Small and medium-sized rivers hydrological planning and design methods?

Rivers become the core of urban development, the core of the city construction to provide resources and carriers, its development directly restricts the level of urban evolution, affecting the development of urban layout, the formation of a fixed pattern of the city has a decisive role. At present, the source of funds for river management is mainly divided into two major ways: crowd funding and local financial support, and sufficient funds to lay the material foundation for river management. However, the problem of river management is still serious, in the management, because of the low quality of professional skills of the management personnel, the management of the concept of error and other subjective factors, resulting in a waste of investment in the management of the governance of the situation of poor governance results. In addition, people's utilization of water resources is low, wasteful phenomenon is common, which makes water conservancy governance more difficult.　　Professionals lack of global planning, the lack of theoretical knowledge of natural runoff and river flooding, no accurate location of the location of flood prevention, no concept of flood prevention. This project because of the knowledge of theory and practice deviation, river management work is difficult and long way to go. From a professional point of view, the staff skill level is low status quo serious, which causes the project efficiency is low, the project quality is poor. The construction of new water conservancy projects is a long way off, watching water resources being wasted, watching the ecosystem imbalance, river management task is urgent.　　For the current river basin management, management staff to improve the implementation of the management approach, unreasonable excavation, intentional destruction of the river, as well as mandatory encroachment on the river and other phenomena are endless, these irrational management caused by the existence of flood control safety risks. In some sections of the river can be clearly seen, the natural river section has the phenomenon of cutting and straightening, the phenomenon of protective masonry, etc., from the transient point of view of these initiatives on the river management has a protective effect, but from the long-term development of the river point of view, these protective behavior plays the opposite role, it is easy to lead to the channelization of the river, the direction of the flow of the multi-linear, which will make the wetland continue to decrease, the ecological balance has been destroyed, the harmony of man and nature has been seriously challenged. The harmony between man and nature is seriously challenged. In some small rivers, flood control and profitability are not closely integrated, river management requires the construction of berms, but the construction quality of these berms is poor and poor, blocking the water is serious, the riverbed residue can be seen all over the place, the riverbed buildup is obviously uplifted, and the water storage function of the river dams is weakening, which has laid the root of the safety hazards of the flood discharge and water storage.　　Second, the planning and design methods (a) flow pathway using water simulation method flow pathway on the hydrological data requirements, first of all, the hydrological station should always pay attention to the control area and the river confluence information collection, the area between the two is generally greater than the difference between the 30% within the control of the ratio can be used to control the traditional hydrological simulation method for water flow control. Secondly, the hydrological station itself should be equipped with a long series of flood data, generally this series should be greater than 30a. The data should be used to implement the "three sexes" audit, the consistency of the data, reliability, representativeness of the rigorous review of the data will be used in the actual river management. Finally, the construction equipment of the hydrological station, the history of hydrological station construction and station conditions for a detailed understanding. On top of this level of understanding, it is also necessary to carry out flood research, historical verification and series extension to supplement its representativeness. When the hydrological station data to meet the "three sex" requirements, the station can be designed for the flood route for the frequency of the appropriate line, the final flood parameters design results, the appropriate use of the area ratio index method will be collected information and parameter results of the design of the river cross-section. If there are hydrological stations both upstream and downstream, the flood data of these two stations can be compared and converted to calculate the river area ratio index, and if there are only upstream or downstream hydrological stations, the value can be taken according to the regional experience.　　(ii) rainstorm pathway using the same frequency composition method The river is affected by heavy rainfall, the river water is rising, many small and medium-sized rivers do not have a controlling hydrological station, so you can use the rainstorm pathway to deduce the design flood, this method is used in the hydrological station does not form a system to monitor the hydrological situation. General river geographic parameters to include the rain-bearing area, the length of the flow channel and the average specific fall of the river channel, these three elements to form a unified ratio, using a ratio of 1:50,000 to measure the calculation. Surface runoff formed in the storm is not included in the calculation scope, and the numerical calculation of catchment is generally calculated using the long-term and slow-moving underground catchment, so that the resulting values are more accurate. Storm pathway using instantaneous unit line method and reasoning formula method combined with the projection of flood values, storm parameters selected from the region's parameter atlas data, query a series of contour values such as storm values and C values. The selected area should be controlled within the range of values at the back of the river, preferably in a geometric location, and then interpolated the values according to the contour lines. When the watershed area is large, the collection of numerical calculations do not take into account the reservoir channel cross-section affectivity, only consider the regulation of the reservoir, when the watershed area is small and the reservoir storage capacity is large, can be appropriate to consider the impact of the value.　　Third, hydrological planning and design ideas construction (a) integrated planning, adhere to the unified development of man and nature River training, the key point is the grasp of the river relaxation degree, the berm has both the effectiveness of flood defense, but also in the dry season water storage. This is the embodiment of the successful grasp of the degree of relaxation, river management should be combined with the current actual environment, do a good job of river ecological protection measures, the integration of the main river basin and tributaries of the relationship between the river to the rational use of river water resources to play out the concept of river water resources, river water storage and drainage and river flood control and management of the river in a coordinated and orderly order of the river management problems, the connected dangers of coordinated processing. River management is a big project, the start of the project should be mobilized at the beginning of the funds, funding channels in addition to government grants, the public funds pooling, there are bank loans and other ways. As long as in the economic power to do enough to prepare, can open the project, once the project started should be continued until the completion of the project, can not appear halfway, which on the whole water resources utilization as well as socio-economic benefits to improve the role of promotion.　　(B) focus on protection, taking into account the general In the river management should comply with a principle: flood prevention and flood control combined, the start of the management program, should focus on the flooding pattern and river flow dynamics, the upcoming safety hazards, so as to anticipate in advance. The work needs to be carried out with the cooperation of the Land Bureau and the Land Planning Bureau to put river management on the agenda and to transform and improve it according to the set goals. River management and business management is consistent with the reasoning, river management must focus on the management of integrated, look to the future, expand the vision, from the long-term interests of thinking about the integration of local interests, in order to drive the foundation for economic development. Focus on the details of river management, optimize the program to ensure that the management of the work carried out in a comprehensive and harmonious manner. High standards for themselves, to ensure the smooth progress of the project, to ensure that the quality of the project quality. The project is a people's livelihood project, and its formation and improvement has a driving effect on the improvement of national living standards and quality of life. At the same time, it can also promote the social and economic level, can promote the modernization and development process. Therefore, it is necessary to pay close attention to the quality of work, which is the key to the governance of the river.　　(C) unified planning and development goals Social development needs unity, economic development needs unity, unity is the basis for harmonious development. River governance and development also need unity, unified planning, unified construction goals. In the planning to develop a comprehensive river governance program, the program involves governance methods, governance effects, response measures, governance effectiveness and so on. Integrate the independent planning into the overall planning, divide the key projects, and use the method of combining points and lines to check and improve the river. The program is subdivided into each link and each step. Small and medium-sized river management should highlight its holistic nature, take governance as the standard and ecological harmony as the goal, and put the remediation work into practice efficiently.　　Both the symptoms and the root causes become one of the ways to control river pollution, the way in the urban economic development, has a role in promoting the urban evolution depends on the river, the process of urban modernization needs to be driven by the river. Therefore, the degree of water quality of rivers will directly affect the quality of people's lives. From the ecological environment harmonious and unified development direction, the urban river should be isolated from industrial sewage and sewage channel, if the urban river as a water source pollution acceptance, which is a serious threat to the balance of the urban environment. River management should address both the symptoms and the root causes of the problem, and we should coordinate planning, accelerate the construction of interception of sewage projects, and find a way out of the river management. The management of urban rivers should take into account the unity of upstream and downstream, and the correspondence between left and right banks. Relying on the overall development provisions for remediation, which can improve the effectiveness of governance.　　Conclusion The most critical point of the construction of the small river basin is to integrate the development, merge the left and right bank management, and establish the transition relationship between upstream and downstream. River management needs scientific theory to guide, in the face of river management problems, water conservancy personnel should learn water conservancy knowledge in a timely manner, and constantly improve their professional level, and constantly improve themselves. Control rivers with scientific management system. In order to maintain the stable development of society, in order to realize the improvement of social and economic level, the river management process can not be delayed. Every citizen has the responsibility and obligation to participate in the water conservancy business management, for the establishment of the ecological environment to dedicate their strength. Carry forward the work style of serving people, and practically put the work into practice.

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