What are the characteristics of woodblock New Year pictures in different places?

The producing areas of wei county New Year pictures are concentrated in Yangjiabu and Cangshang Village in Hanting. Among them, the products of Yangjiabu in Hanting (now a county-level district in Weifang) are among the best. Press: Hanting was originally called "Hanting Store" and was the capital of the cold country in ancient times. "Once"? The county records: "In the summer, Han Zhuo was a vassal; The name is sealed in the cold, hence the name. " Wei County in Han Dynasty is unknown, and it is the land of Shou Ping County and Xiami County. In the Sui Dynasty, Wei County was established for the first time, which saved Shou Ping. Hanting New Year pictures are rich in themes, and each workshop has its own paintings without repetition. Even if there is a theme painter between workshops, there are some differences in composition and color. Therefore, there is a broad market for the Han Ting New Year pictures in Wei County. In addition to Shandong counties, the marketing of Hanting woodblock New Year pictures reaches the Yangtze River basin in the south, the south bank of Liaodong Peninsula in the northeast of Bohai Sea in the north and Zhengzhou in Henan Province in the west, which is not only profitable, but also considerable, and there are many pirates in other places, which shows its far-reaching influence.

The color is fresh, the paper is white, and the New Year pictures come from Wuqiang ... Wuqiang County, Hebei Province is known as the "hometown of New Year pictures" and has a history of more than 500 years.

Wuqiang New Year pictures rose in the early15th century, and18th century was its heyday. In its heyday, there were hundreds of painting shops and many painting workshops in dozens of villages in the county. Every year after the Mid-Autumn Festival, the painting market here is very lively. Those New Year pictures hanging on both sides of the street include historical figures, myths and legends, fables and fairy tales, happy birthday greetings, human feelings and customs, children and women, flowers and landscapes, etc. A large number of calendar paintings, door paintings, lamp paintings, window paintings, couplets, strip screens, nave and other New Year pictures are mostly auspicious. Common ones are the picture of a magpie going to Mei, the picture of a spring cow, the picture of a lion rolling an embroidered ball, the picture of farming and weaving, the top ten busy people, the top ten busy people and so on. Recently, popular sofa pictures have been released.

Wuqiang also has a woodblock New Year picture, which is made of Du Mu or pear wood and overprinted with black, red, purple, green, yellow and pink. It is completed through three processes: drafting, carving and printing. Its composition is compact and full, and its carved lines are broad, steady and clear. It not only uses the black and white effect, but also does not lose the simple and simple style. The main craft of Wuqiang woodblock New Year pictures is manual operation, which has traditional world craft characteristics.

Wuqiang New Year pictures create rich effects with simple colors. Colors are strong, rich but not stagnant, although a few colors are varied. Achieve the effect of contrast and unity. This is one of its characteristics. The second feature is that it has high artistic expression in modeling. For example, when depicting characters, focus on the head and eyes, and a few strokes can show people's expressions. Most of the characters are in the middle and close shot, and they appear with a straight face, which is easy to express the feelings of the characters and highlight the story.

Illustrated pictures are also a major feature of Wuqiang New Year pictures, many of which are accompanied by humorous poems and so on.

In recent years, some new year pictures have been improved into high-grade new year pictures with silk-screen lines, population coloring and announcements, and they are framed into paintings and axial paintings with silk edges, which is a treasure.

Wuqiang New Year pictures were named as famous brand products by Hebei Province as early as 1979, and exported to Japan, the United States, France, Germany and Southeast Asian countries.

Tianjin Yangliuqing Painting Society, founded in 1958, is famous for researching, creating and publishing Yangliuqing woodblock New Year pictures, with a history of more than 300 years. It is a cultural undertaking business unit under the Tianjin Municipal Bureau of Culture, an art book publishing unit approved by the State Press and Publication Administration, and a cultural relic business unit recognized by National Cultural Heritage Administration. Tianjin Yangliuqing Painting Society has preserved the New Year pictures and ancient editions since the Ming Dynasty, protected the ancient printing skills of China woodcut New Year pictures, and completely preserved the traditional skills of hook, engraving, printing and painting of Yangliuqing woodcut New Year pictures. Among the existing New Year pictures in China, the Yangliuqing woodblock New Year pictures preserved by Tianjin Yangliuqing Painting Society are generally regarded as "the first New Year pictures in China" because of their rich collections, exquisite skills and complete inheritance. At the same time, it communicated international cultural exchanges and exchanges with its unique artistic charm, and became an important representative of China's "Year Culture". Tianjin Yangliuqing woodblock New Year pictures are unique among China folk New Year pictures because of their combination of printing and painting. They are widely used and rich in content, and have a far-reaching impact on various New Year pictures in China. They are called "encyclopedias" among the people. Its content fully shows the essence of working people's pursuit of ideal spirit in life, vividly expresses the civilized aesthetics and survival experience of farming society, and broadcasts the traditional ideological and moral concepts of the Chinese nation to the people. In 2004, Tianjin Yangliuqing Woodblock New Year Pictures were named as "China National Folk Culture Protection Project Pilot Project" by the Ministry of Culture. This exhibition will be performed by an important inheritor of Tianjin Yangliuqing Woodblock New Year Pictures, which was protected at the beginning of the establishment of Tianjin Yangliuqing Painting Society. Annex * * * is divided into three parts. Part I: Information. Including the large-scale collection and rescue of Tianjin Yangliuqing woodcut New Year pictures in the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China, desk materials, file cards, collection credentials, and work summaries at various stages. Part II: Ancient Edition. Show 30 sets of ancient woodcuts from Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China. Part III: New Year pictures. About 150 New Year pictures from the Ming Dynasty to the Republic of China were exhibited.

Taohuawu, located under Nagato, a city in northern Suzhou, has been a scenic spot in Suzhou since ancient times. Tang Bohu, a romantic genius in the Ming Dynasty, once built a Peach Blossom Temple here and wrote the Song of Peach Blossom Temple.

During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, with the development of Suzhou's urban economy, many craft workshops appeared in Nagato, among which New Year pictures were the most. The folk woodblock New Year pictures made here make Taohuawu famous all over the world. Taohuawu woodblock New Year pictures are deeply loved by the world for their rich themes, elegant pictures and delicate colors. Together with Yangliuqing Woodblock New Year Pictures in Tianjin and Weifang Woodblock New Year Pictures in Shandong, they became the representatives of China folk woodblock New Year Pictures in Ming and Qing Dynasties.

Suzhou Taohuawu woodblock New Year pictures came into being in the Ming Dynasty, forming a unique style. At present, the earliest woodblock New Year pictures in Taohuawu are "Shou Xingtu" included in the Japanese Catalogue of zhina Ancient Prints, and the words "Five Years of Wanli (1597)" are engraved on the pictures. Judging from its pictures, the composition, carving and printing of the works have reached a considerable level. In the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, Suzhou Taohuawu woodblock New Year pictures flourished. At that time, there were about forty or fifty painting shops, most of which were located in Taohuawu to Baoen Temple Tower in Qiao Feng, Shantang Street, Tiger Hill and Nagato. Taohuawu woodblock New Year pictures have reached more than one million, which are sold to Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Anhui, Jiangxi, Hubei, Shandong, Henan, Northeast China and other provinces, and also exported to Nanyang and other places with merchant ships. His artistic achievements have had a considerable impact on the development of Japanese ukiyo-e painting. At the end of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, the Qing army besieged Suzhou, and the production of Suzhou Taohuawu woodblock New Year pictures was seriously damaged. Since then, it has been in a state of depression. Until the early 1950s, Suzhou Federation of Literary and Art Circles investigated the situation of Taohuawu woodblock New Year pictures and organized artists to resume production. Later, professional painters were equipped and apprentices were recruited, and the "Suzhou Taohuawu Woodblock New Year Painting Society" was established, which made great progress.

Judging from the existing works, the style of early Taohuawu New Year pictures is more elegant. When dealing with themes such as benevolence, scenery and flowers, traditional vertical axes and picture books are often used for composition. In the picture management, we can see the influence of the academy painting in the Song Dynasty, the boundary painting in the Ming Dynasty and the literati painting. During the years of Yongzheng and Qianlong, there were also many works imitating the style of western copperplate prints, such as Wannian Bridge in Suzhou, Nissin in Tao Zhu, Ten Scenes of West Lake, Puji Bridge in Shantang, 360 lines, Baizitu and Sanmeitu. Some of them have also engraved "French-Thai Western brushwork" and "Three Beautiful Pictures" on the screen. These works are brightly colored and focused, except for the faces of people, clothing lines, trees and stones, houses and animal feathers are all expressed in light and shade, which seems awkward. After Qianlong, there were few such works, and they were replaced by works expressed by traditional techniques. Compared with earlier works, the picture composition is simple and generous, the lines are strong and the colors are beginning to become clear. For example, Woods Deng Ke, Biography of Zhuangzi, Pearl Tower, Boating on the Lake, Map of Yue Bai, etc. From these pictures, we can see the influence of seal cutting style of early Jinling School and Xin 'an School.

After the Opium War, the traditional market of Taohuawu New Year pictures has been shrinking due to a large number of lithographs and offset New Year pictures. In order to survive, New Year pictures stores began to shift their sales focus to the countryside. In addition to the original theme, the theme of the work adds a lot of content reflecting rural life and farming. Images are often exaggerated in decoration, and the lines are simple and rigid, especially in the use of colors. Red, pink, yellow, green, purple (or blue, usually purple instead of blue, blue instead of purple) and light ink color make the picture more vivid, lively, decorative and rhythmic. Its artistic style is closer to laborers in temperament, so it is welcomed by farmers. The themes of Taohuawu woodblock New Year pictures mainly include the following categories:

(1) Blessing the auspicious, such as harmony and auspiciousness, God bless the people, good fortune in Wanbao, riches and honour in bloom, happiness and longevity, the celebration of the Eight Immortals' birthday, the golden rooster announcing the dawn, etc.

(2) To ward off evil spirits such as door gods, kitchen gods, Guan Gong, Zhong Kui, Jiang Taigong, Zhang Tianshi and Zhang Xian;

(3) Current affairs and customs, such as Peace for the Legal Person, Suzhou Train to Wusong, Liu Jun Foucault's Xu Antai Victory, Spring Cattle Map, Ten Beautiful Kicks, Gusu Huanji's Pilgrimage Map, Beauty with Foreign Lights, Family Happiness, and Yellow Cats with Mice;

(4) Drama stories, such as Yang Jiajiang, Loyalty Hall, The West Chamber, The Temple of Heaven in the Monkey King, The Legend of the White Snake, Mu's Sky-Breaking Gate Array, San Xiao's Clouds, Dingjun Mountain, Bitter Tales, Battle of the North Plains, etc.

The frame size of New Year pictures is as big as four feet "nave", as small as five inches "Shenma paper" and two inches "egg noodles". The largest banner has a set of three "panoramic beds", and the smallest is a "smooth surface" of about five inches. Generally, there are three kinds of carved statues, landscapes and scenes for customers to choose from. Traditional Chinese opera stories and New Year pictures are mostly folded banners, which are various and familiar to the masses.