracy, from advocating unilateralism to paying more attention to coordination and cooperation among major powers, and from a "preemptive strike" strategy to paying more attention to diplomatic efforts.

Using multilateral cooperation, the United States tries to maintain its core position in the relations between major powers.

Generally speaking, the current relationship between major powers is characterized by benign interaction. If this situation can be maintained, the handling of hot issues will not get out of control, and the contradictions and differences between major powers will be dealt with more calmly and will not intensify.

Coordination, compromise and cooperation will become the main trend for some time.

———————————————————————————

This is the classroom discussion draft of the term homework, and the teacher's evaluation is not bad for your reference:)