What are the three basic elements of architecture?

Three basic elements of architecture: architectural function, architectural technology and architectural artistic image.

1, architectural function is the most important factor among the three elements of architecture. People always build houses to meet specific purposes and use requirements, which is called function in architecture. Because of the different uses of various buildings, different buildings have appeared. For example, the teaching building meets the needs of teaching activities and the industrial workshop meets the requirements of production.

Architectural functions often have a direct impact on the structural materials, plane space composition, spatial scale and architectural image of buildings. In addition, with the development of society and the improvement of material and cultural level, the architectural functions of various buildings will have different requirements.

2. Architectural technology includes various knowledge, including overall planning, external design, internal design, construction technology and structural design. For example, landscape design, architectural design, interior design, manual excavation technology and mechanical excavation technology. With the continuous development of material technology, various new materials are constantly emerging, which provides material guarantee for building houses with different structural forms.

3. The architectural image should include the combination of the external form and internal space of the building, including the color and texture of the surface, including the comprehensive artistic effect of the decorative treatment of various parts of the building. Architectural image can give people great appeal and spiritual satisfaction and enjoyment, such as kindness and solemnity, simplicity and luxury, beauty and grandeur.

Extended data:

Buildings are classified according to the number of floors or the total height. The number of floors refers to the natural number of floors of the building, which is generally calculated by the indoor floors above 0; If the lighting window is in the semi-basement above the outdoor terrace, and the indoor floor height is above 2.20m (excluding 2.20m), the natural floor number shall be calculated. False floors, attached floors (mezzanines), mezzanines, attics, decorative towers, stairwells and water tank rooms protruding from the roof are not included. The total number of floors of a house is the sum of the upper and lower floors of the house.

Houses are divided into low-rise houses (1 ~ 3 floors), multi-storey houses (4 ~ 6 floors), medium-high-rise houses (7 ~ 9 floors) and high-rise houses (10 floors and above). Public buildings and comprehensive buildings with a total height of more than 24m are high-rise buildings, but single-storey buildings with a total height of more than 24m are not included. The total height of a building exceeds lOOm, whether it is a residential building, a public building or a comprehensive building, it is called a super high-rise building.

1. Brick-wood structure building: The main load-bearing components of this kind of building are bricks and wood, in which the walls and columns of vertical load-bearing components are bricks, and the floors and roof trusses of horizontal load-bearing components are wood. The floors of such buildings are generally lower, generally below 3 floors. Ancient buildings and buildings in the fifties and sixties are mostly of this kind.

2. Brick-concrete structure buildings: The vertical load-bearing components of such buildings are brick walls or brick columns, and the horizontal load-bearing components are reinforced concrete floors and roof panels, including a few roofs with wooden frames. Generally, this kind of building has less than 6 floors, which has low cost and poor seismic capacity, and the width, depth and height of the building are limited.

3. Reinforced concrete structure buildings: load-bearing components of such buildings, such as beams, slabs, columns, walls, roof trusses, etc. It consists of two main materials: steel bar and concrete. Its enclosure components, such as walls and partitions, are made of lightweight bricks or other masonry. It is characterized by strong structural adaptability, good earthquake resistance and durability. The types of reinforced concrete buildings are frame structure, frame shear wall structure, shear wall structure, tube structure, frame tube structure and tube-in-tube structure.

4. Steel structure building: The main load-bearing components of this kind of building are all made of steel, which has a high cost and is mostly used in multi-storey public buildings or buildings with large spans.

Baidu encyclopedia-construction

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