Development of Maersk Logistics in China

The process of logistics development in China is closely related to reform, opening up and modernization. Since the concept of "logistics" was introduced to China in the late 1970s, it has experienced nearly 20 years of brewing and enlightenment. In the second half of 1990s, under the strong impetus of reform, opening up and modernization, with the rapid development of information technology and the large number of multinational companies, modern logistics began to be popularized and applied in economic life, and attracted wide attention from all walks of life. In the first year of the new century, that is, 200 1, with the development of the logistics industry entering the tenth five-year plan, six ministries and commissions issued the first "Several Opinions on Accelerating the Development of Logistics" and the first national logistics industry association was established. The promulgation and implementation of "Logistics Terminology", the establishment of the first logistics demonstration base and the vigorous promotion of logistics planning and construction in various places are the signs, which are called the "first year" of logistics development in China.

2002 is the first year for China to join the WTO, and it is also a year for China's logistics to make great progress. In 2002, on the basis of continuous "warming up", China logistics showed a new development trend: rational thinking was added to the "hype" of basic concepts; In theoretical exploration, the weight of practical operation is increased; The government, enterprises and trade associations are all looking for their own roles and have made substantial progress in theory and practice. Many experts pointed out that 2002 will be a turning point from "retreat" to "pragmatism", and it will be written into the history of logistics development in China. This year's China logistics has the following characteristics:

First, new steps have been taken in opening up.

Mainly in three aspects: First, many multinational companies set up procurement centers in China. Wal-Mart is one of the top 500 enterprises in the world. In 2002, the company decided to move the global procurement office (procurement center) from Hong Kong to Shenzhen. At present, Wal-Mart has opened more than 20 branches in China, 7 of which are in Shenzhen. Wal-Mart directly or indirectly purchased more than US$ 654.38+0.2 billion of China goods and distributed them all over the world. In the same year, Unilever, a global daily chemical giant, also established a global procurement center in Shanghai. It is estimated that the export volume of Unilever China will exceed 500 million US dollars in the next five years. Second, internationally renowned logistics companies have accelerated the establishment of networks in China. For example, Maersk Logistics Company won Dalian, China in 2002? P Nanjing? P Ningbo? P Business licenses for five branches in Chongqing and Chengdu. Up to now, * * * owns 14 branches and two representative offices. It is by far the largest foreign logistics provider in China, and its network layout has formed a huge network. As the largest Japanese liner shipping company, NYK has four branches in China, and applied to open Tianjin branch and Lianyungang, Wuhan and Chongqing offices. At present, Exel has 15 business fields in China, with more than 800 employees and diversified clients, from technology companies to companies in the fields of automobiles, consumer goods, retail, medical supplies and equipment. Third, Sino-foreign joint venture logistics projects have developed rapidly. For example, Shanghai Airlines, Hitachi Logistics Company and Hongkong Zheng Da Shipping Company set up modern logistics enterprises in Shanghai. Shanghai Volkswagen Sagawa Express, a joint venture logistics enterprise approved by the Ministry of Communications, was formally established, with Volkswagen Transport holding 5 1%. The Ministry of Communications approved the application of Xiamen Xiangyu Bonded Area Huijian Wharf Co., Ltd. for handling, warehousing and transit of international container ports at sea. In 2002, China's foreign investment exceeded US$ 50 billion, making it the country that absorbed the most foreign investment in the world, among which the logistics field is one of the most interesting areas for foreign investment. At present, the entry of foreign capital mainly competes with the high-end market, that is, the customer demand of multinational companies and international logistics business, and at the same time brings technology, management, capital and talents to China.

Second, manufacturing and commerce have become the protagonists of domestic logistics development.

The degree of logistics specialization in China is low, and more than 80% of logistics is completed by enterprises themselves, so the development of enterprise logistics has become a key factor to determine the level of logistics in China. In 2002, under the influence of accelerating economic restructuring and participating in international competition, the manufacturing industry accelerated the process of modernization driven by informationization, the commerce industry accelerated the pace of chain distribution and e-commerce, and the logistics of industrial and commercial enterprises was vigorous and solid. For example, Chunlan Group has established a global procurement and supply network system. After that, we will not only publish procurement information and bidding projects on our own professional network, but also open the supply system to global manufacturers through the procurement supply network. SAIC, Shanghai Automobile Industry Sales Corporation and Tiandi Logistics Holding Company jointly established Anji Tiandi Automobile Logistics Co., Ltd. ... The logistics company has a total investment of 495,654.38 million US dollars and a registered capital of 30 million US dollars. Shanghai Hualian Supermarket Logistics Company invested by Hualian Supermarket was established in the middle of the year, with Shanghai as the center and five modern networked distribution centers in Shanghai, Nanjing and Beijing, initially forming a national distribution framework and distributing it to nearly 1,000 retail stores. The State Tobacco Monopoly Bureau plans to implement industry integration around 1 year, build a national distribution system, and realize the integration of online sales. At the same time, accelerate the pace of entering the international market and realize large-scale export. First of all, the 1 1 provincial capital city network construction linkage project was launched and piloted in Shanghai, which has achieved initial results. In addition, Lenovo Group, FAW Group, Baosteel, Haier, Tsingtao Brewery and many other manufacturing enterprises and commercial enterprises have launched new logistics transformation projects. The logistics projects of industrial and commercial enterprises are large in scale, wide in scope and obvious in benefits, and they have become the protagonists of the logistics market in China in 2002, which contains extremely rich successful experiences.

Third, domestic third-party logistics enterprises have developed steadily.

According to the survey of China Federation of Logistics and Purchasing and Mercer, there are only a few third-party logistics enterprises in China that truly conform to the modern logistics model, accounting for less than 2% of the domestic logistics market, so it takes a long process to develop third-party logistics. Compared with 200 1, the voice of developing third-party logistics is more rational and steady. Mainly in two aspects:

On the one hand, the traditional large-scale state-owned transportation and warehousing enterprises implement asset reorganization and process reengineering, and transform into third-party logistics enterprises. Such as COSCO Group, Sinotrans, China Storage Group, China Shipping Logistics, CIMC, etc. These large state-owned enterprises have taken three paths. First, the overall transformation and upgrading into a logistics enterprise. The second is to integrate internal logistics resources and set up logistics companies; Third, establish Sino-foreign joint ventures or domestic joint-stock logistics companies with foreign or domestic legal persons. The most influential example in 2002 was the establishment of six groups after the reorganization of civil aviation assets in China, which was decoupled from the General Administration of Civil Aviation. On this basis, China International Airlines, CITIC Pacific and Beijing Capital Airport jointly invested to form a large freight company. With a registered capital of 2.2 billion yuan, the joint venture company will have four Boeing 747 cargo planes with about 1.200 employees, which can fly to 29 cities in 19 countries, including new york, Frankfurt and Osaka. The newly established company is named "Air China Cargo Airlines Co., Ltd.", which is expected to become the largest air cargo company in the mainland at present. In addition, China Logistics Company, a subsidiary of Chengtong Group, officially entered the market as a powerful third-party logistics enterprise. China Railway Materials Corporation, the largest material circulation enterprise in China railway system, and six domestic units jointly initiated the establishment of China Railway Modern Logistics Technology Co., Ltd., with a total share capital of 65,438+065,438+08,590,000 shares. At present, branches have been set up in 10 big cities nationwide, and 19 regional distribution centers and 2 18 cooperative distribution centers have been established. At the beginning of 2003, the establishment of China Post Logistics Company marked the birth of the logistics company with the widest network coverage in China.

On the other hand, private logistics companies are also expanding and developing steadily. For example, Suzhou Baogong Logistics Base invested by the famous Baogong Logistics Enterprise Group was completed and put into operation before the end of the year. The base is located in Guoxiang Town, Wuzhong District, Suzhou City, with a planned total land area of about 400 mu, and the first-phase construction land is 1 15 mu. Baogong Group plans to build another large-scale sales base in Guangdong. Another private logistics company, Ande Logistics Company, has developed rapidly in recent years, and established a fourth-party logistics company to provide logistics scheme design and supply chain management services. There are many private logistics companies like this, such as Southern Logistics and Daejeon Logistics. Their common characteristics are pragmatic, steady and full of vitality.

Fourth, new achievements have been made in logistics informatization and standardization.

Informatization is the main feature of modern logistics, and the extensive use of information technology to transform traditional business is the main content of developing modern logistics. During the implementation of "E-government Year" in 2002, relevant government departments also played an active role in promoting logistics informatization.

The Ministry of Science and Technology has decided to develop e-commerce as a key research technology, among which the development of modern logistics informatization is one of the key support contents. On this basis, nine cities were identified as the first batch of pilot cities of the national intelligent transportation system application demonstration project, namely Shanghai, Tianjin, Chongqing, Jinan, Qingdao, Guangzhou, Zhongshan, Shenzhen and Hangzhou. The first battle of the "Electronic Port Project" of the General Administration of Customs was successful, and the Shanghai Port Data Center was officially put into operation, which provided excellent technical support for the sustainable development of the Shanghai Grand Customs Clearance Project. It takes only 50 minutes for the finished products exported from Shanghai port to pass paperless customs clearance, and the fastest time is 30 minutes; The speed of import declaration is shortened to 15 minutes, and some materials even reach 6 minutes. In fact, this is a successful "public logistics information platform", which not only improves the efficiency of customs clearance, but also greatly promotes the integration of logistics information and process norms. In the same year, the information systems of a number of ports such as Beijing, Guangzhou and Manzhouli were also successful. Logistics informatization started from foreign trade, and was also caused by the active promotion of "joining WTO" and "connecting with the world". Another influential event was that the China Federation of Logistics and Purchasing held the first outstanding case selection activity of logistics and purchasing informatization. This activity selected 16 excellent cases of logistics and procurement informatization from manufacturing enterprises, commercial enterprises and third-party logistics enterprises based on application benefits, process transformation and standardization achievements, and achieved good social effects. At the same time, the IT community also pays more attention to the field of logistics. CCID Group and Computerworld both made special investigations on the logistics information system market, which promoted the development of logistics informatization.

At present, the application level of logistics informatization is uneven. According to the survey of China Logistics Information Center, 80% of logistics information systems are based on existing processes, such as information collection, sharing and feedback. 15% of logistics information systems involve process transformation and optimization in the operation process or can provide optimized operation schemes; Only less than 5% of logistics information systems have the supply chain management function of business collaboration among enterprises. This application structure reflects that the modernization and informatization of enterprise management in China are still in the primary stage, and the demand is still in the primary level. There is still a lot of work to be done in the basic information construction. We advocate that logistics informatization should be pragmatic and solve the problems that enterprises need to solve urgently.

Standardization construction is another basic work to develop modern logistics. At present, it has attracted great attention from the government, enterprises and experts, and organized institutions and teams to carry out basic research and achieved tangible results. For example, in 2002, the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine officially promulgated two national standards, namely, Specification for Electronic Trading of Bulk Commodities and Specification for Digital Warehouse Application System, which are concrete progress. These two national standards have been officially implemented in China since September 1 2002. At the end of the year, the Ministry of Communications issued eight industry standards on port management information system and data dictionary. In addition, relevant government departments and industry associations are preparing to set up a national logistics standardization technical committee, and unite the whole society to speed up the standardization construction. At the same time, some local governments also attach great importance to standardization. For example, the Guangdong Provincial Government forwarded the Opinions of the Provincial Bureau of Quality and Technical Supervision on Accelerating the Standardization of Modern Circulation Industry in our province, and proposed to improve the construction of the circulation industry standard system; Strengthen information standardization in circulation industry; Accelerate the wide application of commodity bar codes; Increase capital investment and support for logistics standardization.

Fifth, the standardization of logistics education and the steady deepening of theoretical research.

Talent is the foundation of an industry development, and the development of logistics is bound to be accompanied by the development of logistics talent education and training. In 2002, logistics education and on-the-job training made great progress.

I hope it helps you.