Agricultural machinery Daquan Agricultural machinery what agricultural machinery and equipment classification

Agricultural machinery, agricultural machinery which agricultural machinery and equipment classification

Classification standards

Agricultural machinery is generally categorized by use. Most of these machines are specially designed and manufactured according to the characteristics of agriculture and the special requirements of various operations, such as soil tillage machinery, planting and fertilization machinery, plant protection machinery, crop harvesting machinery, animal husbandry machinery, as well as agricultural processing machinery. Another part of the agricultural machinery is common with other industries, according to the characteristics of agriculture and the need for direct selection, such as agricultural power machinery, farm irrigation and drainage machinery pumps, etc.; or according to the characteristics of agriculture and the need to design these machines into agricultural variants, such as agricultural transport machinery in the agricultural car, trailer and farm construction machinery in the soil, stone machinery, etc..

Agricultural machinery can also be used according to the power and its supporting mode of classification. Agricultural machinery application of power can be divided into two parts: part of the walking or moving agricultural machinery, according to which can be divided into manpower (handheld, backpack, chest and push and pull), animal traction, tractor traction and power self-propelled and other types; another part of the drive for the working parts of agricultural machinery, according to which can be divided into manpower (hand-cranked, pedal, etc.) drive, animal power drive, electromechanical power drive (the use of internal combustion engines, wind machines, electric motors, etc.) and tractors , electric motor, etc.) and tractor drive and other types. In the same agricultural machinery, these two parts can use the same or different power. According to the agricultural machinery and tractor supporting mode, can be divided into traction, suspension and semi-suspension and other types.

According to the mode of operation, agricultural machinery can be divided into walking operation and fixed operation of two categories. In the walking operation of agricultural machinery, there are in the continuous process of continuous walking operation and traveling and operation process alternating intermittent walking type two categories. In the fixed operation of agricultural machinery, there are in the non-operational state can be transferred to the operating location of the movable and operating location is always fixed immovable two categories.

According to the place of operation, agricultural machinery is divided into field operation (field, pasture and orchard, etc.), field and yard operation, indoor operation (plant, machine shop, warehouse, greenhouse and livestock house, etc.), water or water operation (rivers, channels, reservoirs and wells, etc.), road operation and air operation and other types.

Mechanical power

Machinery to provide power for a variety of agricultural machinery and agricultural facilities. Agricultural power machinery are mainly internal combustion engines and tractors equipped with internal combustion engines, as well as electric motors, wind turbines, water turbines and a variety of small generator sets. Diesel engines have the advantages of high thermal efficiency, good fuel economy, reliable operation and good fire safety, and are most widely used in agricultural internal combustion engines and tractors. Gasoline engine is characterized by lightweight, low-temperature starting performance and smooth running, mostly used in small agricultural machinery, such as rice transplanter, backpack motorized plant protection machinery and tea plucking machine.

According to the regional fuel supply situation, can also be adapted to the use of natural gas, petroleum gas, liquefied petroleum gas and furnace gas as fuel gas engine. Diesel and gasoline engines can also be modified to burn gas and other gaseous fuels, or into a gas-fired and diesel-ignited dual-fuel internal combustion engine, as agricultural power machinery.

Most electric motors are used to drive fixed or indoor operation of various agricultural machinery, such as agricultural processing machinery and water pumps, as well as greenhouses, warehouses, livestock houses in a variety of operating machinery. In areas with water or wind power resources, wind turbines and turbines to drive a variety of fixed operations machinery can save petroleum fuel, equipped with a water lifting device wind turbines can be provided for the grasslands and pastoral areas of human and animal water. Small-scale generator sets made up of internal combustion engines, wind or water turbines and generators can provide remote areas with electricity for agricultural production and rural life. Solar energy and biogas produced by utilizing rural waste materials can also provide electricity through solar power generators, biogas generator sets, and biogas-diesel dual-fuel generator sets.

Construction machinery

Farmland construction machinery is used for leveling land, building terraces and paddies, digging ditches, laying pipes and drilling wells and other construction machinery for farmland construction. Among them, bulldozers, graders, scrapers, excavators (see excavation machinery), loaders (see single bucket loader) and rock drills and other earth, stone machinery, and road and construction works with the same kind of machinery is basically the same, but most of them (except rock drills) and agricultural tractors supporting the use of convenient hook-ups to improve the utilization of power. Other farmland construction machinery are mainly furrowing machines, ratoon plows, shovel throwing machine, water well drilling machine.

Shaar furrowing machine

It's working part is a plow with plowshare type soil cutting parts of the furrowing plow body, drawn by the tractor, a trip can be completed furrowing operations, high productivity, but the traction resistance is large, to be used with high-power tractor supporting the smaller furrow excavation operations.

Rotary ditching machine

With the rotating milling and throwing disk milling and throwing soil, can be used with medium-power tractor supporting the completion of the ditching operation by one or more trips. Its operating speed is low, generally 50 to 400 meters / hour, and thus supporting the tractor needs to be equipped with or additional ultra-low-speed gear, the amount of energy consumption of the unit of soil is greater than the share type ditching machine. It is suitable for large ditch excavation operations.

Mouse Road Plow

The working part is similar to the cannonball-shaped cone-end cylinder, with columns and traction devices, drawn by the tractor in the farmland to dig drainage culverts.

Trenching and pipe burying machine

Can complete the operation of trenching, pipe burying, mulching and compaction in one trip.

Shovel Thrower

The soil is shoveled up by the excavating shovel and sent to the throwing part, the rotating disc type with the throwing plate or the upward inclined ring tape type throwing part throws the soil horizontally to the side, and the distance of throwing can be up to 15-18 meters, which can be used for building terraced fields and digging trenches, etc. The machine can also be used for the earth moving work.

Water well drilling rig

There are rotary, impact and composite 3 categories. Rotary type is more widely used, it consists of drilling device and circulating well washing device two parts. The drilling device includes the turntable, drill pipe, drill bit and driving device, and different drill bits can be selected according to different rock formations. Circulation washing device is used to discharge the rock chips out of the well while drilling, and different types can be selected according to the needs. Impact drilling rig is to make the up and down reciprocating motion of the drill bit to impact and break the rock formation, can be used for drilling operations in hard rock formations and pebble formations, but the removal of rock cuttings can not be carried out at the same time with the drilling, and thus the efficiency is low, generally used for shallow wells of 250 meters or less. Compound drilling rig is installed with impact mechanism on rotary drilling rig, mainly rotary drilling, when encountering pebble layer with impact drilling through, so it is more adaptable.

Shoveling and throwing machine

Can continuous shoveling and lateral throwing soil farmland construction machinery. It is used for building terraces, digging ditches and other operations. According to the type of the working part of the soil throwing disc type and belt type two kinds.

Disc type shoveling machine according to its configuration in the position of the tractor has two types of front and rear. Front-mounted shoveling machine can open the road by itself, the ability to adapt to the complex terrain is stronger. However, the structure is more complicated, throw out the soil flow affects the driver's field of vision, and make the operating conditions deteriorate, mostly used for building steep slopes terraces and open construction of mountain passes. Rear-mounted shovel thrower has simple structure and better operating conditions, but it has poor adaptability to steep slopes, cannot open the road by itself, and is mostly used for building terraces on gentle slopes. Generally by the frame, starting shovel, arc-shaped soil collection plate, throwing disk and transmission device and other components (Figure 1). When operating, the shovel blade and the ground into 15 ° ~ 35 ° cut soil angle line, the soil shovel up, and set to throw the soil disk below the arc-shaped soil collection plate. The soil throwing disk is driven to rotate by the tractor power output shaft through the universal shaft and gearbox, and under the action of the soil throwing blade on the disk and the centrifugal force of the disk rotation, the soil on the soil collecting plate is thrown out along the tangential direction. The linear speed of the end of the blade is 8-14 m/s, and the distance of soil throwing is 5-15 meters. The direction of rotation of the soil-throwing disk can be changed, so that the back and forth stroke are thrown in the same direction. The structure of this machinery is compact, low cost, but the impact load is larger when throwing soil. Shovel throwing unit volume of earth power consumption of 0.1 ~ 0.2 kWh / meter.

The belt-type shovel throwing machine hanging in the rear of the tractor, by the soil shovel, longitudinal lifting chain, transverse throwing tape and frame, transmission device (Figure 2). The driving wheels of the lifting chain and throwing tape are driven by the tractor power output shaft. During operation, the soil shoveled by the soil shovel is transported to the transverse soil-throwing tape through the longitudinal chain of chain plate inclined upward, and the soil-throwing tape transports the soil transversely at an adjustable linear speed of 7-15 m/s and throws it out at an angle of 50° on one side. The maximum throwing distance is 10-18 meters. This machinery is more adaptable to a variety of soils, the impact load of the soil-throwing parts is small, the soil is more concentrated, the comprehensive utilization of performance is good; by local modification can also be used as potato harvester and field machine.

Tillage machinery

Soil basic tillage machinery used for soil tilling, loose broken or deep pine, broken soil used in machinery, including birch plows, disc plows, chisel plows and rotary tillers.

Share plow

The most commonly used machine for soil cultivation. Its main working part is the plow body composed of plowshare, plow wall and so on. Plowshare and plow wall working surface for the continuous, smooth surface of the plow body, its shape and parameters according to different soil and tillage requirements selected, and with the unit's travel speed. Different plow body surface has different roles of turning soil, loosening soil, crushing soil and covering weed stubble. Figure 1 is a six-share plow for suspended paddy fields in the South China series of share plows. the emergence of the amplitude adjustment plow in the early 80's is a big breakthrough in the traditional structure of share plows. The degree of amplitude adjustment of the plow varies by changing the size of the angle between the main beam and the forward direction of the machine, in order to adapt to the different resistance when plowing in various soil conditions. Bidirectional plow is a special form of the plowshare, with a left turn and right turn two groups of plow body (ordinary plowshare are used right turn plow body), or with the turn over the direction of a group of plow body can be changed, so that the plow in the plow back and forth trip to the same side of the turn over the soil, plowing the surface of the ground does not leave ridges. This kind of plow is often used in slope land, irrigation land, small pieces of land and irregularly shaped plots of plowing operations.

Disc Plow

The working part of the disc plow is a concave disc with an inclination angle of about 20° with the plumb surface and an offset angle of 40°~50° with the forward direction. During operation, the disk rotates forward under the action of soil reaction force, and the soil district cut down by the disk edge rises along the concave surface and turns over to fall. The disc plow can cut dry and hard soil clods, cut grass roots and small tree roots. It is suitable for stony, grassy and wet sticky soils as well as high yielding green manure fields after straw return tillage operation, but in general soil conditions, its soil turning, crushing and mulching performance are not as good as the share plow.

Chisel plow

It's working part is 1~3 rows of chisel-shaped loosening shovels with rigid shovel columns, loosening the soil when plowing without turning the soil layer, leaving stubble on the surface of the ground after plowing to cover the surface, which can reduce soil erosion, and it is suitable for the basic plowing of soil in the areas of drought, rocky and serious soil erosion. The depth of plowing is generally 30 centimeters, and the maximum depth of plowing can reach 45 to 75 centimeters when used for soil improvement in arid land.

Rotary tiller

Working parts of the rotary tillage knife roll is in a horizontal horizontal horizontal axis according to the multi-threaded uniform configuration of a set of soil-cutting blade, driven by the tractor power output shaft through the transmission device, rotary cutting and crushed soil, a job can be achieved in a seed bed preparation requirements. It is mainly used for plowing of paddy fields, vegetable fields and orchards. Topsoil tillage machinery Topsoil tillage machinery includes disc harrow, spiked harrow, suppressor and tiller.

Disc harrow

Concave discs arranged in groups are configured. The plane of the disc's edge is perpendicular to the ground and at an oblique angle to the forward direction (operational state). It is used for such operations as soil leveling after plowing, shallow plowing and stubble removal after harvesting, and soil loosening and weeding in orchards.

Spike tine harrow

The working parts are a number of rows of spikes configured in the harrow frame at equal spacing and intervals, which can be used for loosening and crushing the soil after plowing, breaking the hard shell formed on the surface after rain and weeding during the seedling stage of the crop, and other operations.

Water harrow

By the disc harrow group, notched disc harrow group, star harrow group and rolling roller and other working parts configured before and after, used for paddy fields after plowing and turning the broken soil, leveling operations. According to the different areas and soil conditions, these working parts can be combined into different forms of paddy harrow.

Suppressor

Used for harrowing or sowing after the surface layer of broken soil and compaction operations, the working part of the suppression wheel. Suppression wheels are cylindrical, ring-shaped or V-shaped, etc., when working on the axle of the live set.

Middle tiller

Used for loosening, weeding, furrowing and cultivating during the growing period of crops, the commonly used working parts are weeding shovels, loosening shovels, general-purpose shovels and soil cultivators. Fertilizer application device can be added to the mid-tiller to apply fertilizer at the same time of mid-tillage and weeding. The rice field can be plowed with a manpower hand-pushed tine roller type water field tiller, or a power-driven weeding wheel type water field tiller.

Combined machinery

Combined tillage machinery is capable of performing basic tillage of the soil and topsoil tillage - plowing and harrowing - in a single pass. Its form can be a combination of two different implements, such as share plow - nail tooth harrow, share plow - rotary tiller, etc.; can also be a combination of two different working parts, by the share plow plow body and vertical axis rotary plow parts composed of plowing and harrowing plows and so on.

Orchard machinery

Share plows and tillers are often equipped with working parts can automatically avoid the trunk and automatic reset device. In addition to the small area of soil around the trunk of the tree, the soil between the rows and plants of fruit trees can be plowed at the same time.

Planting machinery

Planting machinery in accordance with the planting object and the process of different, can be divided into seeding machine, planting machine and seedling planting machine 3 categories.

Seeding machine

Seeding machine planting object is the crop seed or made of pellet-shaped coated seeds. It can be divided into

Spreading machine, strip sowing machine and hole sowing machine 3 categories. 50's began the development of a large number of types of precision sowing machine, can accurately control the amount of seed sowing, hole (plant) distance and sowing depth. 70's began the development of pneumatic row of precision sowing machine, the seed dispenser (air suction, pneumatic or air blowing) using positive or negative pressure airflow at certain intervals out of the row of seeds to achieve the single seed. Precision hole sowing, compared with the traditional mechanical seed discharger, with accurate sowing, not hurt the seed and other characteristics. There is also a mechanical precision seeder. It is a hanging 6-row mid-tillage crop planter with fertilization device, which can be used for strip and hole sowing of mid-tillage crops such as soybean, corn and sorghum.

Planters

Planters plant seed pieces of crops such as potatoes, sweet potatoes and onions, as well as seed sections of sugarcane. Because of the different crops, seed pieces, seed sections of the traits and planting requirements vary greatly, most of the planting machine for the special planting machine, commonly used potato planting machine, sugarcane planting machine and so on.

Seedling machinery

Seedling planting machine planting object is rice, cotton, tobacco, vegetables, fruit trees and flowers and other crops and seedlings with nutrient bowl or with soil seedlings. Planting machine is divided into semi-mechanized, mechanized and automated 3 types. Semi-mechanized seedling planter is a machine to complete the process of furrowing, mulching and compression, while the seedling picking and planting is done by the planting hand sitting on the machine. The planting action of mechanized seedling planter is also done by the machine, but the seedling planter still picks up the seedlings and puts them into the planting mechanism. Automated seedling planting machine only manually into the tray of seedlings (usually with nutrient bowl seedlings) loaded into the machine tray frame, the machine in the travel automatically complete all the planting process.

Fertilizer machinery used in the field to apply a variety of chemical fertilizers (granular fertilizers, liquid fertilizers), stable fertilizers, manure and compost, etc., mainly used in the plowing before the application of base fertilizer, while the seed fertilizers and fertilizers are generally installed by the attached fertilizer planting machine and tillage machine on the fertilizer device to apply. Commonly used fertilizer application machines include stable fertilizer spreader, fertilizer spreader trailer, liquid fertilizer sprayer, fertilizer spreader and ammonia strip applicator.

Protection machinery

Plant protection machinery used to protect crops and agricultural products from diseases, insects, birds, animals and weeds and other hazards of machinery, usually refers to the chemical control of plant diseases and insect pests and various pesticide spraying machinery, but also includes chemical or physical methods of weeding and physical control of pests and diseases, birds and animals used to drive away the machinery and equipment, etc.. Plant protection machinery mainly spraying, dusting and smoke spraying machinery.

Spraying equipment

For the liquid or powdered agent of the water solution to droplet spray to control the target, the main points of the sprayer, fog machine and ultra-low-volume sprayer 3 categories. Commonly used manual sprayer, stretcher motorized sprayer, backpack motorized fog machine, with the tractor supporting the spray bar sprayer, orchard with air-fed fog machine and hand-held motor ultra-low-volume sprayer and so on. Sprayer or spray machine is a liquid pump or air pump to pressurize the liquid, through the spray bar, nozzle or gun will be atomized into a droplet diameter of 150 to 400 microns spray. Mist machine is the use of fan generated by the high-speed airflow, the liquid pump pressurized liquid further broken into a diameter of 50 ~ 150 micron mist-like droplets, in order to obtain better adhesion properties and spraying uniformity. Ultra-low-volume sprayer using no water or only a small amount of water added to the high concentration of liquid, in the high-speed rotation (8000 ~ 10,000 rpm) under the centrifugal force of the atomizing disk, the liquid will be finely crushed into a diameter of 70 ~ 90 micron droplets, with the wind and uniformly settled to the control target, with a small amount of pharmaceuticals, prevention and control of the effect of the characteristics of a good. Fogging disk can be driven by zinc - empty battery or dry battery (handheld electric type), installed in agricultural aircraft can be made of special wind turbine in flight at high speed rotation drive. Spray nozzles can also be converted into ultra-low volume spray nozzles with atomizing discs for ultra-low volume spraying on ordinary power sprayers.

Powder spraying equipment

With the fan airflow will be powdered agent through the nozzle and powder spray head blown to the control target, commonly used manual backpack and chest-mounted powder sprayer, stretcher power sprayer, and tractor suspended powder sprayer.

Smoke Sprayer

The use of liquid fuel combustion of high temperature airflow or internal combustion engine exhaust, so that the oil pesticide volatilization, heat cracking into particles less than 50 microns in diameter, with high temperature airflow sprayed to form a smoke suspended in the air and settled to the control targets for the orchards, warehouses and greenhouses in the control of pests and diseases.

Powder sprayer

In the sprayer or powder sprayer equipped with electrostatic nozzle, the use of hundreds to thousands of volts of high-voltage DC power supply energized to the nozzle, so that the liquid or powder particles electrified, and the control of the target by electrostatic induction and triggered by the opposite polarity of the charge, in order to make liquid or powder particles in the static field under the action of the control of the target. The use of electrostatic effect can significantly improve the hit rate, reduce the loss of chemicals and pollution of the environment, and can be sprayed to the back of the target to enhance the effect of control.

Multi-purpose plant protection machinery

Can be used in the same machine with different parts for spraying, powder spraying, mist, ultra-low volume spraying and powder spraying and other operations of the machinery.

Drainage and irrigation machinery

Farmland drainage and irrigation machinery for farmland, orchards and pastures and other irrigation, drainage operations of machinery, including water pumps, water pumps, sprinkler irrigation equipment and drip irrigation equipment.

Water pumps

Driven by electric motors, internal combustion engines or wind turbines, there are centrifugal pumps, axial flow pumps, mixed flow pumps, piston pumps, diaphragm pumps, deep well pumps and submersible pumps and other types of pumps. Multi-stage centrifugal pumps are commonly used in hilly mountainous areas of high head water irrigation. Plain areas of large areas of irrigation and use of large flow but small head of large axial flow pumps. Large mixed flow pumps are suitable for irrigation of large areas with large head. Long-shaft deep-well pumps and deep-well submersible electric pumps for deep-well water lifting. Piston pumps and diaphragm pumps (see reciprocating pumps) have a smaller flow, in agriculture is still generally used to provide water for livestock and poultry.

Sprinkler irrigation equipment

Sprinkler irrigation equipment uses a pump to pressurize the water (or use the fallout from a high water source) through the pipes and nozzles into the air, dispersing it into uniform droplets, which precipitate onto the ground and the crops in the form of rain. Compared with the method of irrigation through furrows and surface pipes, the use of sprinkler irrigation equipment allows for uniform irrigation, less water loss, and easy automation of irrigation management. This type of equipment is particularly suitable for gently sloping land, undulating land and areas with few water sources. There are many types of sprinkler irrigation equipment, including circular sprinklers or center pivot sprinklers with a high degree of automation. Its branch pipe is mounted on a row of brackets with walking wheels, and each bracket is driven by an electric motor or other power. Around the center of one end of the branch pipe axis for circular motion, pressure water from the center along the branch pipe through the nozzle spray. Some of the branch pipe length of 500 meters or more, can control the irrigation area of more than 1500 acres. Branch pipe turn around the time from hours to days, according to the water demand in the field to achieve automatic control. The movement of the branch pipe is similar to the hour hand of the clock, which is also known as the hour hand sprinkler irrigation equipment. In order to solve the problem of irrigation in the four corners of the square plot of blank lots, in some round sprinkler with corner sprinkler device, in the operation to the corner of the ground automatically open the water spray.

Drip irrigation equipment

This equipment enables low-pressure water to drip through underground or above ground piping from drip heads installed on the piping continuously and in small quantities to the parts of the crop in need of water, the amount of water consumed is smaller than the sprinkler equipment, commonly used in orchards, nurseries, and greenhouses in the irrigation.

Harvesting machinery

Crop harvesting machinery includes a variety of machinery used to collect a variety of crops or agricultural products. Different crops are harvested in different ways and with different machinery.

Grain combine harvester

By the harvesting platform, conveying device, threshing device, separating device, cleaning device, grain tank and transmission device and other components. According to the crop feeding mode there are two kinds of full-feeding and half-feeding. Europe and the United States are using full-feed grain combine harvester (Figure 6), mainly used for harvesting wheat and other wheat crops, can also be used for harvesting corn, beans, rice and sunflower after some modifications and adjustments. During operation, the reciprocating cutter at the front end of the harvesting platform, in cooperation with the paddle wheel, cuts down the stalks with ears on the harvesting platform, and sends them to the threshing device through the harvesting platform conveyor and the intermediate conveyor, where they are threshed by the action of rubbing and striking when passing through the gap between the threshing drum and the concave plate. Most of the grain through the concave plate sieve into the cleaning device, a small amount of grain entrained in the concave plate in the dislodged material is thrown to the separation device, in the chain separation device up and down, before and after the reciprocating shaking of the grain is separated out into the cleaning device, the stem draft and other large debris is conveyed backward and thrown out of the machine. Into the cleaning device of the grain by the fan and sieve to remove small impurities, clean grain is sent to the grain tank. After the grain tank is full, the unloading conveyor is activated to unload the grains into the grain truck.In the mid and late 70's, a variety of types of axial drum full-feed grain combine harvester appeared one after another in North America, which combines the threshing device with the separating device as a whole, thus dispensing with the bulky chain separating device and shortening the length of the whole machine. In southern China and Japan have developed semi-feed grain combine harvesters mainly for harvesting rice. Operation, cut rice straw in the clamping conveyor process only the head part into the threshing device, after threshing straw is more complete, easy to comprehensive utilization. Mixed in the grain in the amount of broken straw is small, generally do not set up a separate separation device, so compared with the full-feeding type, the structure is simple and less power consumption.

Cotton picker

It uses a rotating picking spindle with teeth to take the seeded fibers in the bloomed cotton peanuts and send them into the cotton box by airflow. There are two main types of cotton picking machine: in the United States, the use of horizontal picking spindle type cotton picking machine, the picking rate is higher, but the structure is complex, manufacturing precision requirements and high cost; in the Soviet Union, most of the use of vertical picking spindle type cotton picking machine, the structure is simpler, lower cost, but the picking rate is lower, more cotton on the ground, more damage to the cotton plant. Machine-picked seed cotton has a high rate of impurities, the quality grade is significantly lower than hand-picked seed cotton. Machine-picked seed cotton needs to be equipped with a complete set of cotton cleaning equipment, picked cotton before and after ginning for repeated cleaning before being used as textile raw materials.

Processing machinery

Agricultural products processing machinery, including the harvested agricultural products or collection of poultry, livestock products for preliminary processing, as well as some of the agricultural products as raw materials for the deep processing of machinery and equipment. The processed products are easy to store, transportation and sales, for direct consumption or as industrial raw materials. Different agricultural products have different processing requirements and processing characteristics, the same kind of agricultural products through different processing can get different finished products. Therefore, there are many varieties of agricultural processing machinery, the use of more grain drying equipment, grain processing machinery, oilseed processing machinery, cotton processing machinery, hemp stripping machinery, tea and refining machinery, fruit processing machinery, dairy processing machinery, seed processing equipment and starch equipment. In order to realize the continuous operation between the process and operation automation, often before and after the process of multiple processing machinery combined into a processing unit, processing room or integrated processing plant.

Grain processing

By process is divided into two categories: one for the rice, sorghum, corn and millet and other raw grains hulled and peeled, milled into finished rice. For example, the original grain of rice first by a variety of cleaning equipment to remove various impurities, into the huller and separation of rice husk. The discharged grain and brown mixture into the grain and brown separation sieve. Separation sieve using rice and brown rice in the particle size, density and surface characteristics of the difference, the unhulled rice separated out and sent back to the huller. The brown rice then enters the rice milling machine to be milled into white rice, and then through the finished product grading screen to remove the chaff and broken rice, that is, the finished white rice. Another category is used for wheat, corn, barley, buckwheat and oat and other raw grains to remove the skin and germ, grinding into finished powder. For example, wheat grains by a variety of impurity removal and cleaning equipment to remove a variety of impurities and dirt, dust attached to the surface of the wheat grain, into the mill grinding powder, and a set of flat sieve sieve to extract the finished flour. The intermediate material then enters another mill to grind, and so on repeatedly to extract the flour, and finally the bran is discharged by the bran brushing machine.

Oil processing

Oil production process is mainly divided into pressing method, leaching method. Different oil production process using different machinery and equipment, but the oil raw materials are first cleaned up by the oil cleaning machinery to remove impurities, and with various types of oil shelling machine to remove the shell and make the shell kernel separation, and then pressed into the embryo by the embryo rolling machine embryo material. With the leaching method, the embryo material will be immersed in the solvent (hexane or light gasoline) in the oil leaching, by filtration, evaporation and vaporization equipment to make the oil and solvent separation, solvent recovery can be used repeatedly; with the pressing method, the embryo material will be placed in the steam frying pan after the frying, sent to the spiral oil press or hydraulic oil press to extrude the oil. The leached or pressed oil is then refined into essential oil or finished oil by various refining equipment such as filtration, hydration, alkaline refining, acid refining, decolorization and deodorization.

Livestock industry machinery

Livestock industry machinery is in the process of grazing and housing poultry, livestock rearing production process of various mechanical equipment.

Maintenance and improvement of pasture machinery

Including the killing of pasture rodents with poison bait spreader, improve the pasture to improve pasture production of loosening and replanting machine and pasture sprinkler irrigation equipment.

Pasture management equipment

Including electric pasture fence and its erection of machinery, mobile epidemic prevention vehicles and drug shower equipment. ① electric pasture fence: the high voltage pulse current generated by the electric pulse generator into the electric fence, so that livestock in the touch of the electric fence by non-lethal electric shock, so that it is surrounded by the electric fence in the electric pasture fence activities, foraging. Installation of solar energy or wind generator, can provide convenient and cheap power for electric grazing fence. ② mobile epidemic prevention vehicle: a cross-country performance of a special car, the car is equipped with epidemic prevention and veterinary laboratory, disinfection, treatment equipment and internal combustion generator sets, etc., can carry several epidemic prevention or veterinary personnel rushed to the infected area in a timely manner. ③ medicine drenching equipment: mainly used to prevent and control grazing sheep scabies and body surface parasites.

Pasture and green fodder harvesting machinery

In the field to collect pasture and the formation of loose grass, grass bale, grass stacks and grass, etc. Machinery, mainly including mowing or mowing modifier, raking machine, picking up the pressure of bundling machines, grass stacking machinery, pasture loading machinery and green fodder harvester and so on. There are two types of mowers, reciprocating and rotary, and the rotary mowers developed in the 70's, compared with the traditional reciprocating, have the advantages of high speed of cutting and advancing, smooth work, and strong adaptability to the pasture, which is suitable for high-yield pasture, but the cutting is not neat enough, and the re-cutting is more, and the energy consumption is larger. The addition of pressure rollers on the mower becomes the mowing modulator, which can flatten and squeeze the cut fresh forage stalks to accelerate the drying process. Straddling machine has two types of lateral and lateral, used to cut down the loose spread on the ground grass straddling into different forms of grass. Pick up the press bale machine is used to pick up from the ground into strips of hay, and will be compressed into a rectangular or round cross-section of the tight bale, in order to facilitate transportation and storage. There are two types of green fodder harvester, the dumping knife type and general-purpose type. The former with a high-speed rotating knife-type chopper to the green forage crop cut, chopped and thrown to the trailer, mainly used for harvesting low green forage crops. The latter is equipped with three kinds of attachments, namely, full-width cutting harvesting table, opposite-row harvesting table and pick-up device, and thus can harvest various green fodder crops.

Feed processing machinery

Mainly includes: processing a variety of coarse and concentrate feed mill, hoeing machine and green fodder chopper; preparation of mixed feed feed mixer; powdered feed into granular feed pelletizing machine; processing straw feed stalk modifier; for processing potatoes, melons and vegetables, such as succulent fodder washer, slicing machine, shredder, pulping machine, vegetable mud machine and Feed grain steamer and so on.

Feeding management machinery

Mainly includes: livestock house ventilation, temperature control and lighting and other environmental control equipment; livestock feeding and drinking water equipment; livestock epidemic prevention equipment; dung removal and manure treatment equipment, as well as egg collection and milking equipment. The modern laying hen house includes a complete set of mechanized and automated equipment from hatching and brooding to egg packing, which can automatically control the environment of the house according to the requirements under the condition of isolation from the outside world. According to different age and laying hens' needs, full-price feed is fed in quantitative quantities, and automatic water dispenser and regular feces removal equipment are installed. Eggs are automatically collected through an egg collection system, cleaned and graded, and then boxed for transportation.

Manufacturing Requirements

Agricultural Technical Requirements

Agricultural machinery used for a certain operation should, first of all, satisfy the agricultural technical requirements of the operation, and have the possibility of being adjusted within a certain range or adopting variations to adapt to different agricultural technical requirements.

Operation and use requirements

Agricultural machinery, the use of decentralized, poor and complex environmental conditions, and seasonal agricultural operations are very strong, and thus the requirements for agricultural machinery is: installation, adjustment, maintenance, and tractor hookups, working parts of the rise and fall, replacement of wearing parts and general troubleshooting is simple and easy to do, and to take a variety of safety measures to protect the normal operation of the machine and the safety of the operator. Normal operation and operator safety. For example, in the soil tillage machinery on the placement of automatic obstacle devices and a variety of exposed moving parts of the protective cover or baffle, as well as cold, heat, dust, sound insulation and vibration damping facilities.

Universality and comprehensive utilization

In order to improve the utilization rate of agricultural machinery, reduce operating costs, in order to ensure that the premise of agricultural technology requirements, agricultural machinery should have a wide range of universality and a high degree of comprehensive utilization. For example, a general-purpose frame, can be replaced with seeding, plowing, furrowing, soil, fertilizer, plant protection and potato digging and other different parts, in order to be used in different seasons of different operations. A grain combine harvester can be used to harvest a wide range of crops such as rice, wheat, beans, corn, sorghum and sunflower by changing and adjusting only a few parts.

Serialization of machinery

Agricultural machinery and its parts and components of the standardization, generalization and serialization, is to ensure product quality, reduce production costs, and facilitate the supply of spare parts and maintenance of important measures. In China, the development and implementation of various types of agricultural machinery types, basic parameters, technical conditions, test methods and main parts and components size specifications and other items of national standards and ministerial standards, but also developed a share plow, rotary plow, disc harrow, paddy harrow, seeder, rice transplanter, submersible pumps, sprinkler pumps, rocking-arm sprinkler and feed milling machine and other product series, some of which have series of products parts and components of the generalization of the degree of 80 to 85% or more. The degree of generalization of parts and components of some series of products has reached more than 80-85%.

Other technical and economic indicators

Including agricultural machinery productivity, service life, price and operating costs, as well as labor, energy and steel consumption, etc., usually with a unit width or unit hourly productivity of the machine weight, metal consumption, machine prices and power requirements and other indicators to measure, or with the completion of a unit of work cost, labor and energy consumption and other indicators to measure. Measurement. In determining the economic effect of new products or new varieties of agricultural machinery and the possibility of promoting the use of these indicators can be compared with the original product or manual work.