What else have people invented from the inspiration of animals?

From bats learned radar, from frogs invented the electronic frog eye, colorful butterflies, such as heavy moon crested butterfly, brown veins of the golden spotted butterfly, etc., especially the fluorescent winged crested butterfly, its hind wings in the sunlight from time to time golden, sometimes emerald green, and sometimes from the violet to blue. Scientists have brought great benefits to military defense through the study of butterfly colors. During World War II, German troops surrounded Leningrad and attempted to destroy its military targets and other defenses with bombers. Based on the lack of awareness of camouflage at the time, the Soviet entomologist Schwanwitch proposed to use the reasoning that the colors of butterflies are not easily detected in flowers to cover military facilities with butterfly-patterned camouflage. As a result, despite the German army's efforts, the military base in Leningrad remained safe and sound, laying a solid foundation for winning the final victory. According to the same principle, later people also produced camouflage clothing, greatly reducing casualties in combat.

Artificial satellites in space due to constant changes in position can cause sudden changes in temperature, sometimes the temperature difference can be as high as two or three hundred degrees, seriously affecting the normal work of many instruments. Scientists are inspired by the butterfly scales will automatically change the angle with the direction of sunlight and regulate the body temperature, the satellite temperature control system made of blades on both sides of the radiation, heat dissipation capacity of a large difference in the style of the shutters, in the rotating position of each window is installed with a temperature-sensitive wire, with the temperature can be adjusted to open and close the window, thus maintaining a constant temperature inside the satellite, solving a major problem in the space industry. This has solved one of the major problems in the space industry.

Beetles and bionic

Fart step beetle self-defense, can be sprayed with a foul-smelling high-temperature liquid "shells" to confuse, stimulate and frighten the enemy. Scientists will be dissected and found that the beetle body has three chambers, respectively, stored binary phenol solution, hydrogen peroxide and biological enzymes. Binary phenol and hydrogen peroxide flow to the third chamber and biological enzymes mixed with a chemical reaction, instantly become 100 ℃ venom, and quickly shot. This principle is now applied in military technology. During World War II, the German Nazis for the needs of the war, according to this mechanism to create a great power and performance safety and reliability of the new engine, installed in the flight type missiles, so that the flight speed, safety and stability, hit rate increased, London, England in its bombing suffered heavy losses. U.S. military experts inspired by the principle of the beetle jet developed an advanced binary weapon. This weapon will be two or more kinds of chemical substances that can produce toxic agents installed in two separate containers, shells fired after the rupture of the diaphragm, the two kinds of toxic intermediates in the projectile flight within 8-10 seconds of mixing and reacting to reach the target in the instant to generate lethal toxic agents to kill and maim the enemy. They are easy to produce, store, and transport, safe and resistant to failure. Fireflies can be chemical energy directly into light energy, and the conversion efficiency of 100%, while the luminous efficiency of ordinary electric light is only 6%. People imitate the firefly's light-emitting principle made of cold light source can increase the luminous efficiency of more than ten times, greatly saving energy. In addition, according to the beetle's visual reaction mechanism of the successful development of air-to-ground speedometer has been successfully applied to the aviation industry.

Dragonflies and bionic

Dragonflies through the vibration of the wings can produce different from the surrounding atmosphere of the local instability of the airflow, and use the vortex generated by the airflow to make their own rise. Dragonflies can fly with very little thrust, not only forward, but also backward and to the left and right, and their forward flight speed can reach 72km/hour. In addition, the dragonfly's flight behavior is simple, only by two pairs of wings keep flapping. Scientists according to this structural basis for the successful development of the helicopter. When the airplane is flying at a high speed, it often causes violent vibration, and even sometimes breaks the wing and causes the airplane to crash. The dragonfly relies on the weight of the wing mole in the high-speed flight, so people follow the dragonfly in the aircraft's two wings plus the balance of the hammer, to solve the high-speed flight caused by the vibration of this thorny problem.

In order to study the aerodynamics of gliding and collision flight and the efficiency of its flight, a four-blade-driven, motorized wing (wing) model controlled by a remote level was developed and tested for the first time in a wind tunnel for various flight parameters.

The second model attempted to install a wing that flew at a faster frequency, reaching a speed of 18 vibrations per second. Characteristically, this model used a device that variably adjusted the phase difference between the front and rear pairs of wings.

The central and long-term goal of the research is to study the performance of aircraft powered by "wings" and how their efficiency compares with that of conventional propeller-driven aircraft.

Flies and bionics

The housefly is special because of its fast flight technique, which makes it difficult for humans to catch. It is difficult to approach it even from behind it. It envisions every situation, is very careful, and can move quickly. So how does it do it?

Studies by entomologists have found that the fly's hind wings degenerate into a pair of balance rods. When it flies, the balance rods vibrate mechanically at a certain frequency, which can regulate the direction of movement of the wings and is a navigator to keep the fly's body balanced. Scientists according to this principle developed into a new generation of navigators - vibration gyroscope, greatly improving the flight performance of the aircraft, the aircraft can automatically stop the dangerous roll flight, in the body of a strong tilt can also automatically restore the balance, even when the aircraft in the most complex sharp turn is also foolproof. The fly's compound eye contains 4,000 independently imaged individual eyes, which can see objects in almost 360°. In the fly's eye inspiration, people made by 1329 pieces of small lenses composed of a time can shoot 1329 high-resolution photographs of the fly's eye camera, in the military, medicine, aviation, aerospace is widely used. The fly's sense of smell is particularly sensitive and can quickly analyze dozens of odors and can immediately respond. Scientists according to the structure of the fly's olfactory organs, the various chemical reactions into electrical impulses, made a very sensitive small gas analyzer, has been widely used in spaceships, submarines and mines and other places to detect the composition of the gas, so that scientific research, the production of a more accurate and reliable safety factor.

Bee and bionic

Bee hive by a neatly arranged hexagonal hive, the bottom of each small hive by three of the same rhombus, the structure of these and modern mathematicians calculated precisely - rhombus obtuse angle of 109 ° 28', acute angle 70 These structures are identical with those precisely calculated by modern mathematicians - 109°28' for the obtuse angle of the rhombus and 70°32' for the acute angle - and are the most material-efficient structures, with a large capacity and extremely strong, which have been admired by many experts. People imitate its structure with a variety of materials made of honeycomb sandwich structure board, strong, lightweight, not easy to conduct sound and heat, is the construction and manufacture of space shuttles, spaceships, artificial satellites and other ideal materials. Bee compound eye of each single eye adjacent to the polarized light direction of the polarizer is very sensitive to the direction of the polarizer, can be used to accurately locate the sun. According to this principle, scientists have successfully developed a polarized light navigator, which has long been widely used in navigation.

Other insects and bionic

The flea's jumping instincts are very strong, aviation experts have conducted a lot of research on this, an aircraft manufacturing company in the United Kingdom from the vertical jumping way inspired by the success of the manufacture of an almost vertical take-off and landing of the Harrier aircraft. Modern television technology according to the construction characteristics of the single compound eye of insects, made a large screen color TV, but also a small color TV fluorescent screen can be composed of a large picture, and can be in the same screen in any position to box out a few specific small picture, can broadcast the same picture, but also can be broadcast a different picture. Scientists according to the structural characteristics of the insect compound eye developed a successful multi-aperture optical system device, easier to search for the target, has been applied in some important foreign weapons systems. According to the principle of mutual inhibition between the compound eyes of certain aquatic insects, made of electronic models of side inhibition, used in various types of photographic systems, photographs taken to enhance the image edge contrast and highlight the contours, but also can be used to improve the radar's display sensitivity, but also can be used for the text and picture recognition system of the preprocessing work. The United States uses the insect compound eye to process information and directional navigation principle, and has developed the engineering model of the end-guidance guide head with great practical value, which imitates the insect compound eye to seek. Japan's use of insect form and characteristics of the development of the development of six-legged robots and other engineering machines and buildings of the new construction methods.

Future Prospects

Insects in the billions of years of evolutionary process, with the change of the environment and the gradual evolution, are in varying degrees of development of their survival skills. With the development of society, people grasp more and more of the various life activities of insects, more and more aware of the importance of insects to mankind, coupled with information technology, especially a new generation of computer bioelectronics technology in entomology, simulating the ability of insects to sense the development of the detection of material species and concentration of biosensors, with reference to the development of insect neural structure can imitate the brain activity of the computer and so on. A series of biotechnology projects, will be envisioned by scientists into reality, and into various fields, insects will make a greater contribution to mankind

From fireflies to artificial cold light

Since mankind invented the electric light, life has become more convenient and abundant. But electric light can only convert a very small part of the electrical energy into visible light, most of the rest are wasted in the form of heat, and the heat rays of electric light are harmful to the human eye. So, is there a light source that only emits light and not heat? Humans have looked to nature again.

In nature, there are many organisms that can emit light, such as bacteria, fungi, worms, mollusks, crustaceans, insects and fish, etc., and the light emitted by these animals does not produce heat, so it is also known as "cold light".

In the many luminous animals, fireflies are one of the categories. There are about 1,500 species of fireflies, they emit cold light colors of yellow-green, orange, the brightness of the light also varies. Fireflies emit cold light not only has a high luminous efficiency, and emit cold light are generally very soft, very suitable for human eyes, the intensity of light is also relatively high. Therefore, biological light is an ideal light for humans.

Scientists have found that the luminescent apparatus of fireflies is located in the abdomen. This luminescent apparatus consists of three parts: the luminescent layer, the transparent layer and the reflective layer. The luminescent layer possesses thousands of luminescent cells, all of which contain two substances, luciferin and luciferase. Under the action of luciferase, luciferin, with the participation of intracellular water, and oxidized to emit fluorescence. The glow of fireflies is essentially the process of converting chemical energy into light energy.

As early as the 1940s, people based on the study of fireflies, created a fluorescent lamp, so that the human lighting source has changed a lot. In recent years, scientists first isolated pure luciferin from the luminaries of fireflies, then luciferase, and then, chemically synthesized luciferin. By luciferin, luciferase, ATP (adenosine triphosphate) and water mixed into the biological light source, can be full of explosive gas in the mine when the flash. Since this light has no power source and does not generate a magnetic field, work such as clearing magnetic mines can be done under the illumination of the biological light source.

Now, people have been able to use the method of mixing certain chemicals to get a cold light similar to the biological light, as a security lighting