Traditional Culture Encyclopedia - Traditional virtues - Where to recruit carving apprenticeship, individuals want to learn the art of apprenticeship.
Where to recruit carving apprenticeship, individuals want to learn the art of apprenticeship.
The nine brothers and eighteen craftsmen is the Chinese folk of the folk artisans who make a living by their crafts a collective name. In Chinese folk, there are a lot of craftsmen, they go to the countryside, with their own craft services to the villagers, these artists handmade technology and the villagers' daily life is closely related to the gold and silver jewelry worn by women to the pots and pans used by everyone involved in every aspect of life, it can be said that the craftsmen rely on the villagers to serve the villagers to make a living, the villagers can not do without the craftsmen's services. Over time, the townspeople have collectively called these craftsmen 18 craftsmen, and in some places they have even made up songs to celebrate them. As for the nine eighteen craftsmen specifically what industries, slightly different from each other, not the same, but the great supreme almost, the following is a representative of several of the nine eighteen craftsmen of different interpretations and present to you: in Jiangxi, there are nine eighteen craftsmen, get rich by "three tanks" said: the old folk craftsmen have" Shaved head, foot picker, knot pig man, mending pots, washing mill man, ferry man, pig killer, fishing man, playing unity man; goldsmith, silversmith, coppersmith, blacksmith, tinsmith, stonemasons, carpenters, painters, carvers, bombsmiths, dyeing makers, leather makers, wine makers, tilesmiths, kilnsmiths, squeezing, gimps, gabbardine, masonry". Dyeing pots, sauce pots and wine pots are called "three pots". In the old days in Hunan Province, Changde folk traveling craftsmen, commonly known as "nine eighteen craftsmen". Eighteen craftsmen according to its order, the song is: "gold, silver, copper, iron and tin, rock and wood carving tiles and paint, gabion umbrella dyeing decolletage, shaving and playing flower crystal." There are rules between the craftsmen, craftsmen eat together, according to the eighteen craftsmen in order of seating, not to overstep. When working in the employer's house, when the project entered a certain stage or served a particular person, a ceremony was held and hymns were sung, and the employer was required to give the employer a red packet. Such as tailor "open cut", rock mason "stepped on the bridge", shaver to the groom's hair or for the baby to shave the lanugo, have a ceremony, and sing praises. Carpenters, masons in the process of building a particularly large number of ceremonies, singing hymns and more opportunities and types, such as starting the song, on the beam song, open the beam mouth song, the new house completion song, and so on. This custom still exists in the countryside. Craftsmen in Changde's urban and rural areas emphasize the worship of their masters and ancestors. Therefore, in the old days, craftsmen of all trades had their own temples and dates of worship for their masters. These masters, some actually have their own people, some out of attachment and reliance, some from myth. Such as goldsmiths, silversmiths, coppersmiths, master ancestor for Lv Dongbin, sacrifice time on the 14th day of the fourth month of the lunar calendar, the location of Lv Zu Temple; blacksmiths, tinsmiths, master ancestor Li Laojun, sacrifice time on the 15th of February, the location of Laojun Hall; rock craftsmen, carpenters, carvers, tilesmiths, decoupling craftsmen master ancestor for the Luban, the time of the festival Lunar New Year's Day 20, the location of the Lu Sheng Palace; and so on. The day of the festival, each person to pay "incense money", dressed neatly, in the morning, led by the head of the human ancestor of the temple salute, held a banquet in the afternoon. After the founding of New China, this custom was gradually abolished, and now no longer exists. In Hubei Province, Shinyang nine eighteen craftsmen refers to "gold, silver, copper, iron and tin, wood tile kiln stone paint, carving and painting baked cover (sound) gabion silk dyeing, thatched bomb pick ho skin" twenty-two lines. In the old days of China, both the Lao and the craftsmen refer to craftsmen with specialized skills, craftsmen holding a skill, independent business. There were fewer stores, and most of them operated on a mobile basis or as laborers. "They are "busy farming and earn money in their spare time". Walking around the countryside, commonly known as "do the work", the owner in addition to food and drink, another payment, so there is a "dry starvation craftsmen" said. Specific living conditions, the formation of "art is not lightly passed on" custom. The conditions for passing on the art are harsh, and it is very difficult to learn the art. If there is a unique skill, it can only be passed down from family to family, not to outsiders. In some cases, it is stipulated that the skills should be passed on to men but not to women, which is called the "family division". To learn from a master, you must first seek a master, that is, ask friends and relatives to make a deal, and then recognize the master after obtaining consent. Recognize the master, by the parents of the learner to organize a banquet, invite the master to the home, accompanied by intermediaries, negotiated learning conditions, and then to the master's home to pay homage to the master: to the industry of the master's tablets to perform a great salute, and then pay homage to the master, and finally pay homage to the master's wife. One day of the master, lifelong father, master and disciple as father and son, the master's children to brother and sister. Three years from the master, the master generally only care about food and clothing, do not pay wages. Participating in the master is more popular in some handicraft industry. The so-called teacher, that is, after the completion of the apprenticeship period, with the master outside the work of 1 year, to take part of the wages, and the rest left to the master, in order to express the grace of the teachings. There is also a little bit of the original craft people to learn from the master of the art is called to participate in the master. In the handicraft industry, there are rituals every year. All over the Lu Ban Temple, Zhang Fei Temple, are the gathering place of worship. Each industry has its own patriarch, wood and tile work to Lu Ban, sewing to Xuanyuan, gold, silver, copper, iron and tin to Taishang Laojun, slaughter industry to Zhang Fei as the grandmaster. Once a year to get together, the first sacrifice to the patriarch, and then set up a banquet and drink a meal. Between the members of this industry, or between the industry during the year disputes, can be resolved at this time. Those who are opening for the first time are required to explain to the attendees and enlist the support of their fellow tradesmen. Republic of China period, industry-based formation of various types of trade associations, "festival" content increased, such as adjusting the price of work, or on the then-excessive taxes to raise objections and so on. This kind of private self-organization has continued until after the liberation. In these handicraft industries there are some leaders, they are no longer satisfied with the traditional way of doing business, but into the towns and cities to open workshops and stores, to create their own unique brand, such as the famous Wuhan three towns Cao Zhengxing kitchen knives, Gao Hongtai gongs, and in China have a great deal of popularity in Zhang Xiaoquan scissors is also a typical representative. The Nine Brothers and Eighteen Craftsmen are not only Chinese folk artists, they are also the accumulation of thousands of years of Chinese culture. There are many folk stories about the Nine Brothers and Eighteen Craftsmen in Chinese folklore, and they and the craftsmanship of these artisans are the same as the valuable wealth of Chinese traditional culture. At the same time, we must also see that these craftsmen in the impact of modern industry, business is difficult, not in the past glory, and some are even in the extinction of the situation, to rescue these industries, has been a pressing task. Now in some places of knowledge, in this regard has made a successful precedent, they not only make these traditional crafts to be inherited, more to carry forward, and some have even gone out of the country, known around the world. Such as Chinese stonemasons playing stone lions have been exported to Southeast Asian countries. Such as in Hubei Province, Huangpi, Huangpi Cultural Park, they have established a special performance of Huangpi "nine eighteen craftsmen," the theme of the lifestyle of the cultural plaza in order to show the world the unique charm of the folk craftsmen.
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